Wild Edible Plants Used By the Tribes of Akole Tahasil of Ahmednagar District (Ms), India

The present communication deals with the ethnobotanical exploration,identification,concerns and future potentialities of the wild edible plant species consumed by the tribal communities inhabiting in the hilly areas of akole tahasil of Ahmednagar district fall in Maharashtra state-India. A total of 31 plant species belonging to 23 families were reported from the study area. Amaranthaceae was the dominant family with 4 taxa,while Papilionaceae followed with 3 taxa. Ascplepidaceae and Bignoniaceae represented by 2 taxa each. The four major life forms were climbers, herbs, shrubs and trees. Herb makes up the highest proportion of the edible species followed by trees, shrubs and climbers. The plant species are divided into two class-vegetables and raw. Also the present finding support further investigation into nutritional profits, pharmacological prospects and conservational studies

Comparative evaluation of root canal disinfection by conventional method and laser: An in vivo study

Objective: The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate in vivo the disinfecting ability of conventional method and lasers in root canals.Materials and Methods: Study criteria included 60 single rooted teeth, which were indicated for root canal therapy followed to dental caries and trauma with intact crowns. Such selected patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, namely, GroupA(30 teeth) and Group B (30 teeth). All clinical procedures were carried out under strict aseptic precautions. The teeth in Group A were subjected to biomechanical preparation followed by the treatment with the help of diode laser containing the gallium aluminum and arsenic, which emitted 980 nm wavelengths. The teeth in Group B were treated with routine method of biomechanical preparation along with irrigation using sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide. The microbiological samples were taken immediately after the access preparation and after the completion of the root canal disinfection and were sent for microbiological analysis.Results: The teeth in Group A showed presence of common strains of bacteria ranging from Streptococci, Staphylococci, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas. Reduction in the growth of microorganisms was found for all types of microorganisms. Only 8 samples exhibited the growth after treatment with laser. Results of Group B also showed the presence of common strains of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria as shown in earlier studies, predominantly Staphylococcus, Streptococci, and Pseudomonas. Statistical analysis showed non‑significant P values for the microorganisms; however, only 3 samples showed the growth after treatment with conventional technique using sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide.Conclusion: Conventional method by using sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide as irrigating solutions is highly effective in disinfecting the root canal. Lasers when used can also reduce the bacterial load of the infected root canal.Key words: Diode laser, endodontics, root canal disinfectio

A Framework to Categorize Shill and Normal Reviews by Measuring it’s Linguistic Features

Shill reviews detection has attracted significant attention from both business and research communities. Shill reviews are increasingly used to influence the reputation of products sold on websites in positive or negative manner. The spammers may create shill reviews which mislead readers to artificially promote or devalue some target products or services. Different methods which work according to linguistic features have been adopted and implemented effectively. Surprisingly, review manipulation was found on reputable e-commerce websites also. This is the reason why linguistic-feature based methods have gained more and more popularity. Lingual features of shill reviews are examined in this study and then a tool has been developed for extracting product features from the text used in the product review under analysis. Fake reviews, fake comments, fake blogs, fake social network postings and deceptive texts are some forms of shill reviews. By extracting linguistic features like informativeness, subjectivity and readability, an attempt is made to find difference between shill and normal reviews. On the basis of these three characteristics, hypotheses are formed and generalized. These hypotheses help to compare shill and normal reviews in analytical terms. Proposed work is for based on polarity of the text (positive or negative), as shill reviewer tend to use a definite polarity based on their intention, positive or negative

Evaluation of polyherbal ointment for wound healing activity in Wistar rats

The aim of present study to formulate, evaluate and to check the wound healing activity of newly prepared polyherbal formulation (ointment) .Herbal ointment containing hydrochloric extracts of plants Psorolea corylifalia, Achryanthes aspera ,was formulated as ointment and the hydro alcoholic extract was prepared by maceration method. These Formulations were evaluated for the following parameters: pH, Spread ability, grittiness, skin irritation study, stability. The wound healing activity is assessed by the rate of wound contraction, Period of epithelisation and skin breaking strength. Keywords: Herbal Ointment, Wound Healing Activity

Detection of Ricin in Water Samples using DisposableScreen-printed Electrodes

Ricin is a highly toxic plant toxin, which is extracted from the beans of the castor plant,Ricinus communis. Ricin is thousand times more poisonous than cyanide and thirty times morepotent than nerve gases. The toxin (ricin) could be used to contaminate food or water, causingpanic. Attempts were made for the detection of ricin in water samples by utilising amperometricimmunosensors. Single-use screen-printed electrodes were made using polystyrene and graphite.These electrodes were tested  for  their ability  to detect 1-naphthol which is the product of thereaction between 1-naphthyl phosphate and the enzyme alkaline phosphatase conjugate. Anindirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system was used to detect ricin. First,ricin antigen was incubated on the screen-printed electrode. This was followed by blocking withBSA and incubation with antibody raised against ricin in rabbit. The last step wass the incubationwith anti-antibody of rabbit conjugated to enzyme alkaline phosphatase. This electrode is insertedin an electrochemical cell containing diethanolamine buffer and a potential of 0.4 V wrt referenceelectrode (Ag/AgCl) was applied  using a potentiostat.  Various experiments were carried out  foroptimising the conditions like substrate concentration, amount of antibody raised against ricin,anti-antibody alkaline phosphatase conjugate, and blocking agents. It was found that the responseof amperometric sensor is proportional to the logarithmic of ricin concentration from 100 ng/mlto 3200 ng/ml.  Using traditional methods, it is possible to detect ricin concentration up to 300ng/ml in 18 h, while with amperometric immunosensor, one can detect ricin as low as 40 ng/mlwithin 90 min. The details of making the screen-printed electrodes, characterisation, optimisationof various conditions for the highest sensitivity have been discussed

