To study the Ayurvedic perspective of Multiple Sclerosis with special reference to Dhatukshayajanya Vaatvyadhi

Ayurveda is an ancient holistic science of life that has put forth etiology of various diseases along with principles for its treatment. The advancement and research in the field of Ayurveda has led to acceptance of Ayurvedic principles and concepts in the understanding and treatment of newly evolving diseases, which are not mentioned in classical texts. Of which Multiple Sclerosis is the one. Multiple Sclerosis, is an autoimmune disease, characterised by chronic inflammation and demyelination with remissions and exacerbations of clinical signs and symptoms. We do not get any direct narration of Multiple Sclerosis in the Ayurvedic text. But on the basis of similarities with the Lakshana and involvement of Dosh, Dushya and Srotas in the etiology of the disease, it can be correlated with Dhatukshyajanya Vaatvyadhi. Vatavyadhi is a broad term, which implies the vitiation of other Dosha and Dushya in a special way by Vayu to produce diseases in the entire body or in a specific part of the body. Thus, the present paper will be a sincere effort to study Multiple Sclerosis under the umbrella of Dhatukshyajanya Vaatvyadhi, which may be useful in identification and treatment of Multiple Sclerosis with the Ayurvedic aspect

Assessment of genetic variability parameters and trait association in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

A study conducted during the 2022–2023 season evaluated 15 chilli genotypes, including one check variety, to identify those with superior yield and quality traits. The genotypes exhibited significant genetic variability, indicating broad genetic diversity across morphological and yield parameters. Traits such as fruit width (98.77 %), ascorbic acid content (99.83 %), and fruits per plant (99.83 %) showed high heritability and genetic advance, underscoring the predominance of additive genetic effects and highlighting their potential for improvement through selection. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations between fruit yield per plot and traits such as fruit weight (0.805 and 0.711), fruit length (0.593 and 0.462), and fruit width (0.676 and 0.572), emphasizing their collective contribution to yield. Path coefficient analysis showed significant direct effects of traits like fruit width, fruit weight, and hundred seed weight on fruit yield. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first component was the most influential in explaining the variance. This study stands out by providing detailed insights into the genetic variability of chilli genotypes, offering a more comprehensive understanding compared to previous research. These findings have essential breeding implications, specifically recommending that breeders focus on traits with high heritability and genetic advance, such as fruit width, fruit weight, and ascorbic acid content, to enhance yield and quality. Breeding programs should prioritize these traits for selection to develop high-yielding, nutrient-rich chilli cultivars with improved resilience and consistency. This approach will help accelerate the development of improved chilli varieties, benefiting both commercial production and consumer health

A concise review on Trillium govanianum (Wall. ex D. Don) Kunth. - An endemic endangered medicinal plant from the Western Himalayas

Trillium govanianum (Wall.ex D.Don) Kunth., also called Nag Chhatri or Teen Patra, is a member of the Melanthiaceae family (Trilliaceae). It is a threatened, endemic, perennial, angiospermic herb primarily indigenous to the Himalayas. It is extensively found in Bhutan, Nepal, the Himalayan area, Pakistan, India and China, with elevations from 2500 to 4000 meters. In traditional medicine, T. govanianum rootstocks treat abscesses, dysentery and inflammation while addressing menstrual irregularities and sexual disorders. Functioning as an antiseptic, it contributes to the healing of wounds. The plant showcases pain relief, anti-inflammatory, anticancer potential and antifungal qualities. Analysis of its phytochemical composition has identified a range of compounds, including steroids, saponins, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids and fatty acid esters. Notably, the predominant active components are steroidal saponins. This review offers concise perspectives on a range of aspects such as taxonomy, origin and evolution, morphology, reproductive behavior, life cycle, geographical distribution, ecology, genetics, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacognosy, production and trading, conservation, propagation, adulteration and the utilization of T. govanianum

FORMULATION OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF FLURBIPROFEN EMULGEL

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate flurbiprofen (FLB) emulgel, evaluation of the formulations and the selection of an optimized formulation through in vitro drug release and drug content studies. Flurbiprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) requiring frequent administration and its chronic intake can lead to systemic side effects like gastric irritation and GI bleeding. The development of a dermal drug delivery system can overcome these side effects. Methods: The emulgel formulations were produced using different combinations of oil and emulsifying agents. Carbopol 940 was used as a gelling agent. The prepared emulgels were evaluated for general appearance, pH, spreadability, extrudability, drug content, in vitro drug release, average globule size and viscosity. Results: Optimized formulation F7 showed a better in vitro drug release compared to the marketed gel preparation. The stability study for the optimized formulation was carried out at 25 °C/60 % RH for 3 mo and the emulgel was found to be stable concerning the physical appearance, pH and drug content. Conclusion: The study revolved around the formulation of emulgel containing Flurbiprofen for dermal delivery of the drug. Emulgel was formulated with the purpose to enhance the permeation of poorly water-soluble drug FLB. The study concluded that the optimized emulgel containing FLB exhibited better in vitro drug release profile compared to the marketed formulation

