A facile synthesis of ethyl α-cyano-β-amincacrylates and related compounds

Ethyl-α-cyano-β-aminoacrylates (I) have been used as intermediates in the synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives and I(R=H,CH3, C6H5) have been obtained by the condensations of ethyl cyanoacetate with amidines and iminoethers, in relatively poor yields. We now report that both biprotic and monoprotic carbothioamides-thioformamide, thiobenzamides, phenylthioacetamide, quinazolin-4(3H)-thione and pyrrolidin-2(1H)-thione condense with ethyl bromocyanoacetate, with extrusion of sulphur, to form ethyl α-cyano-β-aminoacrylate (I, R=H), ethyl α-cyano-β-aminocinnamates (I, R=-C6H5,-C6H4-OCH3, -C6H4-NO2,P), ethyl α-cyano-β-amino-β-benzylacrylate (I, R= -CH2C6H5), ethyl-α-cyano Δ4(3H), quinazolineace tate (II) and ethyl α-cyano-Δ2,α, pyrrolidineacetate (III) (Table) respectively

Can Partial Offshoring Contribute Growth of Multinational Electronic Manufacturing Service Companies in the United States?

With the increasing trend of offshoring, leaders of many companies prefer to offshore projects to reduce product cost and be competitive in the global market. This phenomenon creates fewer jobs in the United States as compared to low-cost foreign countries such as China. To address this problem, this quantitative correlational study reviewed the extent to which partial offshoring impacted the business growth of multinational electronic manufacturing service (EMS) companies in the United States. Results showed that partial offshoring does not have a significant relationship with business growth. Although statistically not significant, partial offshoring was found to be positively related to the business growth. Based on organizational strategic goals, leaders of multinational EMS companies may direct future offshoring strategies to grow a business in the United States

Trust in financial services: Retrospect and prospect

Fostering and maintaining high levels of trust in the financial services sector is seen as crucial because of the characteristics of many financial service and in order to promote consumer engagement in the sector. In this article, we report evidence from a body of work and other commentary to provide an insight into trends in consumer trust in the sector as a whole, in comparison with other organisations and how different types of financial services provider have performed relative to each other. We show that the financial services sector as a whole is trusted more than some comparator institutions, and that aggregate levels of trust in the sector have fluctuated a relatively small amount subsequent to the financial crisis. However, important differences between provider types are apparent and these differences have become more profound in the recent past. We provide suggestions as to how trust in the sector may be improved and provider an analysis of current initiatives to improve trust levels in the sector in general and in banking in particular

Quantitative trait loci conferring grain mineral nutrient concentrations in durum wheat 3 wild emmer wheat RIL population

Mineral nutrient malnutrition, and particularly deficiency in zinc and iron, afflicts over 3 billion people worldwide. Wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, genepool harbors a rich allelic repertoire for mineral nutrients in the grain. The genetic and physiological basis of grain protein, micronutrients (zinc, iron, copper and manganese) and macronutrients (calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur) concentration was studied in tetraploid wheat population of 152 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from a cross between durum wheat (cv. Langdon) and wild emmer (accession G18-16). Wide genetic variation was found among the RILs for all grain minerals, with considerable transgressive effect. A total of 82 QTLs were mapped for 10 minerals with LOD score range of 3.2–16.7. Most QTLs were in favor of the wild allele (50 QTLs). Fourteen pairs of QTLs for the same trait were mapped to seemingly homoeologous positions, reflecting synteny between the A and B genomes. Significant positive correlation was found between grain protein concentration (GPC), Zn, Fe and Cu, which was supported by significant overlap between the respective QTLs, suggesting common physiological and/or genetic factors controlling the concentrations of these mineral nutrients. Few genomic regions (chromosomes 2A, 5A, 6B and 7A) were found to harbor clusters of QTLs for GPC and other nutrients. These identified QTLs may facilitate the use of wild alleles for improving grain nutritional quality of elite wheat cultivars, especially in terms of protein, Zn and Fe

A conventent synthesis of functonalised heterocuclic enamines from alpha-thioiminium salts and active methylene compounds under solid-liquid PTC conditions

Functionalised enanines constitute a category of synthetic intermediates useful in carbon, carbon bond formation reactions and have been procured through a variety of condensaticn and extrusion reactions. In one approach active methylene compounds have been condensed with lactin thioethers in the presence of a base at relatively higher temperature. In view of our interest in the synthesis of function alised enamines through sulphur extrusion reactions, we have studied the title reaction under non-hydrolytic solid-liquid PTC using solid KF(base)/TEBA(catalyst). A recent report on the sulphur extrusion of α-thio-iminium salts and their reactions with active methylene compounds prompts us to report our results

Multicenter phase II study of sequential radioembolization-sorafenib therapy for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma

10.1371/journal.pone.0090909PLoS ONE93-POLN