Characteristics of strain-induced martensitic transformation in welded joints with the structure of metastable austenite

Welded joints of medium-carbon steel were performed by arc welding in shielding gases using cored wire of 50Cr18 type. Phase transitions in the process of crystallization and subsequent thermal and deformation effects under loading were studied. For this purpose, the weldability, wear resistant tests and structure study results were analyzed. It was found that the structure contains an increased amount of metastable austenite, δ-ferrite and high-strength carbonaceous-chromiс martensite. Welded joints have a high capacity for intensive hardening during local deformation due to the TRIP effect. At the same time, they are highly resistant against the formation of cold cracks, which is the main defect in the welds of medium-carbon steels. It was shown that these features are reasoned from the heterophase dissipative structure of the weld metal formed under the conditions of a typical thermal-deformation cycle of the welded joint. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V

Utilization of Immunoblotting in Studies of Epitope Targeting in Monoclonal Antibodies to Melioidosis Agent Antigen 200 kDa

Objective of the research was to use immunoblotting for studies of epitope targeting in monoclonal antibodies to 200 kDa Burkholderia pseudomallei antigen, which are synthesized by hybridomas-producers from the two collections in the laboratory of immunodiagnostics and biotechnology at the premises of Volgograd Research Anti-Plague Institute. Employed were 8 typical strains of melioidosis agent with the complete antigenic structure. Antigen preparations were separated by means of denaturating vertical electrophoresis in 12 % polyacrylamide gel with 0.1 % sodium dodecylsulfate. During the process of cell-replication, 12 hybridomas-producers were given preparative amounts of monoclonal antibodies to 200 kDa Burkholderia pseudomallei glycoprotein. Following that, immunoperoxidase conjugates were manufactured. Epitope targeting of monoclonal antibodies was evaluated using immunoblotting. With the help of vertical electrophoresis identified was the presence of several mandatory major components contained in the antigen complexes of the salt-water and formamid B. pseudomallei extracts . Differential staining substantiated glycoprotein origin of certain antigen components. Immunoblotting with the stated above antigen preparations revealed epitope targeting of a number of monoclonal antibodies to 200 kDa antigen of melioidosis agent; demonstrated were the differences in their specific interaction with biopolymers which form part of the antigen specter. Those differences were characteristic of hybridomas-producers belonging to different collections, as well as of particular strains of B. pseudomallei

Cultural Practices in the Socio-Cultural Space of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: An Exhibition Dedicated to the 175th Anniversary of Surikov in Krasnoyarsk

Исследование посвящено анализу культурных практик в области искусства в социально-культурном пространстве Красноярского края на основании представления о культурных практиках как активно формирующих идентичность разного уровня (социальную, локально-региональную, глобально-региональную, национальную и т.д.). Основной метод исследования – культурологический анализ культурных практик Красноярского края в их историческом контексте. Принимая во внимание, что теория культурных практик формируется в настоящее время, понятие «культурные практики» рассмотрено авторами как функциональный механизм культуры, благодаря которому реализуются конструктивные процессы трансляции и изменения социоцентрической и культуросозидающей деятельности в конкретном социокультурном пространстве. При этом поликультурное и исторически сформированное под влиянием большого количества факторов социально-культурное пространство Красноярского края представляет особый интерес с позиции анализа культурных практик в области искусства. В статье представлен анализ масштабного выставочного проекта – выставки, посвященной 175-летию В. И. Сурикова, созданной при активном сотрудничестве двух сильных акторов культурной жизни Красноярска и края, Красноярского художественного музея им. В. И. Сурикова и Музейного центра «Площадь Мира». Интересен этот проект и тем, что обращается к предельно значимой для региональной идентичности фигуре художника со всероссийской славой – Василия Ивановича Сурикова, прославившего Красноярск, ставшего классиком русской живописи и не утратившего своей связи с Сибирью – ни в жизни, ни в творчествеThe study is devoted to the analysis of cultural practices in the field of art in the socio-cultural space of the Krasnoyarsk Territory based on the idea of cultural practices as actively shaping the identity of different levels (social, local-regional, global-regional, national, etc.). Taking into account that the theory of cultural practices is being formed at the present time, the concept of “cultural practices” is considered by the authors as a functional mechanism of culture, thanks to which the constructive processes of translation and change of sociocentric and culture-creating activities in a particular sociocultural space are realized. At the same time, the socio-cultural space of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, which is multicultural and historically formed under the influence of a large number of factors, is of particular interest from the standpoint of analyzing cultural practices in the field of art. The article presents an analysis of a large-scale exhibition project – an exhibition dedicated to the 175th anniversary of V. I. Surikov, created with the active cooperation of two strong actors in the cultural life of Krasnoyarsk and the region, the Krasnoyarsk Art Museum. IN AND. Surikov and the Peace Square Museum Center. This project is also interesting in that it refers to the figure of the artist with all-Russian fame, extremely significant for regional identity – Vasily Ivanovich Surikov, who glorified Krasnoyarsk, became a classic of Russian painting and did not lose his connection with Siberia – both in life and in creativit

