Korean to English Translation Using Synchronous TAGs

It is often argued that accurate machine translation requires reference to contextual knowledge for the correct treatment of linguistic phenomena such as dropped arguments and accurate lexical selection. One of the historical arguments in favor of the interlingua approach has been that, since it revolves around a deep semantic representation, it is better able to handle the types of linguistic phenomena that are seen as requiring a knowledge-based approach. In this paper we present an alternative approach, exemplified by a prototype system for machine translation of English and Korean which is implemented in Synchronous TAGs. This approach is essentially transfer based, and uses semantic feature unification for accurate lexical selection of polysemous verbs. The same semantic features, when combined with a discourse model which stores previously mentioned entities, can also be used for the recovery of topicalized arguments. In this paper we concentrate on the translation of Korean to English.Comment: ps file. 8 page

Electrochemical power sources. 1. Rechargeable batteries

The pressing need to alleviate our urban airquality has provided the impetus for electric vehicles. Over the years, a great deal of research and development work has been carried out, and is still underway, on all aspects of electric vehicles especially on improving the power sources, namely the re-chargeable batteries, fuel cells and electrochemical supercapacitors. The developments in rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles are reflected in this part of the article while fuel cells and electrochemical supercapacitors will be described in Part 2 of the article

Staged Reading of the Play The Visitor

New York City, 1985. A rabidly anti-Semitic member of the German Reichstag comes to preach. Assigned to protect him: a specially selected band of NYC policemen, all Jewish.https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/bennettcenter-posters/1308/thumbnail.jp

Monitoring sealed automotive lead-acid batteries by sparse-impedance spectroscopy

A reliable diagnostics of lead-acid batteries would become mandatory with the induction of an improved power net and the increase of electrically assisted features in future automobiles. Sparse-impedance spectroscopic technique described in this paper estimates the internal resistance of sealed automotive lead-acid batteries in the frequency range 10 Hz-10 kHz, usually produced by the alternators fitted in the automobiles. The state-of-health of the battery could be monitored from its internal resistance

Using Community-Owned Resource Persons to Provide Early Diagnosis and Treatment and Estimate Malaria Burden at Community Level in North-Eastern Tanzania.

Although early diagnosis and prompt treatment is an important strategy for control of malaria, using fever to initiate presumptive treatment with expensive artemisinin combination therapy is a major challenge; particularly in areas with declining burden of malaria. This study was conducted using community-owned resource persons (CORPs) to provide early diagnosis and treatment of malaria, and collect data for estimation of malaria burden in four villages of Korogwe district, north-eastern Tanzania.In 2006, individuals with history of fever within 24 hours or fever (axillary temperature ≥37.5°C) at presentation were presumptively treated using sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine. Between 2007 and 2010, individuals aged five years and above, with positive rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were treated with artemether/lumefantrine (AL) while under-fives were treated irrespective of RDT results. Reduction in anti-malarial consumption was determined by comparing the number of cases that would have been presumptively treated and those that were actually treated based on RDTs results. Trends of malaria incidence and slide positivity rates were compared between lowlands and highlands. Of 15,729 cases attended, slide positivity rate was 20.4% and declined by >72.0% from 2008, reaching <10.0% from 2009 onwards; and the slide positivity rates were similar in lowlands and highlands from 2009 onwards. Cases with fever at presentation declined slightly, but remained at >40.0% in under-fives and >20.0% among individuals aged five years and above. With use of RDTs, cases treated with AL decreased from <58.0% in 2007 to <11.0% in 2010 and the numbers of adult courses saved were 3,284 and 1,591 in lowlands and highlands respectively. Malaria incidence declined consistently from 2008 onwards; and the highest incidence of malaria shifted from children aged <10 years to individuals aged 10-19 years from 2009. With basic training, supervision and RDTs, CORPs successfully provided early diagnosis and treatment and reduced consumption of anti-malarials. Progressively declining malaria incidence and slide positivity rates suggest that all fever cases should be tested with RDTs before treatment. Data collected by CORPs was used to plan phase 1b MSP3 malaria vaccine trial and will be used for monitoring and evaluation of different health interventions. The current situation indicates that there is a remarkable changing pattern of malaria and these areas might be moving from control to pre-elimination levels

Difference Analysis of the Implementation of Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding Between Private and Public Hospitals in District of Kudus

Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (TSSB) is a key of successful exclusive breastfeeding. Theimplementation of TSSB at hospitals in District of Kudus was influenced by a difference bureaucraticsystem between private and public hospitals. This research aimed to analyze the difference of theTSSB implementation for successful breastfeeding between private and public hospitals in Districtof Kudus.This was qualitative research. Main informants encompassed head of childbirth room, midwives ofMaternal and Child Health, 2 obstetricians, and 3 midwives at post-natal room. Meanwhile,informants for triangulation purpose encompassed director, manager of nursing, 3 post-natalpatients, and 2 pregnant women at each hospital. Data were collected by in-depth interview andanalysed using a method of content analysis.The result of this research showed that some differences of the implementation of TSSB betweenprivate and public hospitals were as follows: at private hospitals, there was any formula milkwithout indication, joined treatment room was still partial (2 hours a day), and there was lack ofsupport for mother in providing breastfeeding in accordance with babies' need. In addition, therewas any dot and there was no a support group of breastfeeding. These problems were due to limitationof resource, low commitment of an implementer, and lack of external environment support. In contrast,public hospitals had not provided information to pregnant women and had not formed a supportgroup of breastfeeding. These problems were due to limitation of resource particularly funding fortraining and providing information media.As suggestions, private hospitals need to improve midwifery services in accordance with a standardof a hospital accreditation system from the government. In addition, public hospital need to increasefunds for training and providing information media

