A Review on Optimal Operation of Distributed Network Embedded to Wind-Battery Storage System

Energy is a vital requirement for today's socio-economic welfare and development. But due to the continuous increase of the demand the conventional energy resources are depleting day by day and on the verge of extinction. Hence more renewable generation units are emphasised to integrate to the power network to supply the required demand. This incorporation of the distributed generation into the distributed network has the advantages of controllability, flexibility and tremendous potential if it can be exploited properly. However, due to their intermittent and unpredictable nature, there is a need for energy storages to ensure continuous operations, i.e., to meet the load all the time. There are many possible options for energy storage, but the most popular and technologically sound option is battery storage. Along with this battery storage system (BSS), a power conditioning system (PCS) has to be connected for generation of both active and reactive power from the BSS which in turn increases the overall installation cost of BSS. Moreover, the energy storage cost is a function of the storage device power, energy capacities and their specific costs depending on the chosen technology of optimization. Thus, profit from those renewable energy producers have to be maximized, and losses are to be minimized by using dynamic optimization techniques. But along with the advantages there comes the complexities due to the inclusion of distributed generation and the additional energy storages in the power system network. Moreover, it is highly critical to operate the vast system optimally. Hence there are lots of research had been done or are in process for finding the proper approach of optimization of the system. This paper presents a review of the current state of the optimization methods applied to renewable and sustainable energy source embedded with the Energy storage for maximization of the revenue obtained from the power trading to the network

Bangladesh and Assam : land pressures, migration and ethnic conflict

Prepared for the workshop "Environmental Change, Population Displacement, and Acute Conflict," held in Ottawa, June 199

Enantioselective permeation of racemic alcohol through polymeric membrane

Copolymer of 1,2-bis(2-methyl-1-triethylsiloxy-1-propenyloxy)ethane and dialdehyde have been synthesized by Mukaiyama Aldol polymerization using lipase as the catalyst. The chirality of the polymer was tested by optical rotation and circular dichroism study. The membrane forming ability of this chiral polymer was examined by casting the membrane in three different solvents viz., N-methyl-2-pyrilidone (NMP), dimethyl formamide (DMF) and dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) using the phase inversion method and it was found that chiral polymer–NMP membranes formed more uniform and regular surface morphology as was evident from SEM analysis. The enantioselective membranes prepared in the solvents was tested for resolution of racemic alcohol and it was found that NMP is the best solvent for obtaining highest enantioselectivity value. It was also found that the enantioselectivity for adsorption favoured the (S)-isomer whereas permeation favoured the (R)-isomer which is confirmed from interpretation of the adsorption isotherm by Langmuir model. Accordingly, the enantioselective permeation was caused by suppression of the (S)-isomer permeation. Optical resolution of (±)trans-sobrerol was achieved by pressure driven permeation through the membrane. The highest enantioselectivity, enantiomeric excess and permeation co-efficient was obtained as 98.59%, 20.42 and 13.627m2 h−1, respectively. With an increase in polymer content in the membrane, the permeation rate increases

An investigation of the flow characteristics in the blade endwall corner region

Studies were undertaken to determine the structure of the flow in the blade end wall corner region simulated by attaching two uncambered airfoils on either side of a flat plate with a semicircular leading edge. Detailed measurements of the corner flow were obtained with conventional pressure probes, hot wire anemometry, and flow visualization. The mean velocity profiles and six components of the Reynolds stress tensor were obtained with an inclined single sensor hot wire probe whereas power spectra were obtained with a single sensor oriented normal to the flow. Three streamwise vortices were identified based on the surface streamlines, distortion of total pressure profiles, and variation of mean velocity components in the corner. A horseshoe vortex formed near the leading edge of the airfoil. Within a short distance downstream, a corner vortex was detected between the horseshoe vortex and the surfaces forming the corner. A third vortex was formed at the rear portion of the corner between the corner vortex and the surface of the flat plate. Turbulent shear stress and production of turbulence are negligibly small. A region of negative turbulent shear stress was also observed near the region of low turbulence intensity from the vicinity of the flat plate

Decision Making in Optimizing a Product of a Small Scale Industry: A Bayesian Analysis Approach

This paper intends to find Expected monetary value (EMV), Expected opportunity loss (EOL) and conditional profit of the main product (Mukta) of a small scale industry–“ORGAMAN” situated at Jorhat District of Assam. To meet the above specific objectives, the method of Bayesian Analysis has been adopted. The data used in this endeavor is secondary in nature, collected by direct personal investigation. As per prior information, the target of the industry is to produce a minimum of 50 MT (low production) of product and a maximum of 350 MT (high production) of the same per month. The prior analysis reveals that the expected monetary value and expected opportunity loss are optimum against high production. Based on both the prior analysis and posterior analysis, it is observed that the profit for the product of the industry is maximum against high production of 350 MT per month. Although, the profit based on posterior analysis is slightly high, it seems that the additional amount of money has to be spend to collect additional information for posterior analysis

Seismic Behaviour of Water Front Structures with Tyre Chip Backfill

Water front structures have suffered significant damage in many of the recent earthquakes. One of the primary causes for the poor performance of these classes of structures is the liquefaction of the foundation soil and in some instances liquefaction of the backfill soil. The liquefaction of the soil in-front of the quay wall tends to cause large lateral displacements and rotation of the wall. Full or partial liquefaction of the backfill can result in the increase of lateral earth pressure exerted on the wall that can cause additional lateral displacement of the wall. In this paper numerical analyses of a gravity wall type water front structure will be considered. Often such gravity walls are placed on rubble mound that is deposited onto the sea bed. The problem will be based on a generic model although the simplifications in the generic model were derived based on observed failures of quay walls following the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The paper presents finite element analyses of such a problem in which strength degradation of the foundation soil and the backfill material will be modelled using PZ mark III constitutive relationship. At the Port and Airport Research Institute (PARI) in Japan the possibility of using tyre chips from used car tyres as the backfill material is being researched using 1G underwater shaking table and dynamic centrifuge modelling. The finite element analyses will be repeated by including a zone of backfill consisting of the tyre chips. The properties of this material will be derived from the element tests carried out at PARI. Finally the results from the analyses of the gravity wall founded rubble mound with liquefiable foundation soil and backfill will be compared to those with tyre chip backfill. The improvement in the performance of the wall in terms of decreased lateral displacements and/or reduction in the rotation suffered by the wall will be compared