Regional Originality of the Grand Style: Siberian Modern

В статье рассматривается проблема определения сибирского модерна в качестве самостоятельного явления в архитектуре Сибири начала XX столетия. Выявляются черты модерна в архитектуре Красноярска, созданной выдающимися сибирскими архитекторами рубежа XIX–$ 5X веков В. А. Соколовским и Л. А. Чернышёвым. В качестве репрезентантов рассматриваются особняк В. Н. Гадаловой В. А. Соколовского – образец городского особняка с усадебной территорией и особняк архитектора Л. А. Чернышева, являющегося также автором проекта знаменитого на всю Россию Красноярского краевого краеведческого музея, построенного им как стилизация под древнеегипетский храм. Сибирский модерн в архитектуре Красноярска начала XX века носит эклектичный, но целостный характер, демонстрируя высокий уровень эстетического мышления и инженерных решений. Также рассматриваются три примера обращения современного художественного сообщества к культурному наследию архитектуры модерна – на примере города Томска: архитектура служит источником вдохновения и рефлексии. Обнаруживается способность архитектуры модерна стать в одном случае «холстом» для работ художников, в другом – объектом исследования, поднимать проблемные для города и для художника вопросыThe article examines the problem of defining Siberian Art Nouveau as an independent phenomenon in the architecture of Siberia at the beginning of the 20th century. The features of modernism are revealed in the architecture of Krasnoyarsk, created by the outstanding Siberian architects of the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries V. A. Sokolovsky and L. A. Chernyshev. As a representatives are being studied the mansion of V. N. Gadalova V. A. Sokolovsky – an example of a city mansion with a manor area and a mansion of the architect L. A. Chernyshev, who is also the author of the project of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, famous throughout Russia, which he built as a stylization of an ancient Egyptian temple. Siberian Art Nouveau in the architecture of Krasnoyarsk at the beginning of the 20th century is eclectic but holistic in nature, demonstrating a high level of aesthetic thinking and engineering solutions. Three examples of the modern artistic community’s appeal to the cultural heritage of modern architecture are also considered – using the example of the city of Tomsk: architecture serves as a source of inspiration and reflection. The ability of modern architecture to become, in one case, a “canvas” for artists’ works, and in another, an object of research, is revealed, to raise problematic issues for the city and for the artis

Characterization of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in Russia

The aim of the study was to characterize toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae by examining 12 toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae isolated in Russia between January, 2017 to June, 2019. The morphological, toxigenic and biochemical properties of C. diphtheriae was studied. Genotyping of C. diphtheriae strains was performed using MLST and dtxR gene sequencing with subsequent phylogenetic analysis. Results. Toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae were isolated in the Novosibirsk, Samara and Chelyabinsk Regions, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra as well as the Republic of Northern Ossetia — Alania. Among these strains, 5 were isolated from diphtheria patients (moderate disease found in one case, mild course — remaining patients) and 7 strains were isolated from bacterial carriers. In two cases C. diphtheriae from diphtheria patients were identified as ST25 sequence type, gravis variant; in one case — ST8 type, gravis variant; two cases — ST67 sequence type, mitis variant. In asymptomatic carriers of tox-positive C. diphtheriae strains they belonged to ST25 sequence type, gravis variant — in two cases, ST67 type, mitis variant — in four cases. A sequencing type was not identified in one case. All sequence types were widespread globally being presented by a large number of isolates in the PubMLST and characterized by a substantial amount of derivative sequence types. At the same time, they belonged to different clonal complexes and differed markedly from each other contributing to their reliable difference as assessed by MLST. Study of gene dtxR sequence diversity showed that all allelic variants were typical for the representatives of these sequence types. New alleles of gene dtxR were not revealed in strains examined. It was shown that non-synonymous substitution C440T leading to A147V amino acid substitution was found solely in one allele distributed in ST8, ST185, ST195 and ST451 types suggesting at late mutation. In contrast, the polymorphism C640A resulting in the amino acid substitution L214I was found not only in the same allele, but also in the basal tree branches indicating that isoleucine was in the ancestral sequence of the protein

