8,055 research outputs found
Decoherence and the conditions for the classical control of quantum systems
We find the conditions for one quantum system to function as a classical
controller of another quantum system: the controller must be an open system and
rapidly diagonalised in the basis of the controller variable that is coupled to
the controlled system. This causes decoherence in the controlled system that
can be made small if the rate of diagonalisation is fast. We give a detailed
example based on the quantum optomechanical control of a mechanical resonator.
The resulting equations are similar in structure to recently proposed models
for consistently combining quantum and classical stochastic dynamics
Lower limit on the achievable temperature in resonator-based sideband cooling
A resonator can be effectively used as a cooler for another linear oscillator
with a much smaller frequency. A huge cooling effect, which could be used to
cool a mechanical oscillator below the energy of quantum fluctuations, has been
predicted by several authors. However, here we show that there is a lower limit
T* on the achievable temperature that was not considered in previous works and
can be higher than the quantum limit in realistic experimental realizations. We
also point out that the decay rate of the resonator, which previous studies
stress should be small, must be larger than the decay rate of the cooled
oscillator for effective cooling.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, uses psfra
Survival of a diffusing particle in an expanding cage
We consider a Brownian particle, with diffusion constant D, moving inside an
expanding d-dimensional sphere whose surface is an absorbing boundary for the
particle. The sphere has initial radius L_0 and expands at a constant rate c.
We calculate the joint probability density, p(r,t|r_0), that the particle
survives until time t, and is at a distance r from the centre of the sphere,
given that it started at a distance r_0 from the centre.Comment: 5 page
Time-resolved noise of adiabatic quantum pumps
We investigate quantum-statistical correlation properties of a periodically
driven mesoscopic scatterer on a time-scale shorter than the period of a drive.
In this limit the intrinsic quantum fluctuations in the system of fermions are
the main source of a noise. Nevertheless the effect of a slow periodic drive is
clearly visible in a two-time current-current correlation function as a
specific periodic in time modulation. In the limit of a strong drive such a
modulation can change the sign of a current correlation function.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure
Smooth potentials with prescribed boundary behaviour
This paper examines when it is possible to find a smooth potential on a domain with prescribed normal derivatives at the boundary. It is shown that this is always possible when is a Liapunov-Dini domain, and this restriction on is essential. An application concerning superharmonic extension is given
The dynamics of loop formation in a semiflexible polymer
The dynamics of loop formation by linear polymer chains has been a topic of
several theoretical/experimental studies. Formation of loops and their opening
are key processes in many important biological processes. Loop formation in
flexible chains has been extensively studied by many groups. However, in the
more realistic case of semiflexible polymers, not much results are available.
In a recent study (K. P. Santo and K. L. Sebastian, Phys. Rev. E, \textbf{73},
031293 (2006)), we investigated opening dynamics of semiflexible loops in the
short chain limit and presented results for opening rates as a function of the
length of the chain. We presented an approximate model for a semiflexible
polymer in the rod limit, based on a semiclassical expansion of the bending
energy of the chain. The model provided an easy way to describe the dynamics.
In this paper, using this model, we investigate the reverse process, i.e., the
loop formation dynamics of a semiflexible polymer chain by describing the
process as a diffusion-controlled reaction. We perform a detailed
multidimensional analysis of the problem and calculate closing times for a
semiflexible chain which leads to results that are physically expected. Such a
multidimensional analysis leading to these results does not seem to exist in
the literature so far.Comment: 37 pages 4 figure
Dynamical instabilities of Bose-Einstein condensates at the band-edge in one-dimensional optical lattices
We report on experiments that demonstrate dynamical instability in a
Bose-Einstein condensate at the band-edge of a one-dimensional optical lattice.
The instability manifests as rapid depletion of the condensate and conversion
to a thermal cloud. We consider the collisional processes that can occur in
such a system, and perform numerical modeling of the experiments using both a
mean-field and beyond mean-field approach. We compare our numerical results to
the experimental data, and find that the Gross-Pitaevskii equation is not able
to describe this experiment. Our beyond mean-field approach, known as the
truncated Wigner method, allows us to make quantitative predictions for the
processes of parametric growth and thermalization that are observed in the
laboratory, and we find good agreement with the experimental results.Comment: v2: Added several reference
Dynamics and statistical mechanics of ultra-cold Bose gases using c-field techniques
We review phase space techniques based on the Wigner representation that
provide an approximate description of dilute ultra-cold Bose gases. In this
approach the quantum field evolution can be represented using equations of
motion of a similar form to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation but with stochastic
modifications that include quantum effects in a controlled degree of
approximation. These techniques provide a practical quantitative description of
both equilibrium and dynamical properties of Bose gas systems. We develop
versions of the formalism appropriate at zero temperature, where quantum
fluctuations can be important, and at finite temperature where thermal
fluctuations dominate. The numerical techniques necessary for implementing the
formalism are discussed in detail, together with methods for extracting
observables of interest. Numerous applications to a wide range of phenomena are
presented.Comment: 110 pages, 32 figures. Updated to address referee comments. To appear
in Advances in Physic
Cooperative Jahn-Teller Distortion in PrO2
We report neutron diffraction data on single crystal PrO2 which reveal a
cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion at TD = 120 +/- 2 K. Below this temperature
an internal distortion of the oxygen sublattice causes the unit cell of the
crystallographic structure to become doubled along one crystal axis. We discuss
several possible models for this structure. The antiferromagnetic structure
below TN = 13.5 K is found to consist of two components, one of which shares
the same doubled unit cell as the distorted crystallographic structure. We also
present measurements of the magnetic susceptibility, the specific heat capacity
and the electrical conductivity of PrO2. The susceptibility data show an
anomaly at a temperature close to TD. From the specific heat capacity data we
deduce that the ground state is doubly degenerate, consistent with a distortion
of the cubic local symmetry. We discuss possible mechanisms for this. The
conductivity shows an activated behaviour with an activation energy Ea = 0.262
+/- 0.003 eV.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables. Additional suggested structure in v
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