Hepatitis B cure: From discovery to regulatory approval

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138245/1/hep29323.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138245/2/hep29323_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138245/3/hep29323-sup-0001-supptable1.pd

Irrigation and drainage in the new millennium

Presented at the 2000 USCID international conference, Challenges facing irrigation and drainage in the new millennium on June 20-24 in Fort Collins, Colorado.Includes bibliographical references.A field study was conducted at Mashtul Pilot Area MPA (260 feddans' 1 feddan = 4200 m2) situated at north Zagazig to evaluate the performance of the long term constructed subsurface drainage system. The evaluation of grades, alignment and clogging of drain lines can give an indication of the system performance and efficiency. Three drainage units served by the same collector were selected. Four 30 m interval PVC lateral pipes were installed at different depths. The results revealed that, the collector drain slopes were either steep or flat while the overall slope of the collector drain was considered steep for about 45.50% of the sections and flat for the rest. On the other hand, some sections showed an inverse slope which can cause a decrease in the discharge rate. The regularity was classified as good for about 82% of the sections and moderate for the rest. The slope of the lateral drains was correct for 41.7% of those under study (12 lateral drains), steep for 16.60%, and flat for the rest, and the regularity was classified as poor except lateral number 71 which had moderate regularity in the first approach while, in the second approach 41.67% had moderate regularity and poor for the rest. Also the deviation of the drain pipes from the straight line was generally larger than pipe diameter. Consequently, air entrapment and sedimentation resulted. The results also indicated that, the average height of sedimentation inside lateral drains was 12.70 mm (618.30 gm/m drain length) while for collector drains, sediment was in 22.88% of pipe diameter. The average reduction in discharge capacity due to sedimentation for laterals and collectors upstream and downstream parts were 17.17%, 32.80% and 17.60% respectively. Also using Manning, Visser and Wesseling equations leads to different safety factors

MATHEMATICAL THINKING DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN WAYS OF UNDERSTANDING, WAYS OF THINKING: SEBUAH KAJIAN PUSTAKA

Abstrak:Awal munculnya istilah “Mathematical Thinking” merujuk kepada istilah dari buku yang sangat terkenal berjudul Thinking Mathematically dengan jumlah sitasi saat ini mencapai 1781. Buku ini ditulis oleh John Mason dengan Leone Burton dan Kaye Stacey tahun 1982. Buku ini menjadi rujukan dari beberapa peneliti lainnya. Di buku ini, Mathematical Thinking proses dibagi menjadi 2 pasang proses yaitu Specialising and Generalising kemudian Conjecturing and Convincing. Namun, istilah “Mathematical Thinking”memiliki beberapa pergeseran makna sesuai dengan perkembangan dari tahun ke tahun. Selain itu, paper ini juga membahas kaitan antara “Mathematical Thinking” atau berpikir matematis dengan ways of understanding dan ways of thinking. Kata Kunci: Mathematical Thinking; ways of understanding; ways of thinking Abstract:Early term of "Mathematical Thinking" refers to the term from a very famous book entitled Thinking Mathematically with the current number of citations reaching 1781. This book was written by John Mason with Leone Burton and Kaye Stacey in 1982. This book became a reference for several other researchers. In this book, the Mathematical Thinking process is divided into 2 pairs of processes, namely Specializing and Generalising then Conjecturing and Convincing. However, the meaning of mathematical thinking has changed according to developments from year to year. In addition, this paper also discusses the relationship between "Mathematical Thinking" with ways of understanding and ways of thinking.conclusions

Performance of Close Anode Cathodic Protection System Applied to a Plane Metallic Grid

In CP technique the negative shift in cathode potential determines the degree of protection against corrosion. This shift occurs by two mechanisms: the first is depression of cathode potential relative to electrolyte (Remote Anode Systems). The second is elevation of electrolyte potential in the vicinity of cathode relative to electrolyte (Close Anode Systems). These systems are considerably sensitive to anode position because of sharp changes in electrolyte potential with variation of anode location (proximity effect). Our work is to investigate the performance of CP system under conditions of variable anode position, applied to mild steel grid simulating steel reinforced concrete