Роль исследования уровня тиреоглобулина в смыве из пункционной иглы в диагностике метастазов в лимфатических узлах шеи при высокодифференцированном раке щитовидной железы

The study objective: to assess the diagnostic value of measuring the concentration of thyroglobulin (Tg) in the washout fluid of the fine needle aspiration (FNA) for the detection of well-differentiated thyroid cancer regional metastases.Material and Methods. The study included 64 patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Ultrasound examination revealed 71 enlarged regional lymph nodes. The patients underwent simultaneous FNA cytology examination of lymph nodes and the study of Tg concentration in the washout fluid of the needle aspiration. Regional lymph node metastases were verified in 38 patients. These patients underwent surgery. Histological examination of surgical specimens was performed in 43 out of 71 cases.Results. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the FNA biopsy and the study of the concentration of thyroglobulin in the in the washout fluid of FNA were 88.5 %, 56.3 %, 76.2 % and 100 %, respectively. The rate of false-positive results of thyroid FNA biopsy was 16 %. The optimal cutoff value for FNA-Tg measurement was 4 g/ml. This made it possible to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the method to 100 %. It was found that the presence of circulating antibodies to Tg in the blood serum had no effect on the diagnostic value of FNA-Tg measurement (p=0.421). There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of thyroglobulin in the in the washout fluid of FNA between patients with Tg concentration above and below the cutoff values (3.9 [0.47; 39.9] ng/ ml vs 12.3 [0.57; 294.8] ng/ml). Цель исследования ‒ оценить информативность метода определения уровня тиреоглобулина в смыве из пункционной иглы в диагностике регионарных метастазов высокодифференцированного рака щитовидной железы.Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 64 больных высокодифференцированным раком щитовидной железы с интактной щитовидной железой и 71 регионарным лимфатическим узлом, визуализируемым по данным ультразвукового исследования. Пациентам одномоментно выполнены тонкоигольная аспирационная биопсия лимфатических узлов с последующим цитологическим исследованием и исследование уровня тиреоглобулина в смыве из пункционной иглы. По результатам верификации метастатического поражения 38 пациентам выполнено хирургическое вмешательство на первичном очаге и путях лимфатического оттока. Послеоперационное гистологическое исследование образцов проведено в 43 случаях из 71.Результаты. С помощью метода определения уровня тиреоглобулина в смыве из пункционной иглы были выявлены или исключены метастазы высокодифференцированного рака щитовидной железы. Чувствительность, специфичность, точность методов тонкоигольной аспирационной биопсии и исследования уровня тиреоглобулина в смыве из пункционной иглы составили 88,5; 56,3; 76,2 и 100 % соответственно. Количество ложноположительных результатов в отношении высокодифференцированного рака щитовидной железы по данным тонкоигольной аспирационной биопсии составило 16 %. Определено пороговое значение тиреоглобулина в смыве из пункционной иглы ‒ 7,4 нг/мл, позволяющее повысить чувствительность и специфичность метода до 100 %. Отмечено, что наличие циркулирующих антител к тиреоглобулину в сыворотке крови не влияет на информативность метода определения уровня тиреоглобулина в смыве из пункционной иглы (р=0,421). Не выявлено статистически значимых различий в значениях тиреоглобулина в смыве пункционной иглы между пациентами групп с АТ-ТГ выше и ниже референсных значений – 3,9 [0,47; 39,9] нг/мл против 12,3 [0,57; 294,8]

Obtainment of Monoclonal Antibodies and Prospects of Their Application as Basis for Immunodiagnostic Aids for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Detection

) as framework for the production of tools for CCHF virus detection and identification in artificially contaminated samples and clinical specimens containing CCHF antigens was proven efficient

West Nile Fever: Results of Monitoring over the Causative Agent in the Russian Federation in 2021, the Incidence Forecast for 2022

