1,132 research outputs found
Numerical tripping of high-speed turbulent boundary layers
The influence of turbulence inflow generation on direct numerical simulations (DNS) of high-speed turbulent boundary layers at Mach numbers of 2 and 5.84 is investigated. Two main classes of inflow conditions are considered, based on the recycling/rescaling (RR) and the digital filtering (DF) approach, along with suitably modified versions. A series of DNS using very long streamwise domains is first carried out to provide reliable data for the subsequent investigation. A set of diagnostic parameters is then selected to verify achievement of an equilibrium state, and correlation laws for those quantities are obtained based on benchmark cases. Simulations using shorter domains, with extent comparable with that used in the current literature, are then carried out and compared with the benchmark data. Significant deviations from equilibrium conditions are found, to a different extent for the various flow properties, and depending on the inflow turbulence seeding. We find that the RR method yields superior performance in the evaluation of the inner-scaled wall pressure fluctuations and the turbulent shear stress. DF methods instead yield quicker adjustment and better accuracy in the prediction of wall friction and of the streamwise Reynolds stress in supersonic cases. Unrealistically high values of the wall pressure variance are obtained by the baseline DF method, while the proposed DF alternatives recover a closer agreement with respect to the benchmark. The hypersonic test case highlights that similar distribution of wall friction and heat transfer are obtained by both RR and DF baseline methods
The detailed mechanism of the eta production in pp scattering up to the Tlab = 4.5 GeV
Contrary to very early beliefs, the experimental cross section data for the
eta production in proton-proton scattering are well described if pi and only
eta meson exchange diagrams are used to calculate the Born term. The inclusion
of initial and final state interactions is done in the factorization
approximation by using the inverse square of the Jost function. The two body
Jost functions are obtained from the S matrices in the low energy effective
range approximation. The danger of double counting in the p-eta final state
interaction is discussed. It is shown that higher partial waves in
meson-nucleon amplitudes do not contribute significantly bellow excess energy
of Q=100 MeV. Known difficulties of reducing the multi resonance model to a
single resonance one are illustrated.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, corrected typos in relation (3), changed content
(added section with differential cross sections
Stability of the Zagreb Carnegie-Mellon-Berkeley model
In ref. [1] we have used the Zagreb realization of Carnegie-Melon-Berkeley
coupled-channel, unitary model as a tool for extracting pole positions from the
world collection of partial wave data, with the aim of eliminating model
dependence in pole-search procedures. In order that the method is sensible, we
in this paper discuss the stability of the method with respect to the strong
variation of different model ingredients. We show that the Zagreb CMB procedure
is very stable with strong variation of the model assumptions, and that it can
reliably predict the pole positions of the fitted partial wave amplitudes.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figures, 19 table
Singularity structure of the pi N scattering amplitude in a meson-exchange model up to energies W < 2.0 GeV
Within the previously developed Dubna-Mainz-Taipei meson-exchange model, the
singularity structure of the pi N scattering amplitudes has been investigated.