The Moment Problem in Hypercomplex Systems

This paper is devoted to give the necessary and sufficient conditions guarantees that the product of two generalized moment functions defined in a hypercomplex system L1(Q,m) is also generalized moment function in L1(Q,m) . Also, we prove that a bounded continuous function  in a hypercomplex system L1(Q,m) is conditionally positive definite if and only if is generalized moment functions defined in L1(Q,m) . Moreover, we will give the integral representations of a generalized moment functions defined in L1 (Q, m)

Pengaruh Durasi Bermain Advergame Terhadap Levels of Comprehension (Tingkat Pemahaman) Dari Brand Message (Pesan Merek)

Cool Cubes, sebuah advergame yang dirancang khusus untukmenyampaikan brand message (pesan merek) dari Lipton Ice Tea. Brand message(pesan merek) di dalam advergame ini disampaikan melalui konten-konten yangada di dalam advergame. Advergame sendiri merupakan salah satu alatkomunikasi pemasaran yang sudah lama digunakan di luar negeri, tetapi masihjarang digunakan di Indonesia.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh durasi bermainadvergame terhadap levels of comprehension (tingkat pemahaman) dari brandmessage (pesan merek). Dengan pendekatan positivism, penelitian ini digunakanuntuk menjelaskan relasi sebab-akibat antar 2 variabel, dengan total 24 indikator.Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental dengan tekniknon-probability sampling dengan jumlah total populasi sampling sebanyak 30sample. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan empat proseduryaitu uji normalitas Kolomogrov Smirnov dengan uji beda dua kali pengukuranWilcoxon dan uji normalitas Saphiro Wilk dengan analisis komparatif duakelompok beda Independent Sample T-Test sehingga ditemukan pemgaruh durasibermain advergame terhadap levels of comprehension (tingkat pemahaman) daribrand message (pesan merek).Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa ada pengaruh antara durasi bermainadvergame terhadap levels of comprehension (tingkat pemahaman) dari brandmessage (pesan merek). Pengaruh ini ditunjukan melalui perbedaan nilai rata-ratadari levels of comprehension (tingkat pemahaman) pada dua kelompok yang diuji.Kelompok yang memainkan advergame dengan durasi yang tinggi memiliki levelsof comprehension (tingkat pemahaman) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengankelompok yang memainkan advergame dengan durasi rendah

Metabolic engineering of Arabidopsis for butanetriol production using bacterial genes

Includes bibliographical references (pages 119-120).1,2,4-butanetriol (butanetriol) is a useful precursor for the synthesis of the energetic material butanetriol trinitrate and several pharmaceutical compounds. Bacterial synthesis of butanetriol from xylose or arabinose takes place in a pathway that requires four enzymes. To produce butanetriol in plants by expressing bacterial enzymes, we cloned native bacterial or codon optimized synthetic genes under different promoters into a binary vector and stably transformed Arabidopsis plants. Transgenic lines expressing introduced genes were analyzed for the production of butanetriol using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Soil-grown transgenic plants expressing these genes produced up to 20 µg/g of butanetriol. To test if an exogenous supply of pentose sugar precursors would enhance the butanetriol level, transgenic plants were grown in a medium supplemented with either xylose or arabinose and the amount of butanetriol was quantified. Plants expressing synthetic genes in the arabinose pathway showed up to a forty-fold increase in butanetriol levels after arabinose was added to the medium. Transgenic plants expressing either bacterial or synthetic xylose pathways, or the arabinose pathway showed toxicity symptoms when xylose or arabinose was added to the medium, suggesting that a by-product in the pathway or butanetriol affected plant growth. Furthermore, the metabolite profile of plants expressing arabinose and xylose pathways was altered. Our results demonstrate that bacterial pathways that produce butanetriol can be engineered into plants to produce this chemical. This proof-of-concept study for phytoproduction of butanetriol paves the way to further manipulate metabolic pathways in plants to enhance the level of butanetriol production.Published with support from the Colorado State University Libraries Open Access Research and Scholarship Fund

