Thermostable &#945-amylase production by Bacillus firmus CAS 7 using potato peel as a substrate

Thermostable alkaline α-amylase producing bacterium Bacillus firmus CAS 7 strain isolated from marine sediment of Parangipettai coast grew maximally in both shake flasks. Potato peel was found to be a superior substrate for the production of α-amylase at 35°C, pH 7.5 and 1.0% of substrate concentrations. Under optimal conditions, B. firmus produced 676 U/ml of -amylase which was optimally active at 50°C and pH 9.0.Key words: α-Amylase, potato peel substrate, Bacillus firmus CAS 7, thermostable, marine

Enzyme production from food wastes using a biorefinery concept

According to Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), one-third of food produced globally for human consumption (nearly 1.3 billion tonnes) is lost along the food supply chain. In many countries food waste is currently landfilled or incinerated together with other combustible municipal wastes for possible recovery of energy. However, these two options are facing more and more economic and environmental stresses. Due to its organic- and nutrient-rich nature, theoretically food waste can be converted to valuable products (e.g. bio-products such as methane, hydrogen, ethanol, enzymes, organic acids, chemicals and fuels) through various fermentation processes. Such conversion of food waste is potentially more profitable than its conversion to animal feed or transportation fuel. Food waste valorisation has therefore gained interest, with value added bio-products such as methane, hydrogen, ethanol, enzymes, organic acids, chemicals, and fuels. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide information on the food waste situation with emphasis on Asia–Pacific countries and the state of the art food waste processing technologies to produce enzymes

Investigation in Autonomous Line Follower Robot

212-216The line follower robot is a mobile machine that can detect and follow a line drawn on the floor. In this paper, a predefined path is provided and the path is made up of a black line on a white surface with high contrast color. The mobile robot senses the path with two of its infrared sensors that installed under the robot and a third infrared sensor is used for obstacle avoidance. The left sensor controls the right wheel and the right sensor control the left wheel. The sensors detect the path and provide the information to the microprocessor. The microprocessor activates the motors depending on the path which may be straight or curved. The robot is allowed to follow a line of 4m length with varying wheel diameter and Castor position. The times taken for the travel under different arrangement were tabulated. Design of Experiments is used for finding optimal design parameters of the robot for time taken to complete the travel along the predefined path. The parameters considered are Wheel Diameter ‘D’ for three levels (70 mm, 80 mm, 90 mm), Centre to Centre (C-C Distance) between the Caster wheel centre and the Rear wheel centre for three levels (90 mm, 100 mm, 112 mm). Finally empirical model have been formulated by the application of Regression Modeling after evaluation of Test of hypothesis for above mentioned levels and factors for significant effects. The results obtained from the design of experiments are given fed in to the fuzzy logic controller. The results of the two methods were compared and obtained satisfactory results

Study And Analysis of Unstable Slope In Burliar, The Nilgiris-India

Landslide is the sudden and rapid downward movement of a mass of rocks or earth on a steep slope. Landslide is one of the major natural hazards that affect most of the area all over the world. In India landslide mostly occurs in hilly terrains of Northern Himalayas and Southern Western and Eastern Ghats. The Nilgiris hills is located at the convergence zone of the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats and characterized by a lateritic cap, which is sensitive to over-saturation and highly landslide prone. Rainfall data’s collected from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). The data’s about the landslide is taken from Geological Survey of India (GSI). Burliar location, which is nearer to foothill of Nilgiris mountain range, is considered for the study and the Slope stability analysis is done. Soil sample were collected and laboratory investigations are carried out to find the Engineering and strength properties of soil. Results show that the soil is classified under SM category. Very fine composed of high silt content over a very deep depth. The soil-rock interface is easily softened by the rainfall which smoothens the surface leads to slope failure. Also the silty soil is easily carried away by even small rainfall which leads to hue downpour of soil around roads and valleys

Response Behaviour of a Multi-Storied Building by Effective Positioning of the Shear Wall

