Contribution of Internet of Things: A Survey

Internet of Things plays an important role in our day to day life activities by engaging ourselves in implementing various technology Enabled embedded smart devices for our daily use. In this paper, we have discussed about the application uses of Iot along with other subject areas namely, Iot with cloud computing, big data, Internet of computer, data mining, embedded security, challenges in IOT-MD and Social impact of IOT. IOT together with subject area provides good enhancement by making things easier

Improved half-maximal inhibitory concentration regression model using amyotrophic lateral sclerosis data

The current research addresses the critical need for precise half-maximal inhibitory concentration regression in the neurodegenerative condition amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Unavailable drug-induced gene expressions and irrelevant molecular descriptors have yielded regression models with less accuracy using traditional machine learning (ML). Drugs can be converted to graph format and integrated with gene expressions to learn drug-gene interactions better thereby producing precise half-maximal inhibitory concentration regression models. To accomplish this, three variants of graph neural networks (GNN) namely graph attention networks (GAT), message passing neural networks, and graph isomorphism networks are utilized in the proposed work. The gene expression profiles of ALS drugrelated genes were retrieved from the DepMap PRISM drug repurposing hub, and the drug graphs with their accompanying half-maximal inhibitory concentration values were obtained from the ChEMBL databases. The graph is constructed for ninety approved drugs connected to 32 key protein targets of ALS and its related conditions. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration regression model trained with optimized hyperparameters in GAT performs well with an R2 score of 0.92, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.20, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.17. This model produced better results than other ML and deep learning models

Effect of ZnO Nanocomposite by Direct and In Direct Sonication Method

The zinc oxide well known for its dielectric property and the anticorrosion, widely used in solar cells. This section deals about the development of the both mechanical and electrical property of Kevlar by adding the ZnO nano composites inside vinyl ester resin. The zinc oxide mixed well with the polyvinyl ester resin without disturbing the chemical behavior of the ZnO. The synthesis of zinc oxide with polyvinyl ester resin done by the direct and indirect sonication process. The kevlar fiber taken as the specimen for this research. The ZnO � polyvinyl ester resin mixed together using the manual without affecting the hydrophobic behavior of the polyvinyl ester resin, the zinc oxide and polyvinyl ester resin mixed with hardener (HY956) with the standard ratio of 5:1. The size of zinc oxide is 75nm. The results show that the direct sonication process giving better tribological properties when compared to indirect sonication process. From the plot and tables it is understood that the kevlar performs superior with ZnO nanocomposites

Analysis of individual case safety reports of spontaneous reporting in adverse drug reaction monitoring centre at a tertiary care hospital

Background: In developing countries like India, the increased economic burden in healthcare system is due to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related hospitalizations which in turn are related to polypharmacy associated with increased potential of ADRs. World Health Organization (WHO) started the program for international drug monitoring (WHO PIDM) in the year 1968. India is one of the member countries under WHO PIDM using the Vigibase for analysis of individual case safety reports (ICSRs). Aim of the study was to analyse the ICSRs by spontaneous reporting at ADR monitoring centre.Methods: The present study was focused on analyzing the ICSRs of spontaneous reporting using Vigiflow data from the ADR monitoring centre (AMC), Madras Medical College, Chennai.Results: A total of 541 ICSRs from the period between July 2017 and June 2018 were analysed. Among 541 ICSRs, 814 ADRs were analysed and found that the majority of the ADRs belonged to SOC of gastrointestinal disorders and the most of the ADRs were implicated by antimicrobial agents followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Among all the ICSRs, majority of the ADRs occurred in males (n=292) and the maximum number of ADRs were in the age group of 45-60 years (n=197). Of the 541 ICSRs, 313 were found to be of “serious” category and majority of the ICSRs outcome was found to be “recovered” (n=262). The causality assessment of the ICSRs were anlysed and found that the maximum number of ICSRs were under “probable” category as per WHO-UMC scale.Conclusions: Robust pharmacovigilance activities plays important role in minimizing the ADRs for better patient safety

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF AGLAIA ELAEAGNOIDEA AND THEIR EFFICACY ON ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL GROWTH

