Assessment of the balance degree of loan companies banking policy

Achieving a balance in the management of banking transactions in the crisis tendencies in the national banking system becomes a priority for bank management. The need for finding a solution to this problem is determined by the persistence in the national banking sector a number of dislocations caused by narrowing of the resource base of loan companies, by low efficiency of bank capital allocation, and high-risk credit policy. These dislocations determine the imbalance of the banks’ policies and cause the strengthening of the financial sector of point defaults, which inevitably lead to the systemic risk of the entire banking sector activities. The solution of the designated problem requires the development of methodological tools and allows us to give a comprehensive assessment of the balance of the banking policy of loan companies and to take timely organizational actions. In this article the authors proved the approach to assessing the balance of the banks’ policies, based on a comprehensive analysis of the balance between active and passive banking operations, including liquidity, stability, profitability as well as risks and assets’ quality. The assessment is made through calculating the coefficients and indicators for the above criteria groups that allows ranging loan companies depending on the actual value of the resulting final indicators in banks with: 1) high-balanced; 2) satisfactory-balanced; 3) low-balanced bank policy.peer-reviewe

The risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection from the administration of different classes of antibiotics and their combinations to children in an oncological hospital

Patients in pediatric oncological hospitals are at risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection in patients who are treated with antibiotics of different classes and their combinations by way of a retrospective analysis of 122 patient records. It was shown that the administration of antibacterial chemotherapeutic drugs that belong to the classes of nitrofurans (enterofuryl), sulfonamides (biseptol), cephalosporins, and macrolides/azalides significantly increased the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric patients. On the contrary, treatment with antibiotics of different classes, such as linezolid, colistin, and metronidazole, significantly reduced the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection. The use of penicillins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, and carbapenems was not associated with the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric patients. The administration of one or two antimicrobial drugs of different classes increased the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection while a combination of three different types of antimicrobial drugs lowered the rate of this infection in pediatric patients.Patients in pediatric oncological hospitals are at risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection in patients who are treated with antibiotics of different classes and their combinations by way of a retrospective analysis of 122 patient records. It was shown that the administration of antibacterial chemotherapeutic drugs that belong to the classes of nitrofurans (enterofuryl), sulfonamides (biseptol), cephalosporins, and macrolides/azalides significantly increased the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric patients. On the contrary, treatment with antibiotics of different classes, such as linezolid, colistin, and metronidazole, significantly reduced the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection. The use of penicillins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, and carbapenems was not associated with the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric patients. The administration of one or two antimicrobial drugs of different classes increased the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection while a combination of three different types of antimicrobial drugs lowered the rate of this infection in pediatric patients

Clostridium difficile инфекции у пациентов детского онкологического стационара: проблемы культивирования анаэробной кишечной флоры и лечения

In recent years, the number of infectious diseases caused by Clostridium difficile in the world has grown with a significant increase in relapses and mortality in patients, particularly among the cancer patients in hospitals. There is also observed an increase in the resistance of Clostridium difficile to the first-line drugs, namely metronidazole and vancomycin, which makes the search for new methods of treatment and prevention of this infection even more urgent. In this review, we analyze the recent data on the methods of cultivation and isolation of the pure bacterial culture of Clostridium difficile and other anaerobic enteropathogens over the course of enterocolitis treatment with antimicrobial drugs in pediatric patients with oncopathology. Novel approaches to the therapy of this infection are discussed. В последние годы в мире наблюдается рост числа инфекционных заболеваний, вызванных Clostridium difficile со значительным увеличением рецидивов и смертности, в том числе среди онкологических больных – пациентов стационаров. Отмечается также рост резистентности Clostridium difficile к препаратам первой линии терапии, а именно к метронидазолу и ванкомицину, что делает актуальным поиск новых методов лечения и профилактики данной инфекции. Мы проанализировали данные последних лет по методам культивирования Clostridium difficile, связанные с получением чистой культуры Clostridium difficile и других анаэробных энтеропатогенов при энтероколитах у детей с онкопатологией на фоне приема антимикробных препаратов, а также современные подходы к терапии данной инфекции.

