A facile synthesis of ethyl α-cyano-β-amincacrylates and related compounds

Ethyl-α-cyano-β-aminoacrylates (I) have been used as intermediates in the synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives and I(R=H,CH3, C6H5) have been obtained by the condensations of ethyl cyanoacetate with amidines and iminoethers, in relatively poor yields. We now report that both biprotic and monoprotic carbothioamides-thioformamide, thiobenzamides, phenylthioacetamide, quinazolin-4(3H)-thione and pyrrolidin-2(1H)-thione condense with ethyl bromocyanoacetate, with extrusion of sulphur, to form ethyl α-cyano-β-aminoacrylate (I, R=H), ethyl α-cyano-β-aminocinnamates (I, R=-C6H5,-C6H4-OCH3, -C6H4-NO2,P), ethyl α-cyano-β-amino-β-benzylacrylate (I, R= -CH2C6H5), ethyl-α-cyano Δ4(3H), quinazolineace tate (II) and ethyl α-cyano-Δ2,α, pyrrolidineacetate (III) (Table) respectively

Can Partial Offshoring Contribute Growth of Multinational Electronic Manufacturing Service Companies in the United States?

With the increasing trend of offshoring, leaders of many companies prefer to offshore projects to reduce product cost and be competitive in the global market. This phenomenon creates fewer jobs in the United States as compared to low-cost foreign countries such as China. To address this problem, this quantitative correlational study reviewed the extent to which partial offshoring impacted the business growth of multinational electronic manufacturing service (EMS) companies in the United States. Results showed that partial offshoring does not have a significant relationship with business growth. Although statistically not significant, partial offshoring was found to be positively related to the business growth. Based on organizational strategic goals, leaders of multinational EMS companies may direct future offshoring strategies to grow a business in the United States

A conventent synthesis of functonalised heterocuclic enamines from alpha-thioiminium salts and active methylene compounds under solid-liquid PTC conditions

Functionalised enanines constitute a category of synthetic intermediates useful in carbon, carbon bond formation reactions and have been procured through a variety of condensaticn and extrusion reactions. In one approach active methylene compounds have been condensed with lactin thioethers in the presence of a base at relatively higher temperature. In view of our interest in the synthesis of function alised enamines through sulphur extrusion reactions, we have studied the title reaction under non-hydrolytic solid-liquid PTC using solid KF(base)/TEBA(catalyst). A recent report on the sulphur extrusion of α-thio-iminium salts and their reactions with active methylene compounds prompts us to report our results

Experimental characterisation and evaluation of the thermo-physical properties of expanded perlite - fumed silica composite for effective vacuum insulation panel (VIP) core

The thermo-physical properties of expanded perlite-fumed silica composites were experimentally investigated as an alternative lower cost material for vacuum insulation panel (VIP) core using expanded perlite as a cheaper substitute of fumed silica. Pore size analysis was carried out using nitrogen sorption technique, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry and Transmission Electron Microscopy and average pore size was estimated to be in the range of 50 - 150 nm. VIP core board samples measuring 100 mm×100 mm and consisting of varying proportions of expanded perlite, fumed silica, silicon carbide and polyester fibre in the composite were prepared. The centre of panel thermal conductivity of the core board containing expanded perlite mass proportion of 60% was measured as 53 mWm-1K-1 at atmospheric pressure and 28 mWm-1K-1 when expanded perlite content was reduced to 30%. The centre of panel thermal conductivity with 30% expanded perlite content was measured as 7.6 mWm-1K-1 at 0.5 mbar pressure. Radiative conductivity of the composite with expanded perlite mass of 30% was measured to be 0.3 - 1 mWm-1K-1 at 300 K and gaseous thermal conductivity 0.016 mWm-1K-1 at 1 mbar, a reduction of 8.3 mWm-1K-1 from the value of gaseous thermal conductivity at 1 atm pressure. Opacifying properties of expanded perlite were quantified and are reported. A VIP core cost reduction potential of 20% was calculated through the use of expanded perlite in VIP core

Trust in financial services: Retrospect and prospect

Fostering and maintaining high levels of trust in the financial services sector is seen as crucial because of the characteristics of many financial service and in order to promote consumer engagement in the sector. In this article, we report evidence from a body of work and other commentary to provide an insight into trends in consumer trust in the sector as a whole, in comparison with other organisations and how different types of financial services provider have performed relative to each other. We show that the financial services sector as a whole is trusted more than some comparator institutions, and that aggregate levels of trust in the sector have fluctuated a relatively small amount subsequent to the financial crisis. However, important differences between provider types are apparent and these differences have become more profound in the recent past. We provide suggestions as to how trust in the sector may be improved and provider an analysis of current initiatives to improve trust levels in the sector in general and in banking in particular