Surgical management of complex Fistula-in-ano (Bhagandara) by Sphincter Preserving Technique (with Ksharasutra Therapy) - A Case Study

Surgical management of complex fistula-in-ano is difficult and it is a challenge to any surgeon because there is high chances of recurrence and fear of incontinence due to injury of anal sphincteric muscles during surgical intervention. Sushruta has developed many surgical procedures, Ksharasutra is one of them. It is a medicated alkaline thread, which cut the fistulous tract slowly and gradually followed by healing. It also helps in draining pus from fistulous tract. Its treatment is still a challenge to the surgeons because of its high reoccurrence rate. So, the main goals for the treatment of Fisutula-inAno are preservation of continence, cicatrisation as possible due to low rate of recurrence. In Ayurveda, Ksharasutra therapy could reduce recurrence with success rate of 96.67%. A 30 years/male came to Shalya OPD with complaints of intermittent watery discharge from perianal region. After local examination and investigations he diagnosed as a case of Fistula-in-ano. He got operated thrice already for this complaint. He was put on for Ksharasutra therapy and the patient got cured from fistula with no complications. Therefore, the Ayurvedic surgery has shown potential for larger public health benefits for such type of cases

RELIABILITY OPTIMIZATION OF A DEGRADED SYSTEM UNDER PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

The reliability parameters of a Mathematical model are analyzed for a system with three identical units and a standby. In this study, the primary unit is considered more important due to its high cost and working in two types of degraded conditions before a complete malfunction. Under the concept of preventive maintenance, the states of deterioration are reversed. The working of the system under two different efficiencies is discussed. The reliability of the Mathematical model, depending on the availability and working time, has been optimized using the Mathematical tool “Genetic Algorithm”. The optimum values of all parameters based on the exponential distribution are considered to optimize the reliability, and thus provide maximum benefits to the industry. Sensitivity analysis of the availability and the working time is carried out to understand the effects of changing parameters. Graphical and tabular analyses are presented to discuss the results and to draw conclusions about the system’s behavior

Pancreas and islet morphology in cystic fibrosis: clues to the etiology of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-organ disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in CFTR (which encodes the CF transmembrane conductance regulator ion channel). Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) occurs in 40-50% of adults with CF and is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality. CFRD arises from insufficient insulin release from β cells in the pancreatic islet, but the mechanisms underlying the loss of β cell function remain understudied. Widespread pathological changes in the CF pancreas provide clues to these mechanisms. The exocrine pancreas is the epicenter of pancreas pathology in CF, with ductal pathology being the initiating event. Loss of CFTR function results in ductal plugging and subsequent obliteration. This in turn leads to destruction of acinar cells, fibrosis and fatty replacement. Despite this adverse environment, islets remain relatively well preserved. However, islet composition and arrangement are abnormal, including a modest decrease in β cells and an increase in α, δ and γ cell abundance. The small amount of available data suggest that substantial loss of pancreatic/islet microvasculature, autonomic nerve fibers and intra-islet macrophages occur. Conversely, T-cell infiltration is increased and, in CFRD, islet amyloid deposition is a frequent occurrence. Together, these pathological changes clearly demonstrate that CF is a disease of the pancreas/islet microenvironment. Any or all of these changes are likely to have a dramatic effect on the β cell, which relies on positive signals from all of these neighboring cell types for its normal function and survival. A thorough characterization of the CF pancreas microenvironment is needed to develop better therapies to treat, and ultimately prevent CFRD

Formulation And Evaluation of Polyherbal Powdered Shampoo for Healthy Hair

Herbal powder shampoos have gained popularity as natural alternatives to chemical-based hair cleansers. They offer nourishment and cleansing without harmful additives. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of three herbal powder shampoo variants, each composed of carefully selected botanical ingredients known for their beneficial effects on hair health. The key ingredients include “Hibiscus, Amla, Reetha, Shikakai, Flaxseed, Henna, Rosemary, and Rose Petals”. Each ingredient contributes unique properties such as cleansing, conditioning, strengthening, and promoting hair growth. Hibiscus enhances shine and reduces hair fall, Amla is rich in antioxidants, Reetha provides natural cleansing, and Shikakai aids scalp health. Flaxseeds retain moisture, Henna conditions hair, Rosemary stimulates growth, and Rose Petals offer a soothing fragrance. The study involves preparation, phytochemical screening, and evaluation of the formulated shampoo in terms of pH, foaming capacity, solubility, washability and stability.The formulations differ slightly in ingredient proportions to optimize effectiveness for different hair types and concerns. Formulation 1 focuses on balanced cleansing and conditioning. Formulation 2 enhances cleansing properties, and Formulation 3 emphasizes scalp nourishment and hair strengthening. While Formulation 3 has the highest cleansing power due to increased Reetha and Amla, its lower conditioning agents make it less suitable for dry or normal hair. In contrast, Formulation 1 offers a balanced mix of cleansing and hydration, making it ideal for most hair types. Therefore, Formulation 1 is considered the best for maintaining scalp health and hair softness, while Formulation 3 is better suited for oily hair

ENERGY CONSERVATION IN INDUCTION FURNACE: A REVIEW

ABSTRAC