Criminal Law Policy on Land Functions Impacting Climate Change in Indonesian National Law Perspective

The philosophy of functional transfer of land from wetlands, paddy fields, watersheds, protected forests, coastal and lake reclamation into residential areas in a national perspective, is one of the causes of climate change today. Initially, these places provide a cool, fresh, and clean air for humans being and the environment, but with the transition of the functions of these lands, an unexpected impact arises from the emergence of pollution, climate change that led to the occurrence of global warming. Philosophically, the transition of land functions is prohibited because it affects the human life. Sociologically, human actions that are deliberately destructive to the environment by transforming agrarian lands into residential areas, factories, hotels, and large malls so that previously productive land, turning into polluted lands, must be illegal due to land misuse as opposed to the public interest. Thus, juridical, a regulation that will be highlighted from the criminal law aspects both in the case of criminal acts, criminal liability, and the formulation of the punishment system against any person or legal body proven to commit criminal acts in the case of abuse of land functions, resulting in the change Climate that threatens the safety of mankind. This paper uses a normative juridical approach method with some analysis in the form of legal theories related to the writing of this journal

Pengaruh Pemberian Tepung Kunyit yang Dicampur Dalam Air Minum Terhadap Pertambahan Bobot Badan, Konsumsi Pakan, dan Konversi Pakan Ayam Broiler

The purpose of this research was to know the effect of adding turmeric powder in drinking water on body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion of broilers. This research was carried out in the Poultry Housing of Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Timor University, Kefamenanu from Mei until July 2021. This research using 96 day old chick (DOC) broilers. The method used is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consists of 4 treatments and 4 replication. The treatment was giving of T0: 1000 ml of drinking water (without turmeric powder), T1: 995 ml drinking water + turmeric powder 5 g, T2: 990 ml drinking water + turmeric powder 10 g, T3: 885 ml drinking water + turmeric powder 15 g. Data is processed using analysis of variance, and Duncan test. Statistical analysis shows that addition turmeric powder in drinking water significant effect weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion of broilers (P<0.05). It was concluded that adding turmeric powder in drinking water give results the optimum of body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion of broilers.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tepung kunyit dalam air minum terhadap pertambahan berat badan, konsumsi pakan, dan konversi pakan ayam broiler. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kandang Program Studi Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Timor, Kefamenanu pada bulan Mei hingga Juli 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan 96 ekor Day Old Chicks (DOC) ayam broiler. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji terdiri dari T0: 1000 ml air minum (tanpa tepung kunyit), T1: 995 ml air minum + tepung kunyit 5 g, T2: 990 ml air minum + tepung kunyit 10 g, dan T3: 885 ml air minum + tepung kunyit 15 g. Data diolah menggunakan Analisis Variansi, dan Uji Duncan. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung kunyit dalam air minum berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertambahan berat badan, konsumsi pakan, dan konversi pakan ayam broiler (P<0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa penambahan tepung kunyit dalam air minum memberikan hasil yang optimum terhadap pertambahan berat badan, konsumsi pakan, dan konversi pakan ayam broile

Numerical Range of Two Operators in Semi-Inner Product Spaces

In this paper, the numerical range for two operators both linear and nonlinear have been studied in semi-inner product spaces. The inclusion relations between numerical range, approximate point spectrum, compression spectrum, eigenspectrum, and spectrum have been established for two linear operators. We also show the inclusion relation between approximate point spectrum and closure of the numerical range for two nonlinear operators. An approximation method for solving the operator equation involving two nonlinear operators is also established

LAW ENFORCEMENT OF ILLEGAL BUSINESS TRANSACTION ON THE BORDER AREA BETWEEN INDONESIA AND TIMOR LESTE IN A DILEMMA

This study is a type of empirical legal study conducted based on the discrepancy between the existing provisions and theories and the legal facts occurring among the society, that is, the transaction of goods carried out by crossing the border between two countries.Any hindering obstacles and barricades to the law enforcement over illegal businesses can be settled through social and cultural, economic, political, and security approaches. Alternative solutions that should be applied in dealing with such legal issues can be establishing buildings in the border area, which are specifically directed to help accelerate the handling of three fundamental problems faced in the scope of the development of the border area in question, one of which is delimitation and delineation aspects of the state's boundaries, the aspect of affirming national borders on watershed areas between Indonesia and Timor Leste, the aspect of development discrepancy in the form of fulfilling infrastructure needs in the economic field to foster opportunities for the border areas to participate and compete amid both global and regional markets

Potential applications of nanotechnology in thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass

The rapid decrease in fossil reserves has significantly increased the demand of renewable and sustainable energy fuel resources. Fluctuating fuel prices and significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels have been key impediments associated with the production and utilization of nonrenewable fossil fuels. This has resulted in escalating interests to develop new and improve inexpensive carbon neutral energy technologies to meet future demands. Various process options to produce a variety of biofuels including biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, bio-oil, and biogas have been explored as an alternative to fossil fuels. The renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic nature of biofuels make them appealing as alternative fuels. Biofuels can be produced from various renewable resources. Among these renewable resources, algae appear to be promising in delivering sustainable energy options. Algae have a high carbon dioxide (CO2) capturing efficiency, rapid growth rate, high biomass productivity, and the ability to grow in non-potable water. For algal biomass, the two main conversion pathways used to produce biofuel include biochemical and thermochemical conversions. Algal biofuel production is, however, challenged with process scalability for high conversion rates and high energy demands for biomass harvesting. This affects the viable achievement of industrial-scale bioprocess conversion under optimum economy. Although algal biofuels have the potential to provide a sustainable fuel for future, active research aimed at improving upstream and downstream technologies is critical. New technologies and improved systems focused on photobioreactor design, cultivation optimization, culture dewatering, and biofuel production are required to minimize the drawbacks associated with existing methods. Nanotechnology has the potential to address some of the upstream and downstream challenges associated with the development of algal biofuels. It can be applied to improve system design, cultivation, dewatering, biomass characterization, and biofuel conversion. This chapter discusses thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass with recent advances in the application of nanotechnology to enhance the development of biofuels from algae. Nanotechnology has proven to improve the performance of existing technologies used in thermochemical treatment and conversion of biomass. The different bioprocess aspects, such as reactor design and operation, analytical techniques, and experimental validation of kinetic studies, to provide insights into the application of nanotechnology for enhanced algal biofuel production are addressed

Multiobjective duality with ρ−(η,θ)-invexity

Under ρ−(η,θ)-invexity assumptions on the functions involved, weak, strong, and converse duality theorems are proved to relate properly efficient solutions of the primal and dual problems for a multiobjective programming problem