Notes on the Occurrence of a Black Bituminous Shale near Palo, Linn County, Iowa

The rock formations of Linn County belong to the Devonian period. During an examination with the possible exploitation of Devonian rock as a source of Portland Cement, Mr. A. S. Hammond and others of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, encountered in an excavation near Palo, Iowa, a black, bituminous shale. The shale is fine-grained and in places very bituminous. The layers vary in thickness from mere seams along bedding planes to an inch in thickness where exposed in the excavation, and lie at various depths below the surface in the valley of Little Bear creek. The presence of an old shaft sunk by farmers with the possible finding of coal in view, led to further exploration, of which this is a report

Notes on the Occurrence of Oolitic Limestone in the Otis Beds of the Devonian, Kenwood, Iowa

A very prominent outcrop of the Otis limestone occurs along the valley of Indian creek at a point known as Horse Thief Cave, about one-half mile south of the town of Kenwood, Iowa. At this place the exposed beds contain the characteristic Spirifer subumbonus Hall

An Extinct Glacial Pond near Cedar Rapids, Linn County, Iowa

The basin of an extinct glacial pond exists three miles northwest of Cedar Rapids on the east bluff of the Cedar River, in Section 8, Township 83 North, Range 7 West, near the power line of the Iowa Railway & Light Co. (See map of location)

Anticlines of the State of Iowa

This paper was written because the author has felt the need of a report covering the anticlinal folds of the State of Iowa, together with a record of the drilling which has been done

Fall-Planted Cover Crops for Weed Suppression in Western Kansas

The widespread evolution of herbicide-resistant (HR) kochia and Palmer amaranth warrants the use of alternative ecological-based strategies for weed management in no-tillage (NT) dryland cropping systems in western Kansas. A field study was established in the fall of 2020 at Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center near Hays, KS, to determine the impact of fall-planted cover crop (CC) mixture on 1) kochia and Palmer amaranth suppression (density and biomass reduction), and 2) Palmer amaranth emergence dynamics in subsequent grain sorghum. A CC mixture of winter triticale, winter pea, radish, and rapeseed was planted in wheat stubble in the fall of 2020. The CC mixture was terminated at triticale heading stage on May 26, 2021 by using 1) Roundup PowerMax (glyphosate) at 32 fl oz/a, and 2) Roundup PowerMax at 32 fl oz/a + Degree Xtra (premix of acetochlor + atrazine) at 2.2 quart/a. A chemical fallow treatment (without CC) was included for comparison. The study site was planted with grain sorghum hybrid ‘DKS 38-16’ on June 10, 2021. The CC mixture produced an average of 1360 lb/a aboveground biomass at the time of termination. The CC terminated with Roundup PowerMax + Degree Xtra had 98 and 95% less total weed density at 0 and 30 days after termination (DAT), respectively, compared to chemical fallow. No difference in weed density was observed at later evaluations. At grain sorghum harvest, CC terminated with Roundup PowerMax and Roundup PowerMax + Degree Xtra reduced total weed biomass by 61% and 73%, respectively, compared to chemical fallow. The time taken to reach 10, 50, and 90% cumulative emergence of Palmer amaranth was delayed by 9, 15, and 21 days, respectively, in CC terminated with Roundup PowerMax and 11, 39, and 128 days, respectively, in CC terminated with Roundup PowerMax + Degree Xtra when compared with chemical fallow. Grain sorghum yield did not differ between CC and chemical fallow treatments. These results suggest that a fall-planted CC mixture can play an important role for kochia and Palmer amaranth suppression in NT dryland crop production in western Kansas

The impact of ocean acidification and warming on the skeletal mechanical properties of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus from laboratory and field observations

Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration is leading to changes in the carbonate chemistry and the temperature of the ocean. The impact of these processes on marine organisms will depend on their ability to cope with those changes, particularly the maintenance of calcium carbonate structures. Both a laboratory experiment (long-term exposure to decreased pH and increased temperature) and collections of individuals from natural environments characterized by low pH levels (individuals from intertidal pools and around a CO2 seep) were here coupled to comprehensively study the impact of near-future conditions of pH and temperature on the mechanical properties of the skeleton of the euechinoid sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. To assess skeletal mechanical properties, we characterized the fracture force, Young's modulus, second moment of area, material nanohardness, and specific Young's modulus of sea urchin test plates. None of these parameters were significantly affected by low pH and/or increased temperature in the laboratory experiment and by low pH only in the individuals chronically exposed to lowered pH from the CO2 seeps. In tidal pools, the fracture force was higher and the Young's modulus lower in ambital plates of individuals from the rock pool characterized by the largest pH variations but also a dominance of calcifying algae, which might explain some of the variation. Thus, decreases of pH to levels expected for 2100 did not directly alter the mechanical properties of the test of P. lividus. Since the maintenance of test integrity is a question of survival for sea urchins and since weakened tests would increase the sea urchins' risk of predation, our findings indicate that the decreasing seawater pH and increasing seawater temperature expected for the end of the century should not represent an immediate threat to sea urchins vulnerability

Efeito do duplo envelhecimento no módulo de elasticidade da liga Ti-12Mo-13Nb

Ligas de Ti do tipo b estão sendo muito estudadas para aplicação em dispositivos biomédicos por apresentarem um balanço de vantagens em relação às outras ligas de Ti. Contudo, para um material ser utilizado como implante ortopédico é necessário um balanço entre alta resistência e baixo módulo de elasticidade. Várias microestruturas podem ser obtidas por diferentes tratamentos de envelhecimento os quais influenciam várias propriedades das ligas e, portanto, um satisfatório tratamento de envelhecimento poderá resultar num melhor balanço entre baixo módulo de elasticidade e alta resistência. Há vários tratamentos de envelhecimento que podem ser realizados em uma liga β metaestável, um destes é o duplo envelhecimento. O foco deste envelhecimento é obter uma precipitação de fase α mais fina e uniforme. O Objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito do duplo envelhecimento no módulo de elasticidade da liga Ti-12Mo-13Nb. A liga Ti-12Mo-13Nb foi processada termomecanicamente e passou por um duplo envelhecimento que consistiu primeiramente num envelhecimento na temperatura de 300 ºC por 10 min, 4 e 24 h e um subsequente envelhecimento na temperatura de 500 ºC por 24 h. Como resultado foi observado que não houve variação significativa no módulo de elasticidade com a variação da fração volumétrica da fase ω durante o envelhecimento prévio

Use of FreeStyle Libre Flash Monitor Register in the Netherlands (FLARE-NL1):Patient Experiences, Satisfaction, and Cost Analysis

In patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), adequate glucose control is of major importance. When treatment schemes become more complicated, proper self-management through intermittent self-measurement of blood glucose (SMBG), among others, becomes crucial in achieving this goal. In the last decade, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been on the rise, providing not only intermittent information but also information on continuous glucose trends. The FreeStyle Libre (FSL) Flash CGM system is a CGM system mainly used for patients with DM and is designed based on the same techniques as early CGMs. Compared with earlier CGMs, the FSL is factory calibrated, has no automated readings or direct alarms, and is cheaper to use. Although less accurate compared with the gold standard for SMBG, users report high satisfaction because it is easy to use and can help users monitor glucose trends. The Flash Monitor Register in the Netherlands (FLARE-NL) study aims to assess the effects of FSL Flash CGM use in daily practice. The study has a before-after design, with each participant being his or her own control. Users will be followed for at least 1 year. The endpoints include changes in HbA1c, frequency and severity of hypoglycemias, and quality of life. In addition, the effects of its use on work absenteeism rate, diabetes-related hospital admission rate, and daily functioning (including sports performance) will be studied. Furthermore, cost-benefit analysis based on the combination of registered information within the health insurance data will be investigated. Ultimately, the data gathered in this study will help increase the knowledge and skills of the use of the Flash CGM in daily practice and assess the financial impact on the use of the Flash CGM within the Dutch healthcare system