Measurement of Farmers’ Attitude towards Complete Ownership of Farmland in Eastern Ethiopia

The aim of this study was developing a scale with which to measure farmers’ attitude towards complete ownership of farmland. The research started by identifying 50 different statements based on review of the empirical literature and information obtained from stakeholders and experts. Of these statements, 30 items were selected and ultimately only 12 consistent and reliable statements were retained for inclusion in a five point Likert type scale. The 12 statements’ scale was administered on 335 randomly selected sample farmers to measure their attitude towards complete ownership of farmland. The result shows that about 85% and 9% of the respondents were favoring and disfavoring complete ownership of farmland, respectively. Only 6% of the sample respondents were undecided in terms of their preference for the complete ownership of farmland. This detailed study together with strict follow-up of data collection from the sample respondents has been extremely useful in developing a relatively consistent tool to measure farmers’ attitude. Therefore, the 12- item five point Likert scale can be applicable in similar situations of Ethiopia in particular, and in developing countries in general.attitudes, farmers’ attitude, Likert scale, item generation and analysis, complete ownership of farmland, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use,

Voltammetric determination of nicotine in cigarette tobacco at electrochemically activated glassy carbon electrode

The electrochemical behavior of nicotine was investigated using cyclic and square wave voltammetric techniques. Electrochemical activation of glassy carbon electrode significantly increased the oxidation peak current of nicotine compared to the bare glassy carbon. At the activated glassy carbon electrode, the square wave voltammetry of nicotine revealed an oxidation peak at +838 mV (vs. SCE) in phosphate buffer solution of pH 7. Under optimized conditions, the linear range (R2 = 0.998) and detection limit (3σ) for nicotine determination were found to be 1-200 µM and 0.7 µM, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of nicotine in two brands of commercial cigarettes and acceptable recovery values of 97-108% were found. KEY WORDS: Nicotine, Activated glassy carbon, Square wave voltammetry, Cigarette Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2013, 27(3), 321-328.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v27i3.

Rentabilitas Usaha pada Industri Bawang Goreng Sal-Han di Kota Palu Sulawesi Tengah

Kebijakan pembangunan pertanian di Indonesia saat ini diarahkan pada modernisasi yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil dan mutu produksi dalam rangka peningkatan pendapatan sekaligus peningkatan taraf hidup masyarakat. Salah satu komoditi andalan khususnya di Kota Palu yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani adalah komoditi bawang merah lokal Palu. Hasil olahan bawang merah lokal Palu dikenal dengan produk bawang goreng Palu yang memiliki kekhasan cita rasa tersendiri sehingga produk ini berbeda dengan bawang goreng hasil daerah lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui besarnya pendapatan bawang goreng Sal-Han di Kota Palu dari kesuluruhan modal yang digunakan dan untuk mengetahui besar kecilnya angka rentabilitas ekonomi dan rentabilitas modal sendiri pada industri bawang goreng Sal-Han, berdasarkan penambahan modal pinjaman. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada industri bawang goreng Sal-Han di Kota Palu. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan sengaja (Purpossive) dalam hal ini industri bawang goreng Sal-Han. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis penyusutan, analisis pendapatan dan analisis rentabilitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penambahan modal pinjaman sebesar Rp 100.000.000 dengan tingkat bunga 19,6% pertahun, industri bawang goreng Sal-Han memperoleh nilai rata-rata rentabilitas ekonomi sebesar 40,65%, artinya bahwa setiap penambahan modal sebanyak Rp 100 akan menghasilkan keuntungan sebesar Rp 40,65,-, sementara nilai rentabilitas modal sendiri menghasilkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 41,31%, hal ini berarti setiap penambahan Rp 100 akan mengahasilkan keuntungan sebesar Rp 41,31,-

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among urban dwellers in southwest Ethiopia

No Abstract. The Ethiopian Journal of Health Development Vol. 21 (1) 2007: pp. 12-1

Effect of a Manager Training and Certification Program on Food Safety and Hygiene in Food Service Operations

Food safety is an important public health issue in the U.S. Eating at restaurants and other food service facilities increasingly has been associated with food borne disease outbreaks. Food safety training and certification of food mangers has been used as a method for reducing food safety violations at food service facilities. However, the literature is inconclusive about the effectiveness of such training programs for improving food safety and protecting consumer health. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of food manger training on reducing food safety violations. We examined food inspection reports from the Toledo/Lucas County Health Department (Ohio) from March 2005 through February 2006 and compared food hygiene violations between food service facilities with certified and without certified food managers. We also examined the impact on food safety of a food service facility being part of a larger group of facilities

Aspergilloma of the lungs: Operative experience from Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia

Background: Pulmonary aspergilloma represents a potentially life-threatening disease caused by saprophytic growth of Aspergillus fumigates in pulmonary cavities. This is the first report of its operative treatment from Ethiopia.The aim of this study was to determine the clinical presentations, operative treatments and post operative outcome of patients with pulmonary aspergilloma.Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients’ record with post operative diagnosis of pulmonary aspergilloma treated over a period of three years between April 2005-March 2008 at The Tikur Anbessa hospital which is a teaching and referral hospital in Addis Ababa.Results: Eleven patients were included, 81.8% of whom were males. Cough and hemoptysis were the two most common presenting symptoms, occurring in 11(100%) and 10(90.9%). The chest x-ray features typical for aspergilloma was seen in only 4(36.4%). The left lung was involved in 8(72.75%) and the upper lobes were the most commonly affected lobes occurring in 10 (90.9%). The most frequent clinical indication for surgery was severe hemoptysis in 8 (72.75%). Left upper lobectomy was the most frequently performed surgery in 4(36.4%) and left pneumonectomy in 3(27.3%). Four significant complications occurred in the postoperative period and one patient died, making the postoperative mortality 9.1%. Histopathologic confirmation of the fungal ball was possible in 10 patients and the most common underlying cavitary disease was tuberculosis in 9(90%).Conclusion: Aspergilloma is not an uncommon disease in Ethiopia and the diagnosis should be considered in patients who present with hemoptysis or chronic non-resolving cough. Surgery for pulmonary aspergilloma accounted for 5.8% of all thoracotomies done at the hospital and we have adopted the policy of early surgical treatment for all cases. In our series, the commonest lung pathology behind the aspergillus lesions was cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis, similar to many reports. Since the typical x/ray finding is not present in all patients, we believe that a supportive x/ray finding is sufficient enough an investigation to decide on early surgery in patients who present with suggestive symptoms

Analysis of the determinants of small-scale farmers’ grain market participations in Ethiopia: The contribution of transaction costs

The paper is based on data collected in 2007/08 by IFPRI on smallholder market participation in Ethiopia from a random cross-section sample of 1577 households, with a focus on staple food grains and the effects of transaction and non-transaction costs on output market participations as a buyer and a seller. The multivariate Probit and multivariate Tobit models were used to identify the determinants of market participation regimes. The results indicated that demographic characteristics of the households (age and dependency ratio), production assets (own and rented-in land and oxen), land characteristics, volume of production, and households income diversification (livestock and non-farm income) affected both sellers and buyers. Transaction costs associated with ownership of donkey and access to road and market explained the variation of market participations. Regional characteristics (distances, agro-climatic conditions, etc.) also highly affected the market participation of the households.Keywords: Ethiopia; market participation; multivariate Tobit; multivariate Probit; transaction cost

Analisis Titik Pulang Pokok USAha Furniture Rotan Pada Industri Irma Jaya Di Kota Palu

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa besarbiaya produksi yang digunkan oleh Industri Irma Jaya, mengetahui penerimaan yang diperoleh dalam kurun waktu satu bulan, mengetahui besarnya produksi yang dihasilkan dan biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk mencapai titik pulang pokok dan untuk mengetahui Margin of Safety pada Industri Irma Jaya agar tetap memperoleh laba.Responden dalam penelitian yakni pimpinan dan tenaga kerja Industri Irma Jaya.Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas data primer dan data skunder.Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis titik pulang pokok. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa analisis titik pulang pokok untuk produk kursi mersi adalah 1 set dengan harga Rp 596.131,52/set, penerimaannya sebesar 5.691.315,15 total biayanya sebesar Rp 5.691.315,15 Margin of Safety (MoS) untuk produk kursi mersi adalah 90%, sedangkan hasil analisis titik pulang pokok untuk produk kursi keong adalah 2 set dengan harga Rp 531.760,695/set, penerimaannya sebesar Rp 10.635.213,80 dan total biayanya sebesar Rp 10.635.213,80 dan Margin of Safety (MoS)untuk produk kursi keong adalah 90%

Analisis Titik Pulang Pokok USAha Budidaya Lebah Madu “Jaya Makmur” di Desa Jono Oge Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru Kabupaten Sigi

This research was supposed to know amount of acquired profit and expended cost, to know a number of manufactured products and acquired income at breaking event point, and to know margin of safety therefore honey bee farming “Jaya Makmur” still got some profits. This research was coducted at honey bee farming “Jaya Makmur” in Jono Oge village, District of Sigi Biromaru, and Regency of Sigi on June to July 2015. Respondens are consisted of two person; they are the owner and the employee of honey bee farming “Jaya Makmur” were: (1) the acquired incomes of honey bee farming “Jaya Makmur” were: (a) for product of honey 850mg in amount of IDR 2.860.000/mount with production cost IDR 1.684.267/mount which generated profit in amount of IDR 1.175.733/mount. (b) for product of honey 400mg in amount of IDR 3.055.000/mount with production cost IDR 1.699.130/mount which generated profit in amount of IDR 1.355.870/mount. (2) the break event point for product of honey 850mg were achieve at production volume in total number 111 bottles with the price in amount of IDR 130.000/bottle, thus, the value of acquired income was IDR 1.430.000/mount. The break event point for product of honey 4050mg were achieve at production volume in total number 23 bottles with the price in amount of IDR 65.000/bottle the value of acquired income was IDR 1.495.000/mount. (3) margin of safety for product of honey 850mg was amount of 50.00% and for product of honey 450mg was in amount of 51.06%, which meant the maximum limited distance of decreasing sell of the second selling product was in ratio of MoS, therefore during the selling product was not decreased more than ratio MoS that meant this cultivation receive some profit