Subsurface disorder and electro-optical properties of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides produced by different techniques

It has been established, that proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides have a marked subsurface layer with structural disorder inducing degradation of electro-optical properties of these waveguides. At the same time, such a subsurface disorder is found to be less pronounced in soft proton-exchanged (SPE) waveguides in comparison with annealed proton-exchanged (APE) ones. The experimental samples of phase modulators fabricated by SPE technique exhibit a better electro-optical efficiency compared to the LiNbO3 modulators produced by the standard and improved APE techniques

Риск развития Clostridium difficile инфекции, связанный с применением различных групп антибиотиков и их сочетаний, у детей в онкологическом стационаре

Patients in pediatric oncological hospitals are at risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection in patients who are treated with antibiotics of different classes and their combinations by way of a retrospective analysis of 122 patient records. It was shown that the administration of antibacterial chemotherapeutic drugs that belong to the classes of nitrofurans (enterofuryl), sulfonamides (biseptol), cephalosporins, and macrolides/azalides significantly increased the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric patients. On the contrary, treatment with antibiotics of different classes, such as linezolid, colistin, and metronidazole, significantly reduced the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection. The use of penicillins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, and carbapenems was not associated with the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric patients. The administration of one or two antimicrobial drugs of different classes increased the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection while a combination of three different types of antimicrobial drugs lowered the rate of this infection in pediatric patients.Пациенты детского онкологического стационара находятся в группе риска развития Clostridium difficile инфекции. Цель данного исследования состояла в определении степени риска развития Clostridium difficile инфекции в детском онкологическом стационаре при применении различных групп антибиотиков и их сочетаний. В результате было показано, что применение антибактериальных химиотерапевтических препаратов, принадлежащих к группам нитрофуранов (энтерофурил), сульфаниламидов (бисептол), цефалоспоринов и макролидов/азалидов, достоверно повышало риск развития Clostridium difficile инфекции у детей – пациентов стационара. Применение таких антибиотиков, как линезолид, колистин и метронидазол, достоверно снижало риск развития Clostridium difficile инфекции. Применение пенициллинов, аминогликозидов, фторхинолонов, гликопептидов, карбопенемов не было связано с риском развития Clostridium difficile инфекции у детей, находящихся на лечении в онкологическом стационаре. Применение одного или двух антибактериальных химиотерапевтических препаратов, принадлежащих к разным группам, увеличивало риск развития Clostridium difficile инфекции по сравнению с применением препаратов трех групп

Госпитальная инфекция в онкоурологии

Hospital-acquired (nosocomial, intrahospital) infections are a principal cause of severe complications and death in cancer diseases in the postoperative period. A current infection-controlling system that notifies all cases of nosocomial infections in the patients of the hospital, including those with urinary tract cancer, has been in existence in Moscow City Cancer Hospital Sixty-Two since 2001. The paper presents the data of the authors' own follow-ups (in 2005—2006), which reflect the incidence of postoperative nosocomial urinary tract infections (PNUTI) in urological cancer patients depending on the site of a tumor, the scope of surgical intervention, the etiological agents of PNUTI, and their susceptibility to antibiotics. By using the results of the study, the authors have developed and proposed algorithms of efficient antibiotic therapy for PNUTI in patients with cancer of the kidney, urinary bladder, and prostate.

Выявление избыточного количества натрия в миокарде в условиях натриевой нагрузки с помощью двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии

