Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS): case report

There has been a rapid increase in the number of couples receiving treatment for infertility with Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in recent years. While there is robust evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of ART, it is important to be aware of the risks, the most serious of which is OHSS. A case of OHSS, a rare complication of COS, which is potentially fatal, is presented. Patient with secondary infertility (Para 0 + 1), who had had IVF - COS followed by oocyte retrieval and subsequent embryo transfer. She presented at Accident and Emergency Unit, Nairobi Hospital, with dyspnea, chest pain, abdominal pain and distension. A diagnosis of OHSS withpulmonary thromboembolism was made. She was admitted to Intensive care unit(ICU). She was managed with oxygen by mask, intravenous fluids, anticoagulant and albumen in Intensive Care Unit with fully recovery.The case study presents her clinical manifestations, investigation, progress, management, outcome and preventive measures

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome in assisted reproductive techniques: Case report

Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) is a crucial treatment for infertile couples and is frequently common. ART entails  manipulation of oocyte and sperm in a laboratory: in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).The key  objective of ART is to yield superior quality embryos that are competent for implantation with good perinatal outcome. In spite of widespread acceptability of ART, concerns have been raised on the long-term safety of removal and manipulation of the gametes and embryos. High incidence of imprinting disorders like Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) have been noted in babies conceived after ART. The case report discusses BWS encountered after conception with ART and a review of other imprinting disorders associated with ART

Fungal Cell Biomass From Enzyme Industry as a Sustainable Source of Hydrocolloids

Industrial enzyme production yields vast amounts of cell biomass as by-product that is treated as waste, which brings costs and causes an environmental burden. Nonetheless with the current drive toward resource efficiency, conversion of the cell biomass into value-added products would provide an economically viable alternative for the industry. The biomass is composed of fungal cells, containing potentially valuable heteropolysaccharides and glycoproteins, but a technology is lacking to valorize them. For the first time, we characterized the composition of the biomass, extracted biopolymers by aqueous and alkaline treatments, and studied their behavior as novel hydrocolloids in multiphase systems. Alkaline extraction yielded a carbohydrate content of 37.5% and an amino acid content of 27.6%, whereas water extraction yielded 6.6 and 61.3%, respectively. Emulsions prepared with alkaline extracts were relatively stable during a 15-day storage period. We demonstrated that the costly waste management in enzyme production can be replaced by sustainable fractioning, and these fractions can be valorized.Peer reviewe

Potential health-care associated respiratory syncytial virus in three referral Hospitals in Kenya, 2009-2011

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of community acquired severe respiratory illness in infants, immunocompromised individuals and the elderly. Limited information exists on the contribution of RSV in respiratory Hospital Associated Infection (rHAI) in developing countries.Objective: To characterize Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the three Kenyan referral setting as a potential contributor to respiratory hospital acquired infection.Methods: The study targeted all patients whose samples tested positive for RSV from the ongoing surveillance on healthcare associated respiratory infections. The study collected nasal and oropharyngeal samples from patients who developed new-onset axilla fever and influenza like illness, in patients who had been afebrile for at least three (3) days in the wards and tested them for different respiratory pathogens (Influenza A and B, Parainfluenza, Human metapneumovirus and adenovirus) alongside RSV. During this period A total of 37 samples tested RSV positive. These were characterized as RSV-A and -B using RT-PCR. Those that typed successfully were then sequenced in the attachment G protein and phylogenetically analyzed.Results: Of the 37 samples, 13(35%) were RSV A, 6 (16%) RSV B, 1 (3%) was AB and 17 (46%) did not type. Twenty out of the 37 attained the sequencing criteria and only seventeen gave successful sequences. Three RSV- A and 2 RSV-B sequenced samples from KNH were 100% identical in the G ectodomain sequences. One RSV-A specimen from MDH and one RSV-A positive from NNPGH had 100% identity. Three sequences from KNH clustered with high nucleotide sequence identity. Children below 2years were significantly more at risk of RSV than those aged 5years and above (aOR=0.21,p=0.012).Conclusions: The study inferred possibility of spread of RSV within the hospitals especially the paediatric ward. Any interventions to curb the spread should specifically target all children ≤ 2 years.Afr J Health Sci. 2016; 29(1):1-1

Heterotopic pregnancy in an assisted reproduction conception; case report and literature review

