Development of PCR-based markers for a high grain protein content gene from Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides transferred to bread wheat

Grain Protein Content (GPC) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and T. turgidum L.) is important for improved nutritional value and is also one of the major factors affecting breadmaking and pasta quality. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) for high GPC was detected a few years ago in the short arm of chromosome 6B from accession FA15-3 of Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides. New molecular markers are presented here to facilitate the transfer of this high GPC gene into tetraploid and hexaploid wheat cultivars. Two sets of PCR (polymerase chain reaction) primers were designed to amplify regions of the non-transcribed spacer of the XNor-B2 locus. This locus was selected because it mapped on the peak of the QTL for GPC. The first pair of allele-specific primers produced an amplification product only when the T. turgidum var. dicoccoides XNor-B2 allele was present. The second pair of primers amplified fragment(s) of similar length in the different genotypes that after digestion with the restriction enzyme BamHI allowed differentiation of the T. turgidum var. dicoccoides allele. Four microsatellites markers were mapped on the short arm of chromosome 6B at both sides of the QTL peak and two on the long arm. Five additional amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were mapped into the QTL region on 6BS. These PCR markers together with 10 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers showed that the hexaploid cultivar Glupro, selected for high GPC, carries a distal segment of chromosome 6BL and a proximal segment of 6BS from dicoccoides accession FA15-3 encompassing the segment with highest LOD score for the GPC QTL

Genetic Breeding of Prosopis Species from the “Great American Chaco”

Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos VegetalesFil: Lopez Lauenstein, Diego. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Lauenstein, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA); ArgentinaFil: Teich, Ingrid. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Teich, Ingrid. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA); ArgentinaFil: Carloni, Edgardo José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina.Fil: Carloni, Edgardo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA); ArgentinaFil: Melchiorre, Mariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Melchiorre, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA); ArgentinaFil: Sagadin, Monica Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Sagadin, Monica Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA); ArgentinaFil: Frassoni, Javier. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Joseau, Marisa Jacqueline. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentin

Genetic and morphometric characterization of clones of Prosopis alba, Algarobia, selected for salt tolerance

Prosopis alba is an important Argentinean species with a great potential for the production of timber and nontimber products. Many studies showed high salt tolerance of this species, which allows it to be used in afforestation and reforestation of saline soils. In this study, we applied the morphometric technique to characterize 21 salt-tolerant clones (ST). Twenty of these clones were studied by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and simple sequence repeat (SSR), and their molecular patterns were compared with those of 22 individuals selected for salt sensitivity (SS). Most morphological traits revealed highly significant differences among ST clones, and four out of 11 characters showed high heritability. ISSR analysis allowed detecting 89 loci, 91 % of them variable. ST versus SS groups differ significantly from each other by the frequencies of 22 of these loci, from which 12 were significant at the matrix level. Analysis of six SSR loci for the same groups indicated that all of them were polymorphic at the 1 % criterion. Allelic frequencies of SSR also showed highly significant differences between SS and ST groups. Analysis of coancestry between individuals within SS and ST groups and between groups indicated that the molecular differentiation between them cannot be explained solely on relationship grounds. Molecular groupings based on ISSR and SSR showed consistency to each other, as supported by the highly significant coinertia in the distribution of individuals in principal component analysis scatterplots. This work is the first contribution which tends to associate molecular patterns with life history traits and morphological differences in Prosopis clones.Fil: Roser, Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Ferreyra, Laura Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Ewens, Mauricio. Universidad Catolica de Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Vilardi, Juan Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Saidman, Beatriz Ofelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentin

SSRs, SNPs and DArTs comparison on estimation of relatedness and genetic parameters’ precision from a small half-sib sample population of Eucalyptus grandis

Simple sequence repeats (SSR) are the most widely used molecular markers for relatedness inference due to their multi-allelic nature and high informativeness. However, there is a growing trend toward using high-throughput and inter-specific transferable single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) in forest genetics owing to their wide genome coverage. We compared the efficiency of 15 SSRs, 181 SNPs and 2816 DArTs to estimate the relatedness coefficients, and their effects on genetic parameters’ precision, in a relatively small data set of an open-pollinated progeny trial of Eucalyptus grandis (Hill ex Maiden) with limited relationship from the pedigree. Both simulations and real data of Eucalyptus grandis were used to study the statistical performance of three relatedness estimators based on co-dominant markers. Relatedness estimates in pairs of individuals belonging to the same family (related) were higher for DArTs than for SNPs and SSRs. DArTs performed better compared to SSRs and SNPs in estimated relatedness coefficients in pairs of individuals belonging to different families (unrelated) and showed higher ability to discriminate unrelated from related individuals. The likelihood-based estimator exhibited the lowest root mean squared error (RMSE); however, the differences in RMSE among the three estimators studied were small. For the growth traits, heritability estimates based on SNPs yielded, on average, smaller standard errors compared to those based on SSRs and DArTs. Estimated relatedness in the realized relationship matrix and heritabilities can be accurately inferred from co-dominant or sufficiently dense dominant markers in a relatively small E. grandis data set with shallow pedigree.Fil: Cappa, Eduardo Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Klápště, Jaroslav. Czech University Of Life Sciences Prague; República Checa. University of British Columbia; Canadá. New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.; Nueva ZelandaFil: Garcia, Martín Nahuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas; ArgentinaFil: Villalba, Pamela Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas; ArgentinaFil: Marcucci Poltri, Susana Noemí. Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas; Argentin