Personal and social factors influencing students' attitudes towards peers with special needs

Within inclusive education, it is crucial to consider how students with special needs are valued as members of school community and may fully and actively take part in school-life. The present study aims: 1) to assess students' attitudes towards peers with special needs; 2) to understand how personal factors (age, gender, school achievement and social competence) and social factors (contacting with persons or family member with SN) predict students' attitudes variation. Participants were 200 Portuguese students from 6th to 12th grade. Instruments were administered during class: (i) CATCH (Rosenbaum, Armstrong & King, 1986), comprising a cognitive and an affective-behavior subscale (ii) Social goals Scale (Wentzel, 1993), comprising a social responsibility and a prosocial subscale. We conducted exploratory factor analysis on CATCH and stepwise regression analysis using attitudes as dependent variable. Affective-behavior attitudes were higher in girls and in students with contact with special needs peers and showed moderate correlations with social competence; Cognitive attitudes were higher in older students and were not related with social competence. Prosocial goals were the best predictor of attitudes towards peers with special needs. Results showed that attitudes towards peers with special needs may be influenced by personal and contextual factors. Confirming other findings girls showed more positive attitudes. Also students who have contact with peers with special needs have more positive attitudes, evidencing the potential impact of inclusive settings. The relation found between attitudes and social motivation (mainly prosocial goals) has implications for educational intervention.8C1E-AFB9-6BE1 | Maria Teresa Martins Gon?alvesN/

Identification of students' multiple achievement and social goal profiles and analysis of their stability and adaptability

The present study moves to a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of student's goal orientation by jointly analyzing a variety of students' achievement goals together with students' social goals, and their combined effects. Using a person-centered approach (latent cluster analysis) the study identified students' (N = 386) goal profiles, analysed in what ways achievement and social goals are combined, and tested whether profile groups differed on their motivational and academic adaptability. Moreover, this study analysed stability and change in students' multiple goal profiles across the transition into secondary school (from 9th to 10th grade). Six distinct profiles of achievement and social goals emerged showing construct stability over time. Across profiles findings showed that prosocial and social responsibility goals are connected with mastery goals, but seem more difficult to reconcile with performance-competitive goals. In general, findings highlighted the positive role of both mastery and social goals in students' academic outcomes (differences between profiles ranging from ? 2 0.03 to 0.18), but also showed that distinct goal combinations may be compatible with students' motivation and academic success.8C1E-AFB9-6BE1 | Maria Teresa Martins Gon?alvesN/

Motives and beliefs of learners enrolled in adult education

The present study intended to identify adult learners? motives for enrollment, and to assess their self-determination, self- efficacy beliefs and academic self-concept in a sample of 310 adult learners attending three different types of courses (short courses; long, vocational courses; long, nonvocational courses), as well as relating these constructs to each other and assess differences according to background variables. Autonomous regulation showed a strong, positive relationship with the epistemic motive and moderate, positive relationships with self-efficacy and academic self-concept. Although learners scored high in both intrinsic and extrinsic motives, group mean comparisons revealed that some characteristics like lower qualifications, unemployment and being a male showed a stronger connection to an extrinsic orientation. These results are in line with SDT predictions about the quality of motivation and suggest that learners with the former characteristics could be more at risk of failure and drop-out. Overall this study highlights the relevance of examining motivational variables in adult learners. Considering the relatively scarce research in the field, future research should further investigate adult learners? motivational profiles and how they relate to achievement.8C1E-AFB9-6BE1 | Maria Teresa Martins Gon?alvesN/

The influence of students self-determination and personal achievement goals in learning and engagement: a mediation model for traditional and nontraditional students

This study aimed to explore school factors that influence students? achievements in Trendsin International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) in schools in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, inthe United Arab Emirates. The study sample for TIMSS 2015 consisted of 4838 students in eighthgrade; 2172 girls, 2666 boys, and 156 schools from Abu Dhabi attended and participated in TIMSS2015. Principal component analysis (PCA) was run on 77 items of school questionnaires administeredto school principals to provide information about the school contexts for teaching and learning. Thefive factors from the school questionnaire were general school resources, school discipline and safety,parental support, principal experience and education, and library and instruction resources. Multipleregression models were implemented to examine the impact of school factors on student achievementin TIMSS 2015. The models are statistically significant, indicating that they fit the data well. This alsodemonstrates a significant linear relationship between students? achievement in TIMSS 2015 and thevariables related to school factors.8C1E-AFB9-6BE1 | Maria Teresa Martins Gon?alvesN/