Status Gizi pada Ibu Hamil sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah (Studi di Kecamatan Bandung Kabupaten Tulungagung)

Infants with low birth weight (LBW) had 35 times higher risk of death compared to infants of normal birth weight (NBW). Genesis Babies With Low Birth Weight (LBW) were associated to maternal age, height, birth space, parity, Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) and anemia. This study aimed to prove that the nutritional status of pregnant women was a risk factor for low birth weight infants in Bandung District of Tulungagung. This research is an analytic observational case-control design using a retrospective approach. Subjects were 39 cases of mothers who delivered LBW babies and 78 control mothers who delivered NBW babies. Data hemoglobin levels and mid upper arm circumference of the mother were gathered from the mother\u27s health books (book of MCH). Data on energy sufficiency level, protein adequacy level, and iron intake were obtained from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Data analyzed by chi square test. The results of this study concluded that anemia (OR = 4.4 95% CI 1.36 to 14.28), upper arm circumference &lt;23.5 cm (OR = 4.2 95% CI 1.38 to 12.55), iron intake (OR = 3.5: 95% CI 1.51 to 7.99), protein adequacy level (OR = 3.4 95% CI 1.45 to 7.83), energy sufficiency level (OR = 3.2 95% CI 1.31 to 7.64), and the observance of iron tablet consumption (OR = 3.0: 1.09 to 8.49), are risk factors for the incidence of low birth weight (LBW ). And from the results, the average for mid upper arm circumference 23.7 cm ± 0.81, while the average hemoglobin level of 11, 7 g/dl ± 1.115. It is concluded that the arm circumference &lt;23.5 cm and anemia in trimester three strongest risk factors of LBW

PAPR Reduction and Sidelobe Suppression in Cognitive OFDM - A Survey

Cognitive radio (CR) is one of the key technology providing a new way to enhance the utilization of available spectrum effectively. The multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique which is widely used is Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system, is an excellent choice for high data rate application. The main two limitations of this technology is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of transmission signal and large spectrum sidelobe. This article describes some of the important PAPR reduction techniques and sidelobe suppression techniques

iPLA2β: front and center in human monocyte chemotaxis to MCP-1

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) directs migration of blood monocytes to inflamed tissues. Despite the central role of chemotaxis in immune responses, the regulation of chemotaxis by signal transduction pathways and their in vivo significance remain to be thoroughly deciphered. In this study, we examined the intracellular location and functions of two recently identified regulators of chemotaxis, Ca2+-independent phospholipase (iPLA2β) and cytosolic phospholipase (cPLA2α), and substantiate their in vivo importance. These enzymes are cytoplasmic in unstimulated monocytes. Upon MCP-1 stimulation, iPLA2β is recruited to the membrane-enriched pseudopod. In contrast, cPLA2α is recruited to the endoplasmic reticulum. Although iPLA2β or cPLA2α antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN)–treated monocytes display reduced speed, iPLA2β also regulates directionality and actin polymerization. iPLA2β or cPLA2α antisense ODN–treated adoptively transferred mouse monocytes display a profound defect in migration to the peritoneum in vivo. These converging observations reveal that iPLA2β and cPLA2α regulate monocyte migration from different intracellular locations, with iPLA2β acting as a critical regulator of the cellular compass, and identify them as potential targets for antiinflammatory strategies

Power in Pairs: Assessing the Statistical Value of Paired Samples in Tests for Differential Expression

Background: When genomics researchers design a high-throughput study to test for differential expression, some biological systems and research questions provide opportunities to use paired samples from subjects, and researchers can plan for a certain proportion of subjects to have paired samples. We consider the effect of this paired samples proportion on the statistical power of the study, using characteristics of both count (RNA-Seq) and continuous (microarray) expression data from a colorectal cancer study. Results: We demonstrate that a higher proportion of subjects with paired samples yields higher statistical power, for various total numbers of samples, and for various strengths of subject-level confounding factors. In the design scenarios considered, the statistical power in a fully-paired design is substantially (and in many cases several times) greater than in an unpaired design. Conclusions: For the many biological systems and research questions where paired samples are feasible and relevant, substantial statistical power gains can be achieved at the study design stage when genomics researchers plan on using paired samples from the largest possible proportion of subjects. Any cost savings in a study design with unpaired samples are likely accompanied by underpowered and possibly biased results