Decellularized Matrix from Tumorigenic Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Neovascularization with Galectin-1 Dependent Endothelial Interaction

BACKGROUND: Acquisition of a blood supply is fundamental for extensive tumor growth. We recently described vascular heterogeneity in tumours derived from cell clones of a human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) strain (hMSC-TERT20) immortalized by retroviral vector mediated human telomerase (hTERT) gene expression. Histological analysis showed that cells of the most vascularized tumorigenic clone, -BD11 had a pericyte-like alpha smooth muscle actin (ASMA+) and CD146+ positive phenotype. Upon serum withdrawal in culture, -BD11 cells formed cord-like structures mimicking capillary morphogenesis. In contrast, cells of the poorly tumorigenic clone, -BC8 did not stain for ASMA, tumours were less vascularized and serum withdrawal in culture led to cell death. By exploring the heterogeneity in hMSC-TERT20 clones we aimed to understand molecular mechanisms by which mesenchymal stem cells may promote neovascularization. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Quantitative qRT-PCR analysis revealed similar mRNA levels for genes encoding the angiogenic cytokines VEGF and Angiopoietin-1 in both clones. However, clone-BD11 produced a denser extracellular matrix that supported stable ex vivo capillary morphogenesis of human endothelial cells and promoted in vivo neovascularization. Proteomic characterization of the -BD11 decellularized matrix identified 50 extracellular angiogenic proteins, including galectin-1. siRNA knock down of galectin-1 expression abrogated the ex vivo interaction between decellularized -BD11 matrix and endothelial cells. More stable shRNA knock down of galectin-1 expression did not prevent -BD11 tumorigenesis, but greatly reduced endothelial migration into -BD11 cell xenografts. CONCLUSIONS: Decellularized hMSC matrix had significant angiogenic potential with at least 50 angiogenic cell surface and extracellular proteins, implicated in attracting endothelial cells, their adhesion and activation to form tubular structures. hMSC -BD11 surface galectin-1 expression was required to bring about matrix-endothelial interactions and for xenografted hMSC -BD11 cells to optimally recruit host vasculature

ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery

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Risk Factors for Postoperative Urinary Retention After Endoscopic Hernia Repair: Age and Unilateral Operation make the Difference

BACKGROUND: Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a common complication after inguinal hernia repair that may result in catheter-related infections or injuries, longer hospital stays, and thus, higher overall costs. Our aim was to assess the incidence of POUR after endoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair and identify its risk factors. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all data that were included in a prospective Hernia Database for patients undergoing a TEP inguinal hernia repair at our institution between July 2012 and May 2018. POUR was defined as the inability to urinate spontaneously after surgery, thus requiring a bladder catheter. RESULTS: Data from 1570 patients were included. Sixty-five patients developed POUR, which was an incidence of 4.1%. In the univariate analysis, patients over 50 years of age (1.6% vs. 5.5%), patients with higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (ASA-1 2.7% vs. ASA-3 12.5%), previous prostate surgery (3.9% vs. 10.9%), unilateral operation (1.9% vs. 6.0%), and intraoperative drain placement (2.1% vs. 4.9%) developed POUR more often than younger patients. After multivariate adjustment, advanced age and unilateral surgery remained risk factors for POUR. CONCLUSION: Advanced age and unilateral inguinal hernia repair, possibly due to a lack of catheterization, were risk factors for POUR. Due to increasing outpatient inguinal hernia repairs worldwide, it is imperative to identify patients who are at risk of POUR to apply prophylactic measures and reduce readmission, and thus, reduce health-care costs

Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness in Former Preterm and Full-Term Infants Aged From 4 to 10 Years

PURPOSE. The aim of the study was to investigate peripapillary choroidal thickness in former preterm and full-term infants with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS. Subanalysis of infants with successful peripapillary choroidal thickness measurements of a prospective, controlled, cross-sectional, hospital-based study in a tertiary center of maximum care. The study examined 503 infants aged 4 to 10 years at the time of examination. Infants were divided into different groups: group 1 born with gestational age (GA) >= 37 weeks, group 2 born with GA between 29 and 32 weeks without ROP (retinopathy of prematurity), group 3 born with GA <= 28 weeks without ROP, and group 4 born with GA <= 32 weeks and presence of ROP. RESULTS. Peripapillary choroidal measurements were available for 388 of 503 participants. No significant differences were found among the four groups for global peripapillary choroidal thickness. Multivariable analysis revealed no association with low GA, birth weight, ROP occurrence, perinatal adverse events, and logMAR visual acuity. Only infants born small for GA (SGA) revealed peripapillary choroidal thinning in the superior (P = 0.033) and nasal (P = 0.024) sectors compared with infants born appropriate for GA (AGA). Infants SGA had lower visual acuity than AGA infants (0.03 +/- 0.07 logMAR SGA versus 0.01 +/- 0.05 logMAR AGA; P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS. Our results indicate that prematurity itself does not affect choroidal thickness in the peripapillary region. Only infants born SGA revealed peripapillary choroidal thinning compared with AGA infants. Our data indicate that fetal growth restriction leads to choroidal long-term alterations in the peripapillary region