The loads, different combination of loads is applied to the structure model of a G+9 building designed and located at the seismic zone IV. Based on the results, the effective position of shear walls in building plan is suggested. In this paper the main focus is to determine the solution for shear wall location in multi-storey building based on the Equivalent static method of analysis

Evaluation of water quality pollution indices for heavy metal contamination monitoring: A case study from Curtin Lake, Miri City, East Malaysia

An integrated approach of pollution evaluation indices and statistical techniques was employed to assess the intensity and sources of pollution in Curtin Lake water, Miri City, East Malaysia. Fe, Pb and Se concentrations in most of the water samples exceed the maximum admissible concentration. The heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) shows strong correlations with heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and degree of contamination (Cd), and gives a better assessment of pollution levels. Samples from all the 25 locations in the lake were classified as high in Cd and low in HPI compared with the respective critical values. The modified schemes of HPI and Cd show comparable results with HEI and indicate that about 48 % of the samples with values lower than mean were classed as low contamination and the remaining samples (52 %) with values greater than the mean were classed as medium contamination. Cluster analysis, principal component analysis and pollution indices reveal that the quality of water is mainly controlled by natural/geogenic processes with minor anthropogenic input. US Salinity Laboratory plot and EC classification were also been used to assess the suitability of lake water for agricultural purpose. The current distribution level ofheavy metal in the lake water is of environmental and health concerns and needs attention

Project Execution Methods of Mumbai Metro Line 3: Package 5 & 6

Mumbai, the financial capital of India, has witnessed phenomenal growth in population and employment. Meanwhile, to reduce the traffic congestion, it becomes mandatory to the government to expand the traffic connectivity. Currently, Mumbai Metro line 2 and Metro line 3 are under construction. This research article details about the construction methods and construction technique executed at the underground construction of Mumbai Metro line 3: Package 5 and Package 6. These Packages are important, since it involves Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai and underground tunnel construction in this area is also very sensitive. This paper also includes the major problems faced during construction phase in Package 5 and 6

Antibacterial and antifungal activities of polychaete <i style="">Perinereis cultrifera</i>

257-261 Water, methanol and acetone extracts of polychaete Perinereis cultrifera were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Extracts were obtained from the whole body tissue of the animals and tested against 10 different pathogenic bacteria and 4 pathogenic fungi. Fractionated extracts of acetone (A), methanol (M) and acetone with methanol prepared in different concentrations such as 1, 5, 25, 50,100, 200, mg/l were also tested against bacterial pathogens. Among the extracts, methanol showed maximum antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (8.0 mm) and minimum against Klebsiella oxytoca (1.0 mm) both in methanol and acetone extracts. As regards antifungal pathogens, methanol extract showed maximum activity against Rhizopus sp. (12.0mm) and minimum against Aspergillus niger (2.0mm) in the water extract. Trace activity was noticed against Mucor spp. and A. niger in water and acetone extracts respectively.</smarttagtype

Biofortification of Zinc and Iron through Fortified Organics Along with NPK Levels on the Quality, Nutrient Uptake and Productivity of Brinjal in Coastal Saline Soil

To evaluate the response of zinc and iron fortified organic manure along with NPK levels on nutrient content, uptake and productivity of brinjal in coastal saline soil, a field experiment was conducted in farmer’s field at Ponnanthittu coastal village, near Chidambaram, Cuddalore District, Tamilnadu with brinjal var. Annamalai during August – December 2022. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with four levels of NPK (0, 100, 125, 150%) and three levels of micronutrients (Zn and Fe) fortified organics like 100% Zn Fortified Composted Coir pith (ZnFCCP), 100% Fe Fortified Composted Coir pith (FeFCCP) and 100% Zn + Fe Fortified Composted Coir pith (Zn+FeFCCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 , respectively). The result showed that individual and combined application of 150 % of NPK along with 100% Zn + Fe Fortified Composted Coir pith (Zn+FeFCCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 excelled over other treatments and recorded higher values on growth (plant height, number of branches plant-1, Dry matter production), yield (fruit and stover), nutrient content and uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc) of brinjal in coastal saline soil