Introduction. The direct relationship between the level of sodium intake, arterial hypertension, followed by the development of heart failure, a hypothesis of the direct influence of excessive sodium accumulation in myocardial glycosaminoglycans seems quite probable, which can further contribute to the occurrence of diastolic dysfunction and heart failure.The aim of the study was to identify excess sodium in rats under conditions of sodium loading, in comparison with rats at a normal level of sodium intake. Materials and methods. Ten male Wistar rats with the same body weight were divided into two groups: the excess salt intake group and the normal salt intake group. Estimation of the amount of Na and NaCl in the animal myocardium was performed using dual energy computed tomography (DECT) samples. Samples were scanned on a Revolution GSI tomograph (GE Healthcare). For statistical processing of the obtained data, the R language was used. Results. The results of the study showed that the accumulation of Na and NaCl does not depend on the average level of animal feed intake, there is no correlation between weight and accumulation of excess Na in tissues, the level of Na and NaCl detected in myocardial tissue significantly increases the likelihood of a high salt diet in rats, and a relationship between the content Na in the myocardium and NaCl+H2O. Conclusion. The experiment confirmed the existence of a reliable relationship between the sodium compounds calculated on the basis of DECT and the content of these compounds in the samples. The small number of samples did not allow us to calculate normalized rats, but we noted a clear difference between the control group and the high sodium diet.Введение. Учитывая прямую взаимосвязь между уровнем потребления натрия (Na), артериальной гипертензией с последующим развитием сердечной недостаточности, достаточно вероятным представляется гипотеза непосредственного влияния избыточного накопления Naвгликозаминогликанах миокарда, что в дальнейшем может способствовать возникновению диастолической дисфункции и сердечной недостаточности. Цель исследования: выявление избыточного количества натрия у крыс, находящихся в условиях натриевой нагрузки, в сравнении с крысами, находящимися на нормальном уровне потребления натрия. Материалы и методы. Десять самцов крыс рода Wistar с одинаковой массой тела были разделены на две группы: группа избыточного потребления соли и группа нормального потребления соли. Оценка количества натрия и NaCl в миокарде животных была выполнена при двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии (ДЭКТ) образцов. Сканирование образцов выполняли на томографе RevolutionGSI (GEHealthcare). Для статистической обработки полученных данных использовали язык R. Результаты исследования показали: накопление натрия и NaCl, не зависит от среднего уровня потребления корма животным, отсутствует корреляция между весом и уровнем накопления избытка натрия в тканях, уровень натрия и NaCl в ткани миокарда значимо повышают вероятность высокосолевой диеты у крысы, выявлена зависимость между содержанием натрия в миокарде и NaCl+Н2О. Заключение. Эксперимент подтвердил наличие достоверной связи вычисленных на основании ДЭКТ значений соединений натрия с содержанием этих соединений в образцах. Малое количество образцов не позволило нам рассчитать нормализованные показатели для крыс, однако мы отметили четкое различие между контрольной группой и группой с высоким содержанием натрия в диете

Protestant women in the late Soviet era: gender, authority, and dissent

At the peak of the anti-religious campaigns under Nikita Khrushchev, communist propaganda depicted women believers as either naïve dupes, tricked by the clergy, or as depraved fanatics; the Protestant “sektantka” (female sectarian) was a particularly prominent folk-devil. In fact, as this article shows, women’s position within Protestant communities was far more complex than either of these mythical figures would have one believe. The authors explore four important, but contested, female roles: women as leaders of worship, particularly in remote congregations where female believers vastly outnumbered their male counterparts; women as unofficial prophetesses, primarily within Pentecostal groups; women as mothers, replenishing congregations through high birth rates and commitment to their children’s religious upbringing; and women as political actors in the defence of religious rights. Using a wide range of sources, which include reports written by state officials, articles in the church journal, letters from church members to their ecclesiastical leaders in Moscow, samizdat texts, and oral history accounts, the authors probe women’s relationship with authority, in terms of both the authority of the (male) ministry within the church, and the authority of the Soviet state

Electoral manipulation and the development of Russia's political system

The allegations of electoral manipulation surrounding Russia's parliamentary election of December 2011 were nothing new. Regional elections in October 2009 resulted in victory for Putin's United Russia, followed by a walkout from the State Duma by the other parliamentary parties, to protest the elections’ conduct. Multi-layered questions surround the role of electoral manipulation for different actors in Russia's political system. Analysis focused on the elections of October 2009 shows that regime, opposition, and regional authorities all have conflicting motivations. For the regime, electoral manipulation helps to secure power and legitimacy, but its uncovering undermines that legitimacy. For the opposition, participation in elections provides an opportunity to both gain electoral representation and to de-legitimise the regime by declaring the ballot flawed. Regional leaders owe their positions to the regime and must balance any obligation to deliver ‘correct’ election results against mixed signals on the nature of that regime and of democracy in Russia