Rising Football Generation in the Debreceni Vasutas Sport Club: Organisational tasks, Problems, Successes

Szakdolgozatomban a Debreceni Vasutas Sport Club-nál működő utánpótlás nevelési rendszert elemzem. A dolgozat fő irányvonalát a sportszervezési feladatok képezik, de kitérek a releváns edzéselméleti háttérre is. A DVSC két utánpótlás nevelő szervezetét vizsgálom ezen szempontok alapján: a Loki Focisulit és a Debreceni Labdarúgó Akadémiát.BSc/BASportszervező sza

Corneal Aberrations in Former Preterm Infants: Results From The Wiesbaden Prematurity Study

PURPOSE. To compare corneal aberrations in former preterm infants to that of full-term infants. METHODS. A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out measuring the corneal shape with Scheimpflug imaging in former preterm infants of gestational age (GA) = 37 weeks now being aged between 4 to 10 years. The main outcome measures were corneal aberrations including astigmatism (Zernike: Z(-2)(2); Z(2)(2)), coma (Z(-1)(3); Z(1)(3)), trefoil (Z(-3)(3); Z(3)(3)), spherical aberration (Z(0)(4)) and root-mean square of higher-order aberrations (RMS HOA). Multivariable analysis was performed to assess independent associations of gestational age groups and of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) occurrence with corneal aberrations adjusting for sex and age at examination. RESULTS. A total of 259 former full-term and 226 preterm infants with a mean age of 7.2 +/- 2.0 years were included in this study. Statistical analysis revealed an association of extreme prematurity (GA <= 28 weeks) with higher-order and lower-order aberrations of the total cornea. Vertical coma was higher in extreme prematurity (P < 0.001), due to the shape of the anterior corneal surface, while there was no association with trefoil and spherical aberration. ROP was not associated with higher-order aberrations when adjusted for gestational age group. CONCLUSIONS. This study demonstrated that specific corneal aberrations were associated with extreme prematurity rather than with ROP occurrence

Correlation of morphological parameters and visual acuity with neurological development in former preterm children aged 4-10 years

Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between visual acuity, peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL), retinal thickness at the fovea and other factors with the neurologic status of former preterm children. Methods Results In this cross-sectional hospital based study in a maximum care tertiary centre, detailed anthropometric and ophthalmological data of former preterm children ranging from 4 to 10 years of age with a gestational age (GA) <= 32 weeks were assessed. Analyses of the correlation between pRNFL and foveal thickness, as well as visual acuity (VA) parameters at 4-10 years of age, with neurological development were evaluated at 2 years of age by Bayley Scales II of Infant Development, including Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) and Mental Developmental Index (MDI). Data were available for 106 former preterm children. Univariate analysis revealed a correlation between PDI with pRNFL thickness (B = 0.43; p = 0.013), VA (B = -29.2; p < 0.001), GA (B = 2.7; p = 0.002), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP; B = -16.3; p < 0.001) and intraventricular haemorrhages (IVH; B = -22.9; p < 0.001) but not with strabismus or foveal thickness. In the multivariable analysis, the association remained for visual acuity and IVH, but not for pRNFL thickness or ROP. Mental Developmental Index (MDI) was associated with visual acuity (B = -34.3; p = 0.001), GA (B = 2.53; p = 0.02) and IVH (B = -15.4; p = 0.02), the latter also in the multivariable analysis. Conclusion This study revealed an association between PDI at 2 years of age and lower visual acuity later in childhood. However, there was no correlation between retinal morphology and neurologic outcome in former preterm children after adjusting for several potential confounders

Prevalence and associated factors of strabismus in former preterm and full-term infants between 4 and 10 Years of age

Background: Limited data exist collating most of the associated factors for strabismus in one analysis. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of strabismus and to analyse associated factors in former preterm and full-term infants. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 239 former preterm infants with gestational age (GA) = 37 weeks underwent detailed ophthalmologic examination in the age of 4-10 years and perinatal data assessment for risk factor analysis. Ophthalmologic examinations included cover testing, best corrected visual acuity, cycloplegic objective refraction, slit lamp as well as fundus examinations. For association analysis with strabismus, the following data was collected and included in multivariable analysis: sex, age at examination, anisometropia, myopic and hyperopic refractive error (>= 3 dioptres), astigmatism, birth weight percentile, gestational age, retinopathy of prematurity occurrence, maternal age at childbirth, mother smoking, breastfeeding < 3 months, artificial ventilation, intraventricular bleeding, and other perinatal adverse events. Results: Overall, 4/264 (2%) full-term infants, 15/125 (12%) preterm-infants with GA 29-32 weeks without ROP, 13/59 (22%) preterm infants with GA <= 28 weeks without ROP and 14/55 (26%) with GA <= 32 weeks with retinopathy of prematurity were affected by strabismus. In the multivariable regression model strabismus was associated with GA (OR = 0.84 per week; p = 0.001), hyperopic refractive error (OR = 4.22; p = 0.002) and astigmatism (OR = 1.68; p = 0.02). Conclusion: This investigation highlights that low gestational age and refraction of the eye are independent risk factors for strabismus, while the other factors show less independent influence