A Theoretical Basis for Adult Learning Facilitation: Review of Selected Articles

The aim of this paper is synthesize a theoretical basis for adult learning facilitation in order to provide a valuable systematic resource in the field of adult education. The paper has reviewed 6 journal articles with topics ranging from theory of andragogy; the effect of globalization on adult learning; the contribution of Malcom Knowles; Constructivism as a theoretical Model for Adult Learning and the Relevance of Piaget and Neo-Piagetian theories on adult education. Each article was first summarized and then it was critically reviewed to reflect the current Africa realities on Adult Education. The overall finding is that African scholars have not been in the forefront in contributing towards theories of adult learning facilitation. The key theorists like Malcom Knowles, John Dewey, and Piaget are among many others who were born and trained in the west. So they theorized according to their own contexts. In the end a call is given to African academics in adult learning to push boundaries further in the field of andragogy in order to be applicable in the current socio-political and economic realities

Teacher Experiences of Disciplinary Measures in Tanzania Adventist Secondary School: A Case Study

The debate whether to use caning or not as a form of disciplinary measures in Tanzania and many other parts of the world is still alive. Based on this premise this study undertook a case study approach in order  to  describe and explain patterns related to disciplinary measures; To identify relationships of learning and disciplinary measures; To assess the implementation of the national policy of disciplinary measures; To propose opportunities for change. The data was gathered through face to face interviews where six secondary school teachers were involved. Although the number of participants appear to be small, but this is where the strength of the study lies. It is because such a reality gave an opportunity to delve deeper on issues involved. The overall finding is that although human rights movements from all over the world are pushing for a complete eradication of caning in school setting; but it appears that Tanzania as a sovereign state is not ready. This is due to deeply embedded reasons related to efficiency, culture and religious aspects. The study climaxes by borrowing a Swahili phrase, “samaki mkunje angali mbichi,” [bend the fish while fresh]. The expression means that you need mold child’s behavior while still young. It needs to be known that the process of molding differs from one culture to another. Also it needs to be known that global culture must not be necessarily superior to local culture. Keywords: corporal punishment, culture, human rights, case stud

The separate neural control of hand movements and contact forces

To manipulate an object, we must simultaneously control the contact forces exerted on the object and the movements of our hand. Two alternative views for manipulation have been proposed: one in which motions and contact forces are represented and controlled by separate neural processes, and one in which motions and forces are controlled jointly, by a single process. To evaluate these alternatives, we designed three tasks in which subjects maintained a specified contact force while their hand was moved by a robotic manipulandum. The prescribed contact force and hand motions were selected in each task to induce the subject to attain one of three goals: (1) exerting a regulated contact force, (2) tracking the motion of the manipulandum, and (3) attaining both force and motion goals concurrently. By comparing subjects' performances in these three tasks, we found that behavior was captured by the summed actions of two independent control systems: one applying the desired force, and the other guiding the hand along the predicted path of the manipulandum. Furthermore, the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation impulses to the posterior parietal cortex selectively disrupted the control of motion but did not affect the regulation of static contact force. Together, these findings are consistent with the view that manipulation of objects is performed by independent brain control of hand motions and interaction forces

Prevalence of School Based Bullying among Monduli District Public Secondary Schools, Tanzania

The study aimed to analyze the prevalence rate of School Based Bullying. The study was done at Monduli District Public Secondary Schools, in Tanzania and it used descriptive survey design which falls in a quantitative research approach. A standardized closed-ended questionnaire was used in data collection from students of the schools. The population of the study was 121 representing respondents from each Public School in Monduli District. The study applied systematic sampling to identify students for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by employing mean, frequencies and percentages. The findings showed that various forms of bullying took place in schools under investigation including stealing other learners’ property, beating, tarnishing others’ image by drawing on building walls, spreading disinformation, excluding others, taunting others and bad nicknaming. The study recommends that in order to lower the prevalence rate of bullying in schools, the ministry of education ought to provide a clearer guidance at school-level on dealing with school violence and particularly bullying behaviors. Measures taken against bullying would include anonymous reporting mechanism and corresponding stricter punitive consequences. The study further recommends that the government should provide continuous capacity building workshops with teachers on how to deal with and eradicate bullying behaviors in schools

ANALYSIS OF GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES & ARCHIVEMENT IN GOVERNMENT OWNED PARASTATALS IN TANZANIA: A CASE STUDY OF TANZANIA NATIONAL PARKS AUTHORITY HEAD QUARTERS

The debate whether  good governance have contribution in the perfomance of state owned corporation  or as remidies for poor perfomance of corporation in Tanzania and many other parts of the world is still alive.This study undertook a case study approach in order to alayse the effectiveness of good governance principles in relation to state owned corporation archivements. The objectives were,to dentify governance challenges in publiccorporations with case study of TANAPA, To identify the achievements made by TANAPA in relation to Good Corporate Governance. To propose sustainable approaches in enhancing good corporate governance in TANAPA. The data was gathered through face to face interviews where 30 public leaders were involved. The finding revealed that  good governance has impacts on the perfomance & archivement, Tanapa has archived economicaly as well as socially resulted from good corporate governance, there is increase in revenue, and improved sustainable conservations.Different challenges includes poaching, corruption, conflict of intrest and in adequent transparency were also mentioned by respondents as the bottleneck for good govenance in TANAPA. Conclusively, there is need to enable anti corruption agency, instill COI mechanisim within TANAPA, improve transparency as well as accountabilty. Keywords: corporate governance, case study, governance principles, archivements &perfomance, governance challenges