Motivational profiles of adult learners

This study investigated profiles of autonomous and controlled motivation and their effects in a sample of 188 adult learners from two Portuguese urban areas. Using a person-centered approach, results of cluster analysis and multivariate analysis of covariance revealed four motivational groups with different effects in self-efficacy, engagement, and learning. The study showed that groups of learners who have high autonomous motivation in the beginning of a course score higher in self-efficacy and later on in behavioral engagement and use of deep-learning strategies, whereas those who have controlled motivation alone or low levels of both types of motivation have worse results. Additionally, the study showed motivational differences according to adult learners? gender, educational level, and occupational status. The influence of the Portuguese adult education system on the results and the implications of the study for the practice of adult education are also discussed.8C1E-AFB9-6BE1 | Maria Teresa Martins Gon?alvesN/

Adaptation and validation of a measure of students? adaptive and maladaptive ways of coping with academic problems

Little research has, to date, explored students? coping in the academic domain. Yet, children and adolescents frequently refer daily academic difficulties as a common source of stress. The ways children respond to academic demands have the potential to make a difference in their learning and achievement. Therefore, the availability of a measure of academic coping is of critical importance to expand educational research and practice in this area. The current study adapted and validated the Portuguese language version of the Multidimensional Measure of Coping (MMC). Cognitive interviewing, confirmatory factor analysis, and measurement invariance testing using calibration and validation samples provided sound support for the validity of the MMC to measure academic coping among Portuguese elementary and middle school students. Furthermore, the external and discriminant validity of the scale was established based on the relations found between adaptive and maladaptive coping and their differential functionality for academic performance.8C1E-AFB9-6BE1 | Maria Teresa Martins Gon?alvesN/

The nature and dimensions of achievement goals: mastery, evaluation, competition, and self-presentation goals

The present study aimed to clarify the nature and dimensions of achievement goals and to examine structural differences in students' goals across school levels. Participants were 134 students from 5th and 6th grades, and 423 students from 7th to 9th grades. A variety of achievement goals were assessed, including mastery goals and several performance-related goals representing three main dimensions: competition, self-presentation, and valence. Two alternative models were tested, using confirmatory factor analysis. For middle-school students a three factor model with presentation, competition, and simple evaluation/mastery goals, was found ??(132, N = 134) = 160.9, p < .001; CFI = .94; RMSEA = .04, 95%CI [.02 - .06]. In the junior-high sample, one avoidance factor, one competition factor, and a simple evaluation/mastery factor, best fitted the data ??(114, N = 423) = 269.8638 p < .001; CFI = .93; RMSEA = .06, 95%CI [.05 - .07] thus suggesting that distinct dimensions organize younger and older students' motivation. However, common to both grade levels was the existence of (a) separate but low incidence competition goals, and (b) simple evaluation goals, which encompass neither self-presentation nor competition, and are closely linked to mastery goals. Moreover, significant differences were found in the relative importance attached by students to the different types of goals (p < .001 for all comparisons), both at middle-school F(2, 266) = 220.98; p < .001; ?2 = .624) and at junior-high school F(2, 820) = 464.4; p < .001; ?2 = .531.8C1E-AFB9-6BE1 | Maria Teresa Martins Gon?alvesN/

Agricultura familiar e pol?tica p?blica: o programa de fomento ?s atividades produtivas rurais do Plano Brasil Sem Mis?ria em Datas-MG