Therapeutic effect of antimyeloma antibodies conjugated with gold nanoparticles on the growth of myeloma cell line

Nanobiotechnology is a field of biomedical application of nanosize system which is a rapidly developing area within nanotechnology among these nonmaterial, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) which receive a significant attention due to their unique physical, chemical and biological properties. AuNPs and bio-conjugated AuNPs have been widely used in cancer treatment besides other application on cancer detection and diagnosis. In this study the potential therapeutic effects of polyclonal Antimyeloma antibody (AbMM) conjugated to AuNPs in comparison with naked (AbMM) or AuNPs alone in modulation of proliferation capacity in vitro and different stages of MM cell cycle have been evaluated besides evaluation of their effects on tumor growth delay. Effect of AuNPs , (AbMM) and (Nanogold -Antimyeloma Antibodies conjugate) (gold-AbMM) on growth of myeloma cells showed decreasing in multiple myeloma SP2OR (MM) viability with increasing dose of these treatments compared to that of control also a significant enhancement in the apoptosis after conjugation of Nanogold to the Antimyeloma was observed. The induction of apoptosis with gold-AbMM was significantly higher than the MM cells exposed to only AbMM or AuNPs. The study concluded that the efficacy of (gold-AbMM) on induced myeloma growth inhibition is better than that of individual AuNPs and AbMM

High resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function tests in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Background: Alveolar and airway injury represent one of the most common features of rheumatological diseases and is believed to have a significant impact on the course of these diseases. Objective: This work aimed at evaluating airway and alveolar involvement in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Methods: Thirty four children (21 with SLE and 13 with JRA) were assessed by pulmonary function tests (PFTs) namely spirometry and carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) in comparison to 10 healthy controls, as well as by plain roentgenography and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest. Results: The studied patients had significantly lower mean PFT values as compared to controls. A restrictive pattern of PFTs was more common as it was detected in 62% of patients with SLE and 23% of those with JRA whereas an obstructive pattern was detected in 14% and 8% respectively. Significantly lower FEF 25-75% values were detected in symptomatic patients. Low values of DLCO (less than 80% of predicted) were recorded in 60% of the studied patients. Chest HRCT was abnormal in 68% of studied patients. In SLE, ground glass appearance and pleural irregularity were the most common findings whereas in JRA, bronchial wall thickening, mosaic appearance and air trapping were prominent. Abnormal findings were detected in 5/9 of asymptomatic patients. Conclusion: airway and alveolar abnormalities are frequently encountered in children with SLE (95%) and JRA (85%) even if they are asymptomatic. HRCT and pulmonary function tests including diffusion studies are recommended as useful tools for the diagnosis and early detection of pulmonary involvement in these patients.Keywords: JRA, SLE, HRCT, PFTs, DLCOEgypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2004; 2(1): 8-1

Amorphous Mo₅O₁₄-Type/Carbon Nanocomposite with Enhanced Electrochemical Capability for Lithium-Ion Batteries

An amorphous MomO3m−1/carbon nanocomposite (m ≈ 5) is fabricated from a citrate–gel precursor heated at moderate temperature (500 °C) in inert (argon) atmosphere. The as-prepared Mo5O14-type/C material is compared to α-MoO3 synthesized from the same precursor in air. The morphology and microstructure of the as-prepared samples are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman scattering (RS) spectroscopy. Thermal gravimetry and elemental analysis indicate the presence of 25.8 ± 0.2% of carbon in the composite. The SEM images show that Mo5O14 is immersed inside a honeycomb-like carbon matrix providing high surface area. The RS spectrum of Mo5O14/C demonstrates an oxygen deficiency in the molybdenum oxide and the presence of a partially graphitized carbon. Outstanding improvement in electrochemical performance is obtained for the Mo5O14 encapsulated by carbon in comparison with the carbon-free MoO3. View Full-Tex