The epidemiological situation on West Nile fever (WNF) in Russia in 2021 was characterized by an increase in the incidence relative to 2020 (more than 6-fold increase). The peculiarities of the WNF epidemic process have been determined: the territorial distribution of cases (75 % – in the constituent entities of the Central Federal District), the expansion of the causative agent’s areal with the involvement of new territories (official registration of cases in Moscow and the Tula Region for the first time ever), the early end of the epidemic season. An increase in the proportion of neuroinvasive forms, an increase in the share of male patients and the age group of 30–39 years, a decrease in the proportion of the population in contact with the pathogen in natural places of mass recreation were observed in the incidence structure. According to the results of the monitoring studies carried out by the Reference Center, intensive circulation of the pathogen was established on the territory of the Central Federal District, Southern Federal District, and the North Caucasian Federal District. The low reported incidence was due to insufficient detection of WNF patients. The results of moleculargenetic study showed that in the European part of Russia, WNV lineage 2 circulated in both epizootic and epidemic cycles, lineage 2 in the south of Western Siberia (Omsk Region) and lineage 4 in the Volgograd Region – in the epizootic cycle only. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains isolated from the Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov, Voronezh Regions and the Republic of Dagestan in 2021 belong to the genovariant of WNV lineage 2 not registered in Russia previously.  The topology of the phylogenetic tree indicates the possible African origin of the isolates, probably imported into Russia by migratory birds across the coast of the Caspian Sea. In the Volgograd Region, WNV of both the entrenched clade of lineage 2 (since 2007) and new genovariant circulated. The specialists of the Reference Center developed a forecast of WNF epidemiological situation development in the Volgograd Region in 2022 on the basis of the neural network modeling technique, according to which an increase in the incidence is expected, comparable to that in 2010 and 2012. Based on the climate projections, an increase in the incidence is possible in all Federal Districts of the European part of Russia, the southern territories of the Urals, Western Siberia, and the Far East

Определение противококлюшных антител у школьников с длительным кашлем

Objective: to assess anti-pertussis immunity in schoolchildren aged 7–17 who complained of a prolonged cough during the 11-year follow-up period.  Materials and methods. The study included 1046 patients aged 7 to 17 years who applied to the Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology with complaints of prolonged cough in the period from 2010 to 2020. Blood serums were examined in ELISA with the determination of IgM, IgG, IgA antibodies using RIDASCREEN test system (Germany).  Results. An active infection with the detection of IgM and/ or IgA, IgG antibodies above threshold levels was detected in 51,3% of children with prolonged cough, while annually in a fairly high percentage throughout the follow-up period. Active pertussis infection, established based on the detection of IgM, IgG, IgA antibodies above thresholds in blood serum samples, prevailed in children 12–15 years old, accounting for more than 60% in children with prolonged cough. Antipertussis immunity as a result of childhood vaccination or previous disease was detected in 16.1-20.2% of people in the period 2010–2014 and in 12,8-20,9% in 2015–2020.  Conclusion. The results obtained by us on the study of anti-pertussis immunity in schoolchildren confirm the presence of active latent circulation of the pathogen whooping cough among children of this age cohort and, therefore, the presence of unaccounted for cases of the disease. This confirms the importance of timely diagnosis of pertussis, isolation of children for the period of active infection and justifies the need for the widespread introduction of a second revaccination against pertussis. Цель: оценка противококлюшного иммунитета у школьников 7–17 лет, обратившихся с жалобами на длительный кашель, в течение 11-летнего периода наблюдения.  Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 1046 пациентов в возрасте от 7 до 17 лет, обратившихся в консультативно-диагностический центр Московского научно-исследовательского института эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского с жалобами на длительный кашель в период с 2010 по 2020 г. Сыворотки крови исследовали в ИФА с определением IgM, IgG, IgA антител с помощью тест-системы «RIDASCRЕЕN» (Германия). Результаты. Активная инфекция с выявлением антител классов IgM и (или) IgA, IgG выше пороговых уровней выявлена у 51,3% детей с длительным кашлем, при этом ежегодно в достаточно высоком проценте на протяжении всего периода наблюдения. Активная коклюшная инфекция, установленная на основании выявления в образцах сывороток крови антител IgM, IgG, IgA выше пороговых значений, преобладала у детей 12–15 лет, составляя выше 60% у детей с длительным кашлем. Противококлюшный иммунитет в результате проведенной в детстве вакцинации или перенесенного заболевания выявили у 16,1–20,2% лиц в период 2010–2014 гг. и у 12,8–20,9% – в 2015–2020 гг.  Заключение. Полученные нами результаты по изучению противококлюшного иммунитета у школьников подтверждают наличие активной скрытой циркуляции возбудителя коклюша среди школьников и, следовательно, наличие недоучтенных случаев заболевания. Это подтверждает важность своевременной диагностики коклюша, изоляции детей на период активной инфекции и обосновывает необходимость повсеместного введения второй ревакцинации против коклюша.