O objetivo do presente trabalho ? investigar a implementa??o, a execu??o e os impactos da pol?tica p?blica para o setor da agricultura familiar em Datas, munic?pio localizado no estado de Minas Gerais, especificamente no Vale do Jequitinhonha ? regi?o foco de pol?ticas federais e estaduais desde a d?cada de 1960. Para tanto, esta pesquisa buscou um referencial te?rico e uma revis?o bibliogr?fica multidisciplinar sobre agricultura (familiar) e pol?tica p?blica; dados quantitativos para a caracteriza??o multiescalar da estrutura fundi?ria brasileira, principalmente das atividades produtivas em Datas; uma an?lise documental sobre o Plano Brasil Sem Mis?ria e seu Programa de Fomento ?s Atividades Produtivas Rurais; e, por fim, a produ??o prim?ria de dados quanti-qualitativos, por meio de 16 entrevistas domiciliares do total de 28 agricultores benefici?rios do Acordo de Coopera??o T?cnica 2016 (2017-2018), al?m da an?lise de dados internos da Emater-MG, empresa respons?vel pela execu??o do Programa no estado. Verificou-se que grande parte dos agricultores familiares se estrutura a partir de tr?s atividades produtivas: bovinocultura de leite, avicultura de postura, hortali?as e semelhantes. Os principais benef?cios apontados foram: melhoria de renda, incentivo ? produ??o, amplia??o de ?rea cultivada e estrutura??o da propriedade. Os objetivos alcan?ados com o Programa, segundo os pr?prios benefici?rios, est?o relacionados ao crescimento e desenvolvimento dos meios produtivos e melhorias na propriedade em geral. Como problemas para a produ??o agr?cola, o tempo ? o principal, seguido da comercializa??o, do atravessador, das pragas, da falta de recursos financeiros e, tamb?m, de assist?ncia t?cnica, quando se constatou o anseio dos agricultores por um apoio governamental cont?nuo. Concluiu-se, de modo geral, que a pol?tica p?blica foi executada de forma efetiva. Ainda assim, os trabalhos de campo proporcionaram informa??es adicionais sobre alguns gargalos na execu??o do Programa pela empresa, como a n?o substitui??o de fam?lias exclu?das do acordo, falta de registro documental do projeto estruturado e n?o amplia??o de mais visitas t?cnicas aos produtores locais.Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM)Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Humanas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2021.The objective of this paper is to investigate the implementation, execution and impacts of public policy for the family agriculture sector in Datas, a municipality located in the Minas Gerais State, specifically in the Jequitinhonha Valley ? a focus region for federal and state policies since the 1960s. To this end, this research sought a theoretical reference and a multidisciplinary bibliographic review on (family) agriculture and public policy; quantitative data for the multiscale characterization of the Brazilian land structure, especially productive activities in Dates; a documentary analysis of the Brazil Without Misery Plan and its Program to Promote Rural Productive Activities; and finally the primary production of quanti-qualitative data, through 16 household interviews of the total of 28 farmers beneficiaries of the Technical Cooperation Agreement 2016 (2017-2018), in addition to the analysis of internal data from Emater-MG, the company responsible for implementing the Program in the state. It was found that most family farmers are structured based on three productive activities: dairy cattle, laying poultry, vegetables and similar. The main benefits pointed out were: income improvement, production incentive, expansion of cultivated area and property structuring. The objectives achieved with the Program, according to the beneficiaries, are related to the growth and development of productive means and improvements in the property in general. As problems for agricultural production, the weather is the main one, followed by commercialization, crossing, plagues, lack of financial resources and, also, of technical assistance, when farmers' desire for continued government support was noted. It was concluded, in general, that public policy was effectively implemented. Even so, the field work provided additional information on some bottlenecks in the implementation of the Program by the company, such as the non-replacement of families excluded from the agreement, the lack of documentary record of the structured project and the non-expansion of more technical visits to local producers

Image recognition-based architecture to enhance inclusive mobility of visually impaired people in smart and urban environments

The demographic growth that we have witnessed in recent years, which is expected to increase in the years to come, raises emerging challenges worldwide regarding urban mobility, both in transport and pedestrian movement. The sustainable development of cities is also intrinsically linked to urban planning and mobility strategies. The tasks of navigation and orientation in cities are something that we resort to today with great frequency, especially in unknown cities and places. Current navigation solutions refer to the precision aspect as a big challenge, especially between buildings in city centers. In this paper, we focus on the segment of visually impaired people and how they can obtain information about where they are when, for some reason, they have lost their orientation. Of course, the challenges are different and much more challenging in this situation and with this population segment. GPS, a technique widely used for navigation in outdoor environments, does not have the precision we need or the most beneficial type of content because the information that a visually impaired person needs when lost is not the name of the street or the coordinates but a reference point. Therefore, this paper includes the proposal of a conceptual architecture for outdoor positioning of visually impaired people using the Landmark Positioning approach.5311-8814-F0ED | Sara Maria da Cruz Maia de Oliveira PaivaN/

Lattice microstructure design for cathode electrodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

The electrode geometry is an essential parameter affecting the cycling performance of batteries. In this work, the effect of lattice geometry of the cathode electrode on battery performance was studied by theoretical simulations keeping its volume constant. It was observed that the variation of the lattice geometry improves the cycling performance when compared to conventional planar geometry. The improvement of the cycling performance in the lattice geometry is related to variations in the electrolyte current density. It was demonstrated that the lattice geometry allows to improve the discharge performance in lithium-ion batteries at higher discharge rates.511F-603F-4B30 | Francisco MirandaN/