Bioactive compounds recovery optimization from vine pruning residues using conventional heating and microwave-assisted extraction methods

Polyphenol compounds from vine pruning residue (VPR) were extracted by conventional heating and microwave-assisted treatments. For each treatment, total phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity were optimized by experimental design. Maximal extraction of polyphenolic compounds (2.17g/100g VPR) was obtained at 80°C, 120min and 45% of ethanol by conventional heating, and 2.37g/100g of VPR were extracted by microwave-assisted process at 120°C, 5min and 60% of ethanol. Ellagic acid and apigenin were the predominant polyphenolic compounds in the extracts, achieving concentration of 68.65 and 208.23mg/100g VPR, respectively for conventional heating and 185.15 and 118.84mg/100g of VPR for microwave-assisted treatment. The results showed reduction of extraction time and energy consumption for microwave-assisted treatment leading to cost-effective technology for the extraction of polyphenol compounds. Furthermore, the results hereby compiled allow for the tailor-made extraction of specific high-value compounds from a renewable biomass as vine pruning residue.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2019 unitBioTecNorte operation(NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do NorteInternational Cooperation Program CNPq/CSFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Impact of Head of Bed Elevation on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Cervical Collar Applied Healthy Volunteers

Background: Guidelines recommend placing a cervical collar (c-collar) until spinal injury is excluded. Previous studies have shown that c-collar placement increases intracranial pressure (ICP), which can worsen outcomes for trauma patients who are at risk of increased ICP. Head of bed elevation (HBE) has been found to decrease ICP. However, there is no consensus in the literature for the optimal degree of HBE to decrease ICP. Objective: We aimed to find an optimal HBE degree to decrease ICP to its baseline values in healthy volunteers with increased ICP caused by c-collar. Methods: This is a randomized controlled and blinded study performed in healthy volunteers. Two sonographers measured the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) of each subject's eyes separately for different time points. Then, we calculated a mean ONSD value for five time points: before c-collar placement (T-0), 5 and 20 min in supine position after c-collar placement (T-5 and T-20), and 5 and 20 min after HBE (T-25 and T-40). We randomized the subjects into three groups of HBE: 15, 30, and 45 degrees, and compared the mean ONSD values among groups. Results: All groups were similar with regard to baseline demographics and ONSD measurements before HBE. We found significant increases in mean ONSD values at T-5 and at T-20 caused by the c-collar. Thirty and forty-five degrees of HBE for 20 min decreased ONSD to its baseline values. The inter-rater reliability of the sonographers was > 0.9. Conclusions: Our results show that c-collar increases ONSD in healthy volunteers. Elevating the head of the bed 30 and 45 degrees for 20 min decreased ONSD to baseline values. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

No suspicion, no disease! renal infarction: Case series

PubMed: 25433479[No abstract available

No suspicion, no disease! renal infarction: Case series

[No abstract available