NMSGUT emergence and Trans-Unification RG flows

Consistency of trans-unification RG evolution is used to discuss the domain of definition of the New Minimal Supersymmetric SO(10) GUT (NMSGUT). We compute the 1-loop RGE $\beta$ functions, simplifying generic formulae using constraints of gauge invariance and superpotential structure. We also calculate the 2 loop contributions to the gauge coupling and gaugino mass and indicate how to get full 2 loop results for all couplings. Our method overcomes combinatorial barriers that frustrate computer algebra based attempts to calculate SO(10) $\beta$ functions involving large irreps. Use of the RGEs identifies a perturbative domain $Q < M_E$, where $M_E <M_{Planck}$ is the \emph{scale of emergence} where the NMSGUT, with GUT compatible soft supersymmetry breaking terms emerges from the strong UV dynamics associated with the Landau poles in gauge and Yukawa couplings. Due to the strength of the RG flows the Landau poles for gauge and Yukawa couplings lie near a cutoff scale $\Lambda_E$ for the perturbative dynamics of the NMSGUT which just above $M_E$. SO(10) RG flows into the IR are shown to facilitate small gaugino masses and generation of negative Non Universal Higgs masses squared needed by realistic NMSGUT fits of low energy data. Running the simple canonical theory emergent at $M_E$ through $M_X$ down to the electroweak scale enables tests of candidate scenarios such as supergravity based NMSGUT with canonical kinetic terms and NMSGUT based dynamical Yukawa unification.Comment: 36 pages, 1 Figure, 4 Tables, 77 equations, 42 references, RevTeX4 PDFLateX. Version published in Phys. Rev.

Baryon Stability on the Higgs Dissolution Edge : Threshold corrections and suppression of Baryon violation in the NMSGUT

Superheavy threshold corrections to the matching condition between matter Yukawa couplings of the effective Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and the New Minimal Supersymmetric (SO(10)) GUT(NMSGUT) provide a novel and generic mechanism for reducing the long standing and generically problematic operator dimension 5 Baryon decay rates. In suitable regions of the parameter space strong wave function renormalization of the effective MSSM Higgs doublets due to the large number of heavy fields can take the wave function renormalization of the MSSM Higgs field close to the dissolution value ($Z_{H,\overline{H}}=0$). Rescaling to canonical kinetic terms lowers the SO(10) Yukawas required to match the MSSM fermion data. Since the same Yukawas determine the dimension 5 B violation operator coefficients, the associated rates can be suppressed to levels compatible with current limits. Including these threshold effects also relaxes the constraint $y_b-y_\tau\simeq y_s-y_\mu$ operative between $\textbf{10} -\textbf{120}$ plet generated tree level MSSM matter fermion Yukawas $y_f$. We exhibit accurate fits of the MSSM fermion mass-mixing data in terms of NMSGUT superpotential couplings and 5 independent soft Susy breaking parameters specified at $10^{16.25}\,$ GeV with the claimed suppression of Baryon decay rates. As before, our s-spectra are of the mini split supersymmetry type with large $|A_0|,\mu,m_{H,\overline H} > 100\,\,$ TeV, light gauginos and normal s-hierarchy. Large $A_0,\mu$ and soft masses allow significant deviation from the canonical GUT gaugino mass ratios and ensure vacuum safety. Even without optimization, prominent candidates for BSM discovery such as the muon magnetic anomaly, $b\rightarrow s\gamma$ and Lepto-genesis CP violation emerge in the preferred ball park.Comment: PdfLatex. 50 pages. Version accepted for publication in Nuclear Phys.B(2014). Available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2014.03.003. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1107.296

Studies on Genetic Variability and Heritability in Bulb Onion (Allium cepa L.) in North-Western Plains of India

A study on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance was carried out in bulb onion for 13 traits using 43 accessions. The range of variation was highest for bolting (0 to 51.30%), followed by days to maturity (110 to 155 days) and bulb weight (44 to 87.03g). Values for phenotypic coefficient of variation were higher than corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters studied. Higher heritability estimates were obtained for plant height, leaf length, days to maturity, number of scales per bulb, polar diameter, equatorial diameter and TSS. Bolting, bulb weight, neck-to-bulb ratio and the lachrymatory factor showed moderate heritability, while, lowest values were observed for leaf girth and number of leaves per plant. Genetic advance varied from 0.06 to 21.82 for leaf girth and bolting, respectively

Prevalence of Paramphistomum cervi in different sheep breeds of Balochistan (Pakistan)

The prevalence of Paramphistomum cervi infestation in Balochi, Babrik and Harnai sheep breeds from Balochistan (Pakistan) was studied during September to December 2010. For this purpose, rumen of slaughtered sheep in Quetta City and surroundings (n=1,200) were examined. Results showed significant differences (

Finite element analysis of material flow patterns in friction stir spot welding of AL 6082-T6 using different process parameters and tool geometries

Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, South Africa, 1-4 July, 2007.From application view point simple looking process of Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) works on a complex thermo-mechanical mechanism. The strong inter-dependency of parameters responsible for heat generation and material flow like friction co-efficient, vertical force, rotational speed, tool geometry & dimensions, shear yield strength, conductivity and heat capacity etc. makes it a challenge to investigate the mechanism for FSSW process. At the start of the process, rigid solid behavior of work piece dominates. As the process proceeds, the rise in temperature due to frictional and deformation heat inputs, softens the material and it is assumed that the material transfer under the tool behaves like that of a fluid. In this part of on going research for FSW at IWS, a thermo-fluid coupled, three dimensional and transient model for quasi–steady state condition during FSSW process, is developed. The effects of different process parameters like tool geometries, rotational speed and dwell time on material flow patterns are studied experimentally and modeled, using general purpose FE software package MSC Marc®. The predicted results of the Finite Element study in terms of fluid velocity profile, nugget size and shape are compared with experimental observations carried out at IWS laboratories of TU Graz.cs201

Insight into Two ABC Transporter Families Involved in Lantibiotic Resistance

Antimicrobial peptides, which contain (methyl)-lanthionine-rings are called lantibiotics. They are produced by several Gram-positive bacteria and are mainly active against these bacteria. Although these are highly potent antimicrobials, some human pathogenic bacteria express specific ABC transporters that confer resistance and counteract their antimicrobial activity. Two distinct ABC transporter families are known to be involved in this process. These are the Cpr- and Bce-type ABC transporter families, named after their involvement in cationic peptide resistance in Clostridium difficile, and bacitracin efflux in Bacillus subtilis, respectively. Both resistance systems differentiate to each other in terms of the proteins involved. Here, we summarize the current knowledge and describe the divergence as well as the common features present in both the systems to confer lantibiotic resistance