Dielectric characterization and molecular interaction behaviour in binary mixtures of methyl acetate with 1-butanol and 1-pentanol

900-910The dielectric constant (ɛs) and relaxation time () of binary mixtures of methyl acetate with alcohols (1-butanol and 1-pentanol) have been investigated at fifteen molar concentrations over the entire mixing range at 288 K, 298 K, 308 K and 318 K using time domain reflectometery technique over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 10 GHz. The relaxation in these mixtures can be described by a single relaxation time using the Debye model. The concentration dependent plots of excess dielectric constant (ɛE), excess inverse relaxation time (1/)E, Kirkwood correlation factor (geff), thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy of activation (H) and Gibbs free energy (G) of activation and Bruggman factor (fB) have been used to explore the complexes formed between unlike molecules, dipolar ordering, hydrogen bond molecular connectivity’s and their strength in the binary mixtures. Results confirm that there are strong hydrogen-bond interactions between unlike molecules of ester-alcohol mixtures

An experimental investigation of droplet morphology in swirl flow

The interaction of a droplet with a swirling airstream is investigated experimentally by shadowgraphy and particle image velocimetry techniques. In swirl flow, the droplet experiences oppose-flow, cross-flow, and co-flow conditions depending on its ejection location, the velocity of the airstream, and swirl strength, which results in distinct droplet morphologies as compared to the straight airflow situation. We observe a new breakup phenomenon, termed as `retracting bag breakup', as the droplet encounters a differential flow field created by the wake of the swirler's vanes and the central recirculation zone in swirl airflow. A regime map demarcating the various modes, such as no breakup, vibrational breakup, retracting bag breakup, and bag breakup modes, is presented for different sets of dimensionless parameters influencing the droplet morphology and its trajectory. In contrast to the straight flow, the swirl flow promotes the development of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, enhancing the stretching factor in the droplet deformation process, resulting in a larger number of fingers on the droplet's surface. In order to gain physical insight, a modified theoretical analysis based on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability is proposed for the swirl flow. The experimental behaviour of droplet deformation phenomena in swirl flow conditions can be determined by modifying the stretching factor in the theoretical model.Comment: 29 pages, 19 figure

REVIEW ON POTENT ANTI-DIABETIC PLANTS OR HERBS FROM TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

This review focuses on Indian Herbal drugs and plants used in the treatment of diabetes, especially in India. Diabetes is an important human ailment afflicting many from various walks of life in different countries. diabetes is one of the major causes of death and disability in the world. Natural products from medicinal plants, either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts, provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads because of the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. Due to an increasing demand for chemical diversity in screening programs, seeking therapeutic drugs from natural products, interest particularly in edible plants has grown throughout the world. Botanicals and herbal preparations for medicinal usage contain various types of bioactive compounds. Phytochemicals identified from medicinal plants present an exciting opportunity for the development of new types of therapeutics for diabetes mellitus. Most prevalent among phytochemical groups are the alkaloids, glycosides, polysaccharides, and phenolics such as flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids. These include, Allium sativum, Eugenia jambolana, Momordica charantia Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus amarus, Pterocarpus marsupium, Tinospora cordifolia, Trigonella foenum graecum and Withania somnifera. Keywords: Phytochemicals, diabetes, standardized extracts, bioactive compounds

User Feedback Analysis System using Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence

The Web has dramatically changed the way that people express their views and opinions. Now if one wants to purchase a product, he/she is no longer limited to asking his/her friends and families because there are many product reviews on the Web which give opinions of existing users of the product. Here we present the system which provides us information about such products and services in summarization form. Finding opinion sources and monitoring them on the Web can still be a difficult task because there are a large number of diffrent sources, and each source may also have a huge volume of opinionated text (text with opinions or sentiments). In most cases, opinions are hidden in long forum posts and blogs. It is complicated for a human reader to find relable sources, extract related sentences with opinions, read them, summarize them, and manage them into usable forms. Thus, automated summarization systems are needed. Using this summarization we can recognize the importance, quality, popularity of product and services. In this system we make summarization for product. But, we can use this system anywhere, where text analysis is required. Sentiment analysis, also known as opinion mining, grows out of this need. It is a challenging natural language processing or text mining problem. Due to its tremendous value for practical applications, there has been an excessive growth of both research in academia and applications in the industry

Hydration of a side-chain-free n-type semiconducting ladder polymer driven by electrochemical doping

We study the organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) performance of the ladder polymer, poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) in an attempt to better understand how an apparently hydrophobic side-chain-free polymer is able to operate as an OECT with favorable redox kinetics in an aqueous environment. We examine two BBLs of different molecular masses from different sources. Both BBLs show significant film swelling during the initial reduction step. By combining electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (eQCM) gravimetry, in-operando atomic force microscopy (AFM), and both ex-situ and in-operando grazing incidence wide-angle x-ray scattering (GIWAXS), we provide a detailed structural picture of the electrochemical charge injection process in BBL in the absence of any hydrophilic side-chains. Compared with ex-situ measurements, in-operando GIWAXS shows both more swelling upon electrochemical doping than has previously been recognized, and less contraction upon dedoping. The data show that BBL films undergo an irreversible hydration driven by the initial electrochemical doping cycle with significant water retention and lamellar expansion that persists across subsequent oxidation/reduction cycles. This swelling creates a hydrophilic environment that facilitates the subsequent fast hydrated ion transport in the absence of the hydrophilic side-chains used in many other polymer systems. Due to its rigid ladder backbone and absence of hydrophilic side-chains, the primary BBL water uptake does not significantly degrade the crystalline order, and the original dehydrated, unswelled state can be recovered after drying. The combination of doping induced hydrophilicity and robust crystalline order leads to efficient ionic transport and good stability.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figure