Выявление Bordetella holmesii среди больных, госпитализированных в стационар с подозрением на коклюш или коклюшеподобные заболевания

Purpose. To reveal and estimate prevalence of B. holmesii among the patients hospitalized with suspicion pertussis and pertussis-like illnesses.Materials and methods. 424 clinical samples received from patients with of pertussis and pertussis-like illnesses in GBUZ IKB № 1 DZM in 2017–2018 are investigated. Identification of fragments of a genome of Bordetella was carried out in PCR-RT with “Amplisens® Bordetella multi-FL”. For identification of fragments of a genome of B. holmesii used PCR-RT with primers of IS481, IS1001 and hIS1001.Results. The research included 424 patients, from them 56,1% of children aged till 1 year, 41,3% of children – are more senior than 1 year and 2,6% of adults. When using test system 60,4% of the samples containing DNA of B. pertussis are revealed; 1,9% of samples – DNA of B. parapertussis; in 34,9% of samples it is received negative and in 2,8% – doubtful results. The research of 424 samples in PCR-RT by means of IS481, IS1001 and hIS1001 primers showed that 61,1% of samples contained DNA of B. pertussis; 0,7% of samples – DNA of B. parapertussis and 3,8% of samples – DNA of B. holmesii. In 143 samples the result was negative. From 16 DNA of B. holmesii – positive samples, 9 samples were negative in test system earlier, in 2 samples – the doubtful result, 1 sample was earlier identified as DNA of B. parapertussis and in 4 samples DNA of B. pertussis and B. holmesii are found.Conclusion. The research demonstrates circulation of B. holmesii in the territory of Russia that is confirmed by identification of positive samples in 3,8% of cases among the sick children and adults hospitalized in a hospital with suspicion of pertussis and pertussis-like illnesses. For increase in efficiency of laboratory confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of pertussis and pertussis-like illnesses the genodiagnostic of a pertussis is recommended to improve taking into account identification DNA of B. holmesii.Цель: выявить и оценить распространенность B. holmesii среди больных, госпитализированных в стационар с подозрением на коклюш и коклюшеподобные заболевания.Материалы и методы. Исследовано 424 пробы клинического материала от больных с подозрением на коклюш и коклюшеподобные заболевания, госпитализированных в Инфекционную клиническую больницу № 1 в 2017– 2018 гг. Выявление фрагментов генома бордетелл осуществляли в ПЦР-РВ с «АмплиСенс® Bordetella multi-FL». Для идентификации фрагментов генома B. holmesii использовали ПЦР-РВ с праймерами IS481, IS1001 и hIS1001. Результаты. В исследование включено 424 пациента, из них 57,6% детей до 1 года, 42,3% детей старше 1 года и 2,6% взрослых. При использовании тестсистемы обнаружено 60,4% образцов, содержащих ДНК B. pertussis; 1,9% образцов – ДНК B. parapertussis; в 34,9% образцов получен отрицательный и в 2,8% – сомнительный результаты. Исследование 424 образцов в ПЦР-РВ с помощью IS481, IS1001 и hIS1001 праймеров показало, что 61,1% образцов содержали ДНК B. pertussis; 0,7% образцов – ДНК В. parapertussis и 3,8% образцов – ДНК B. holmesii. В 143 образцах результат был отрицательным. Из 16 ДНК B. holmesii, 9 образцов ранее были отрицательными, в 2 образцах – сомнительный результат и 1 образец был ранее идентифицирован как ДНК B. parapertussis, в 4 образцах обнаружена ДНК B. pertussis и B. holmesii.Заключение. Исследование свидетельствует о циркуляции B. holmesii на территории России, что под тверждается выявлением положительных образцов в 3,8% случаев среди больных детей и взрослых, госпитализированных в стационар с подозрением на коклюш и коклюшеподобные заболевания. Для повышения эффективности лабораторного подтверждения клинического диагноза коклюша и коклюшеподобных заболеваний рекомендуется совершенствовать генодиагностику коклюшной инфекции с учетом идентификации ДНК B. holmesii