The Method of Lines in the time domain

The Method of Lines (MoL) is a semi-analytical numerical algorithm that has been used in the past to solve Maxwell's equations for waveguide problems. It is mainly used in the frequency domain. In this paper it is shown how the MoL can be used to solve initial value problems in the time domain. The required expressions are derived for one-dimensional structures, where the materials may be dispersive. The algorithm is verified with numerical results for homogeneous structures, and for the concatenation of standard dielectric and left handed materials

Introducing process management in E-government and healthcare

The public sector has shown that it has, comparedwith other sectors, a relatively underdeveloped information system structure. In this context the importance of reducing costs and streamlining workflows and processes is ever more recognized. However, despite the importance of process management, currently there are internationally very few guidelines provided for introducing process management in public administration. The objective of this paper is to outline a framework for analyzing process management projects. By using this framework we analyze a system in the public administration of Bulgaria as well as an implementation of a healthcare administration system in Ireland. Our analysis revealed some interesting results. The reasons for failure in public administration are rather content and structural in nature then solely project management issues.Відкритий сектор економіки має, у порівнянні з іншими секторами, відносно недостатньо розвинену структуру інформаційних систем. У цьому контексті є сенс вважати важливими зниження витрат та спрямлення робочих потоків. Проте, незважаючи на важливість управління процесами, у теперішній час є дуже мало керівних документів, які допомагають впровадити управління процесами у користувальницьку адміністрацію. Мета цієї роботи – дати огляд можливої інфраструктури для аналізу проектів з управління процесами. Шляхом використання цієї інфраструктури ми аналізуємо систему управління у Болгарії та адміністрування охороною здоров'я у Ірландії. Наш аналіз дав деякі цікаві результати

Self-imaging effect in multimode waveguides with longitudinal periodicity

This paper deals with the self--imaging effect in multimode waveguides. Analogies and differences to the free--space case are shown. The fields in multimode waveguides are studied. Particularly, the behavior of the fields is examined, when aperiodic perturbation is introduced

Hollow waveguides as polarization converting elements: a theoretical study

Subwavelength apertures in a metallic film act as hollow waveguides. By using a non-quadratic cross-section, an anisotropic transmission behaviour results for the two polarization states. Thus, an array of metallic subwavelength apertures may be used as polarization converter, e.g., as a half-wave plate. By varying orientation and shape of the cross-sections locally, one can design polarization shifting elements for complex wave fields. Here, we present a theoretical consideration on the physical properties and compare with dielectric form birefringence

A COST 240 benchmark test for beam propagation methods applied to an electrooptical modulator based on surface plasmons

Modeling of a waveguide polymer electrooptic (EO) modulator based on a resonant excitation of surface plasmons was used as a benchmark test for several beam propagation methods (BPM's). Wave-optical analysis of the structure is presented, and the results of four implementations of three numerical modeling methods are mutually compared and discussed

Major Surface Glycoproteins of Insect Forms of Trypanosoma brucei Are Not Essential for Cyclical Transmission by Tsetse

Procyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei reside in the midgut of tsetse flies where they are covered by several million copies of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins known as procyclins. It has been proposed that procyclins protect parasites against proteases and/or participate in tropism, directing them from the midgut to the salivary glands. There are four different procyclin genes, each subject to elaborate levels of regulation. To determine if procyclins are essential for survival and transmission of T. brucei, all four genes were deleted and parasite fitness was compared in vitro and in vivo. When co-cultured in vitro, the null mutant and wild type trypanosomes (tagged with cyan fluorescent protein) maintained a near-constant equilibrium. In contrast, when flies were infected with the same mixture, the null mutant was rapidly overgrown in the midgut, reflecting a reduction in fitness in vivo. Although the null mutant is patently defective in competition with procyclin-positive parasites, on its own it can complete the life cycle and generate infectious metacyclic forms. The procyclic form of T. brucei thus differs strikingly from the bloodstream form, which does not tolerate any perturbation of its variant surface glycoprotein coat, and from other parasites such as Plasmodium berghei, which requires the circumsporozoite protein for successful transmission to a new host