11 research outputs found
RuralâUrban Migration and Experience of Childhood Abuse in the Young Thai Population
Evidence suggests that certain migrant populations are at increased risk of abusive behaviors. It is unclear whether this may also apply to Thai ruralâurban migrants, who may experience higher levels of psychosocial adversities than the population at large. The study aims to examine the association between migration status and the history of childhood sexual, physical, and emotional abuse among young Thai people in an urban community. A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Northern Bangkok on a representative sample of 1052 young residents, aged 16â25Â years. Data were obtained concerning: 1) exposuresâmigration (defined as an occasion when a young person, born in a more rural area moves for the first time into Greater Bangkok) and age at migration. 2) outcomesâchild abuse experiences were assessed with an anonymous self report adapted from the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS). There were 8.4%. 16.6% and 56.0% reporting sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, respectively. Forty six percent of adolescents had migrated from rural areas to Bangkok, mostly independently at the age of 15 or after to seek work. Although there were trends towards higher prevalences of the three categories of abuse among early migrants, who moved to Bangkok before the age of 15, being early migrants was independently associated with experiences of physical abuse (OR 1.9 95%CI 1.1â3.2) and emotional abuse (OR 2.0, 95%CI 1.3â3.0) only. Our results suggest that ruralâurban migration at an early age may place children at higher risk of physical and emotional abuse. This may have policy implications for the prevention of childhood abuse particularly among young people on the move
Crossâcultural assessment of HIVâassociated cognitive impairment using the Kaufman assessment battery for children: a systematic review
Introduction: Despite improved efficacy of, and access to, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIVâassociated cognitive impairments remain prevalent in both children and adults. Neuropsychological tests that detect such impairment can help clinicians formulate effective treatment plans. The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC), although developed and standardized in the United States, is used frequently in many different countries and cultural contexts to assess paediatric performance across various cognitive domains. This systematic review investigated the crossâcultural utility of the original KABC, and its 2nd edition (KABCâII), in detecting HIVâassociated cognitive impairment in children and adolescents.Methods: We entered relevant keywords and MeSH terms into the PubMed, PsycInfo, EBSCOHost, ProQuest, and Scopus databases, with search limits set from 1983â2017. Two independent reviewers evaluated the retrieved abstracts and manuscripts. Studies eligible for inclusion in the review were those that (a) used the KABC/KABCâII to assess cognitive function in children/adolescents aged 2â18Â years, (b) featured a definition of cognitive impairment (e.g. >2 SD below the mean) or compared the performance of HIVâinfected and uninfected control groups, and (c) used a sample excluded from population on which the instruments were normed.Results and discussion: We identified nine studies (eight conducted in African countries, and one in the United Kingdom) to comprise the reviewâs sample. All studies detected cognitive impairment in HIVâinfected children, including those who were cARTânaĂŻve or who were cART treated and clinically stable. KABC/KABCâII subtests assessing simultaneous processing appeared most sensitive. Evaluation of the methodological quality of the selected studies by two independent reviews suggested that shortcomings included reporting and selection biases.Conclusions: This systematic review provides evidence for the crossâcultural utility of the KABC/KABCâII, particularly the simultaneous processing subtests, in detecting cognitive impairment in HIVâinfected children (including those who are clinically stable). Although the current results suggest there is justification for using the KABC/KABCâII primarily in East Africa, further investigation is required to explore the instrumentâs utility in other HIVâprevalent regions of the globe.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138351/1/jia21412.pd