For all partial waves up to F waves and c.m. energies up to W = 2 GeV, the
T-matrix poles have been calculated by three different techniques: analytic
continuation into the complex energy plane, speed-plot and the regularization
method. For all 4-star resonances, we find a perfect agreement between the
analytic continuation and the regularization method. We also find resonance
poles for resonances that are not so well established, but in these cases the
pole positions and residues obtained by analytic continuation can substantially
differ from the results predicted by the speed-plot and regularization methods.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures, 4 table
Direct numerical simulations of turbulent pipe flow at high Reynolds number
This paper is associated with a video winner of a 2021 American Physical Society’s
Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Gallery of Fluid Motion Award for work presented at
the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original video is available online at the Gallery of
Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.2021.GFM.V005
Poles, the only true resonant-state signals, are extracted from a worldwide collection of partial wave amplitudes using only one, well controlled pole-extraction method
Each and every energy dependent partial-wave analysis is parameterizing the
pole positions in a procedure defined by the way how the continuous energy
dependence is implemented. These pole positions are, henceforth, inherently
model dependent. To reduce this model dependence, we use only one,
coupled-channel, unitary, fully analytic method based on the isobar
approximation to extract the pole positions from the each available member of
the worldwide collection of partial wave amplitudes which are understood as
nothing more but a good energy dependent representation of genuine experimental
numbers assembled in a form of partial-wave data. In that way, the model
dependence related to the different assumptions on the analytic form of the
partial-wave amplitudes is avoided, and the true confidence limit for the
existence of a particular resonant state, at least in one model, is
established. The way how the method works, and first results are demonstrated
for the S11 partial wave.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, 2 table
Phenomenology of pp->pp eta reaction close to threshold
The recent high statistics measurement of the pp -> pp eta reaction at an
excess energy Q=15.5 MeV has been analysed by means of partial wave
decomposition of the cross section. Guided by the dominance of the final state
1S0 pp interaction (FSI), we keep only terms involving the FSI enhancement
factor. The measured p-p and p-eta effective mass spectra can be well
reproduced by lifting the standard on-shell approximation in the enhancement
factor and by allowing for a linear energy dependence in the leading 3P0->1S0,s
partial wave amplitude. Higher partial waves seem to play only a marginal role
Sex differences in mathematics and reading achievement are inversely related: within- and across-nation assessment of 10 years of PISA data
We analyzed one decade of data collected by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), including the mathematics and reading performance of nearly 1.5 million 15 year olds in 75 countries. Across nations, boys scored higher than girls in mathematics, but lower than girls in reading. The sex difference in reading was three times as large as in mathematics. There was considerable variation in the extent of the sex differences between nations. There are countries without a sex difference in mathematics performance, and in some countries girls scored higher than boys. Boys scored lower in reading in all nations in all four PISA assessments (2000, 2003, 2006, 2009). Contrary to several previous studies, we found no evidence that the sex differences were related to nations’ gender equality indicators. Further, paradoxically, sex differences in mathematics were consistently and strongly inversely correlated with sex differences in reading: Countries with a smaller sex difference in mathematics had a larger sex difference in reading and vice versa. We demonstrate that this was not merely a between-nation, but also a within-nation effect. This effect is related to relative changes in these sex differences across the performance continuum: We did not find a sex difference in mathematics among the lowest performing students, but this is where the sex difference in reading was largest. In contrast, the sex difference in mathematics was largest among the higher performing students, and this is where the sex difference in reading was smallest. The implication is that if policy makers decide that changes in these sex differences are desired, different approaches will be needed to achieve this for reading and mathematics. Interventions that focus on high-achieving girls in mathematics and on low achieving boys in reading are likely to yield the strongest educational benefits
Impact of Physical Exercise on Melanoma Hallmarks: Current Status of Preclinical and Clinical Research
In recent years, accumulating evidence from preclinical and clinical studies consistently indicated that physical activity/exercise plays a crucial role in reducing the incidence and recurrence of various malignancies, by exerting a beneficial modulation of cancer hallmarks. moreover, physical activity is suggested to attenuate certain adverse effects of anticancer therapy, including the reduction of cardiovascular toxicity and symptoms related to depression and anxiety, among others, while preserving muscular strength. In the case of melanoma, the relationship with physical activity has been critically debated. historically, several cohort studies and meta-analyses reported a positive association between physical activity/exercise and melanoma risk. this association was primarily attributed to outdoor activities that may expose the skin to UV radiation, a well-known risk factor for melanocyte transformation. However, more recent evidence does not support such association and recognizes physical activity/exercise role in both melanoma prevention and progression. nevertheless, sun protection is recommended during outdoor training to minimize UV radiation exposure. this narrative review summarizes preclinical and clinical data about physical activity effects on melanoma hallmarks. Specifically, experimental evidence is reported concerning (i) invasion and metastasis, (ii) reprogramming of energy metabolism, (iii) angiogenesis, (iv) resistance to cell death, (v) evasion from immune destruction, and (vi) tumor-promoting inflammation
- …