Phytochemicals are extensively found at different levels in many plants and serves as basic raw material in the manufacturing of medicine, nutrition, cosmetics, dyeing and other industries. The present study aimed to lighten the medicinal uses of the leaves and stem bark of Aglaia elaeagnoide plant in the treatment of different ailments such as astringent, antidiarrhoeal, antidysenteric, skin diseases, tumours in Indian medicine of Ayurveda. In the present work we investigated the phytochemical screening to find out new sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial activity source from the leaf and stem bark of Aglaia elaeagnoidea with different solvents such as chloroform, ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether and water. Phytochemical screening of all crude extracts of leaf and bark reveals the presence of alkaloids, steroids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, quinones, xanthoproteins, terpinoids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, leucoanthocyanins, saponins and emodins. In vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of leaf and bark exhibited maximum phenolic compounds and scavenging activity. Phenolic compounds of leaf and bark exhibit positive correlation to antioxidant activity. All the crude extracts of leaf and bark showed low to moderate inhibition zone against Staphylo coccus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Vibrio vulnificus and Candida albicans. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of different crude extracts of bark exhibited more efficacy compared to the leaf extracts. Thus, further development of new phytochemicals for the treatment of different disorders by using sustainable approach opens up possibilities in the usage of these as antioxidant and antimicrobial in various medicinal composition

Assessment of minimum inhibitory concentration to vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid, daptomycin, ceftaroline and mupirocin against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates by antibiotic gradient strips

Background: Staphylococcus aureus infections are one of the most common and serious hospital-acquired infections seen in developing countries. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important human pathogen and normally colonized in body parts including skin, nose, perineum and throat. MRSA is resistant not only to all β-lactam groups but also other antibiotics including aminoglycosides, tetracycline and macrolides. In the present study the efficacy of agents used in the management of MRSA infections was determined by antibiotic gradient testing. Methods: A total of 60 clinical isolates of MRSA strains were collected from various diagnostic labs in central Kerala. Clinical isolates were reconfirmed as MRSA by gram staining, yellow-coloured colonies on mannitol salt Agar (MSA). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by disc diffusion method as recommended by CLSI guidelines. S. aureus isolates resistant to cefoxitin (30 µg) was identified as MRSA. Antibiotic gradient testing was performed to determine the MIC of vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid, daptomycin, ceftaroline and mupirocin against MRSA isolates. Results: All the 60 MRSA isolates tested were sensitive to vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid, daptomycin, ceftaroline and mupirocin (100%) and none of the MRSA isolates show resistance.  Conclusions: Results of present study indicates that these agents may be used alongside vancomycin in management of infection caused by MRSA

Litsea Deccanensis Ameliorates Myocardial Infarction in Wistar Rats: Evidence from Biochemical and Histological Studies

The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of methanolic extract of Litsea deccanensis (MELD) against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats by studying cardiac markers, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile, and histological changes. Male Wistar rats were treated orally with MELD (100 and 200 mg/kg) daily for a period of 21 days. After 21 days of pretreatment, isoproterenol (100 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously to rats at an interval of 24 h for 2 days to induce myocardial infarction. Isoproterenol-induced rats showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in the levels of serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and lipid hydro peroxides. The serum lipid levels were altered in the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarcted rats. The histopathological findings of the myocardial tissue evidenced myocardial damage in isoproterenol-induced rats. The oral pretreatment with MELD restored the pathological alterations in the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarcted rats. The MELD pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of biochemical markers, lipid peroxidation and regulated the lipid profile of the antioxidant system in the isoproterenol-induced rats. An inhibited myocardial necrosis was evidenced by the histopathological findings in MELD pretreated isoproterenol-induced rats. Our study shows that oral pretreatment with MELD prevents isoproterenol-induced oxidative stress in myocardial infarction. The presence of phenolic acid and flavonoid contents were confirmed by preliminary phytochemical tests. The reducing power and free radical scavenging activities of the MELD may be the possible reason for it pharmacological actions

On the Outage Performance of Decode–and– Forward Based Relay Ordering in Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract In this paper, the issue of secondary network access in cognitive wireless sensor networks (CWSN) is investigated. An efficient scheme (in terms of both power and spectrum) named Decode-and-Forward based multi-relay scheme with relay ordering (DF-MRRO) is proposed for secondary network access. More important, this scheme is used to enhance the performance of secondary network. In an effort to assess the performance, the received signal-to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of both the primary and secondary links are derived, from which new exact closed-form expressions for the outage probability of primary and secondary networks are derived. Moreover, the diversity order is calculated for both the primary and secondary network. It is also shown that full diversity order can be achieved if the condition of power requirement is satisfied. Finally, simulation results obtained for the outage performance of the proposed scheme in primary and secondary networks prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. It also demonstrates that a maximum of 7dB SNR gain can be achieved in the proposed DF-MRRO scheme.</jats:p