Dodatak kroma u teladi azijskog vodenog bivola (Bubalus bubalis) pod stresom od hladnoće: učinci na prirast, hranidbenu iskoristivost te staničnu i humoralnu imunost

Various stressors significantly increase urinary excretion of chromium (Cr), suggesting that Cr may be physiologically linked to the responses to control stress. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological responses of buffalo calves to increased Cr supply under low ambient temperature. In a randomized complete block design, twenty-four Murrah buffalo calves were assigned to 4 treatments for a period of 120 days. Treatments included either no supplemental Cr (control), 0.5 mg of supplemental Cr/kg DM, 1.0 mg of supplemental Cr/kg DM, or 1.5 mg of supplemental Cr/kg DM. Buffalo calves were monitored daily for physiological variables, dry matter intake (DMI) and fortnightly for body mass change. Blood samples were collected at fortnightly intervals and analyzed for the biomarkers of immunity and plasma trace mineral concentration. At the end of the 120 day experimental period, a 7 day metabolic trial was conducted. The average temperature-humidity index (THI) and relative humidity (RH) during the study were 58.10 units and 52.0% respectively. Physiological variables, DMI and growth performance did not differ among all treatments. 1.5 mg Cr/kg DM increased B and T-cell proliferation, neutrophil phagocytic activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value, whereas plasma total immunoglobulin (TIg) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were the highest in the 1.0 and 1.5 mg Cr/kg DM group. Nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) metabolism and trace mineral bioavailability did not differ between treatments, while the bioavailability of Cr showed a positive correlation with supplemental Cr level. The results suggest that in cold conditions, increased Cr supply can improve immune response without affecting physiological response, growth performance and nutrient utilization in buffalo calves.Različiti stresori značajno povećavaju izlučivanje kroma (Cr) mokraćom što naznačuje da Cr može biti fiziološki vezan s odgovorom za kontrolu stresa. Cilj je ovog rada bio odrediti fiziološke odgovore u bivolje teladi na povećani dodatak Cr u uvjetima niske temperature okoliša. Prema metodi slučajnog odabira skupina, 24 Murrah bivolska teleta bila su raspodijeljena u četiri skupine koje su bile različito tretirane u razdoblju od 120 dana. Životinjama jedne skupine dodavano je 0,5 mg Cr/kg suhe tvari, druge skupine 1,0 mg Cr/kg suhe tvari, a treće skupine 1,5 mg Cr/kg suhe tvari, dok kontrolnoj skupini Cr nije bio dodavan. U teladi su dnevno bile promatrane fiziološke varijable, uzimanje suhe tvari te svaka dva tjedna promjena tjelesne mase. Uzorci krvi bili su uzimani u razmacima od 14 dana i pretraženi na biomarkere imunosti i koncentraciju minerala u tragovima u plazmi. Na kraju pokusnog razdoblja od 120 dana proveden je sedmodnevni metabolički pokus. Prosječni indeks temperature i vlažnosti tijekom istraživanja iznosio je 58,10 jedinica dok je relativna vlažnost bila 52,0 %. Fiziološke varijable, uzimanje suhe tvari i prirast reducirajućeg željeza nisu se razlikovali među skupinama. Količina od 1,5 mg Cr/kg suhe tvari povećala je proliferaciju B- i T-limfocita, fagocitoznu aktivnost neutrofila i vrijednost antioksidacijske sposobnosti, dok su koncentracije ukupnih imunoglobulina plazme i imunoglobulina G (IgG) bile najveće u skupinama koje su dobivale 1,0 odnosno 1,5 mg Cr/kg suhe tvari. Nutritivna probavljivost, metabolizam dušika (N) i biološka raspoloživost minerala u tragovima nisu se razlikovali među skupinama. Biološka raspoloživost Cr bila je u korelaciji s razinom njegova dodatka. Rezultati upućuju na zaključak da povećani dodatak Cr u hladnoći može poboljšati imunosni odgovor bez utjecaja na fiziološki odgovor, prirast i hranidbenu iskoristivost u bivolje teladi