Infertility management by assisted reproduction techniques has had rapid increase. While there is robust evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of assisted reproduction technique (ART), complications are encountered. Heterotopic pregnancy, defined as the presence of both an intrauterine and an ectopic gestation, is a rare eventuality of early pregnancy. A 42 years old patient (Para 0+1) with a diagnosis of secondary infertility is presented; she had In Vitro fertilization (IVF) with egg donation. Two weeks after the IVF, a positive serum Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin confirmed the pregnancy and she continued with intake of progestins for luteal phase support. At 7 weeks gestation she presented at a local hospital with acute pelvic pain. A diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy was made after transvaginal showed right slow leaking ectopic pregnancy andintrauterine missed abortion. Laparoscopic surgery, right salpingectomy and manual vacuum aspiration were performed with good subsequent recovery. The case presented, discusses the aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of heterotopic pregnancy

Spruce galactoglucomannan-stabilized emulsions as essential fatty acid delivery systems for functionalized drinkable yogurt and oat-based beverage

The food industry has a considerable demand for functional foods, such as emulsions as delivery system for omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Such delivery systems must be stabilized, ideally with a compound that fulfills the criteria for both functionality and sustainability. Spruce galactoglucomannans (GGM) are novel, wood-derived, natural, value-added, versatile, multi-purpose emulsifiers that can physically stabilize oil-in-water emulsions while simultaneously protecting the oil phase against oxidation. In this study, we present for the first time the use of GGM-stabilized emulsions as complex multicomponent delivery systems for omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, i.e., (1) cod liver oil in drinkable yogurt and (2) oat oil in a gluten-free vegan beverage. The emulsions and the resulting functionalized beverages were characterized in terms of their physical stabilities. In addition, functionalized, drinkable yogurt was characterized in terms of the oxidative stability of the oil. Results highlighted that oil droplets stabilized with GGM were stable during storage, against thermal treatment, upon addition into the beverages, and GGM protected cod liver oil against oxidation in drinkable yogurt. The results reported here highlight the vast potential for the use of wood lignocellulose-derived, multi-functional hydrocolloids in modern foods.Peer reviewe

Assessing demographic access to hip replacement surgery in the United Kingdom: a systematic review

This is the final version. Available on open access from BMC via the DOI in this recordAvailability of data and materials; The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.Persisting evidence suggests significant socioeconomic and sociodemographic inequalities in access to medical treatment in the UK. Consequently, a systematic review was undertaken to examine these access inequalities in relation to hip replacement surgery. Database searches were performed using MEDLINE, PubMed and Web of Science. Studies with a focus on surgical need, access, provision and outcome were of interest. Inequalities were explored in the context of sociodemographic characteristics, socioeconomic status (SES), geographical location and hospital-related variables. Only studies in the context of the UK were included. Screening of search and extraction of data were performed and 482 articles were identified in the database search, of which 16 were eligible. Eligible studies consisted of eight cross-sectional studies, seven ecological studies and one longitudinal study. Although socioeconomic inequality has somewhat decreased, lower SES patients and ethnic minority patients demonstrate increased surgical needs, reduced access and poor outcomes. Lower SES and Black minority patients were younger and had more comorbidities. Surgical need increased with age. Women had greater surgical need and provision than men. Geographical inequality had reduced in Scotland, but a north-south divide persists in England. Rural areas received greater provision relative to need, despite increased travel for care. In all, access inequalities remain widespread and policy change driven by research is needed

Lignin-Rich PHWE Hemicellulose Extracts Responsible for Extended Emulsion Stabilization

Peer reviewe

Facilitating local level dairy innovation platform for smallholders in Kenya.

Projeto realizado na região de Oyugis, Homa Bay County, Kenya, visando desbloquear o potencial leiteiro de uma área anteriormente considerada inadequada para esta produção. O projeto capacitou os atores locais para se organizarem e resolverem problemas em comum, inspirando-os a desenvolver sua própria agenda de trabalho. Os produtores organizaram uma cooperativa, estão organizando um processamento mínimo de leite, muitos estão conservando melhor os volumosos para o gado, organizaram a Inseminação Artificial, entre outros. A comunidade deseja que um novo projeto dê continuidade ao trabalho, visando gerar avanços e inspirar outras comunidades.bitstream/item/127514/1/Livro-Sergio-Relatorio-Kenya.pdfTexto em português e inglês