Leaf energy balance modelling as a tool to infer habitat preference in the early angiosperms

Despite more than a century of research, some key aspects of habitat preference and ecology of the earliest angiosperms remain poorly constrained. Proposed growth ecology has varied from opportunistic weedy species growing in full sun to slow-growing species limited to the shaded understorey of gymnosperm forests. Evidence suggests that the earliest angiosperms possessed low transpiration rates: gas exchange rates for extant basal angiosperms are low, as are the reconstructed gas exchange rates for the oldest known angiosperm leaf fossils. Leaves with low transpirational capacity are vulnerable to overheating in full sun, favouring the hypothesis that early angiosperms were limited to the shaded understorey. Here, modelled leaf temperatures are used to examine the thermal tolerance of some of the earliest angiosperms. Our results indicate that small leaf size could have mitigated the low transpirational cooling capacity of many early angiosperms, enabling many species to survive in full sun. We propose that during the earliest phases of the angiosperm leaf record, angiosperms may not have been limited to the understorey, and that some species were able to compete with ferns and gymnosperms in both shaded and sunny habitats, especially in the absence of competition from more rapidly growing and transpiring advanced lineages of angiosperms

Monocot plastid phylogenomics, timeline, net rates of species diversification, the power of multiâ gene analyses, and a functional model for the origin of monocots

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/1/ajb21178-sup-0009-AppendixS9.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/2/ajb21178-sup-0020-AppendixS20.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/3/ajb21178.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/4/ajb21178-sup-0019-AppendixS19.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/5/ajb21178-sup-0010-AppendixS10.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/6/ajb21178-sup-0002-AppendixS2.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/7/ajb21178-sup-0006-AppendixS6.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/8/ajb21178-sup-0012-AppendixS12.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/9/ajb21178-sup-0017-AppendixS17.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/10/ajb21178-sup-0007-AppendixS7.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/11/ajb21178-sup-0001-AppendixS1.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/12/ajb21178-sup-0003-AppendixS3.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/13/ajb21178-sup-0016-AppendixS16.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/14/ajb21178_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/15/ajb21178-sup-0008-AppendixS8.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/16/ajb21178-sup-0004-AppendixS4.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/17/ajb21178-sup-0018-AppendixS18.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/18/ajb21178-sup-0014-AppendixS14.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/19/ajb21178-sup-0011-AppendixS11.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/20/ajb21178-sup-0005-AppendixS5.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/21/ajb21178-sup-0015-AppendixS15.pd

Current Radiation Issues for Programmable Elements and Devices

State of the an programmable devices are utilizing advanced processing technologies, non-standard circuit structures, and unique electrical elements in commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS)-based, high-performance devices. This paper will discuss that the above factors, coupled with the systems application environment, have a strong interplay that affect the radiation hardness of programmable devices and have resultant system impacts in (1) reliability of the unprogrammed, biased antifuse for heavy ions (rupture), (2) logic upset manifesting itself as clock upset, and (3) configuration upset. General radiation characteristics of advanced technologies are examined and manufacturers' modifications to their COTS-based and their impact on future programmable devices will be analyzed

Character evolution and missing (morphological) data across Asteridae

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/1/ajb21050-sup-0007-AppendixS7.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/2/ajb21050_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/3/ajb21050-sup-0019-AppendixS19.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/4/ajb21050-sup-0013-AppendixS13.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/5/ajb21050-sup-0014-AppendixS14.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/6/ajb21050-sup-0012-AppendixS12.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/7/ajb21050-sup-0009-AppendixS9.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/8/ajb21050-sup-0018-AppendixS18.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/9/ajb21050.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/10/ajb21050-sup-0004-AppendixS4.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/11/ajb21050-sup-0008-AppendixS8.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/12/ajb21050-sup-0005-AppendixS5.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/13/ajb21050-sup-0017-AppendixS17.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/14/ajb21050-sup-0006-AppendixS6.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/15/ajb21050-sup-0011-AppendixS11.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/16/ajb21050-sup-0016-AppendixS16.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/17/ajb21050-sup-0015-AppendixS15.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/18/ajb21050-sup-0010-AppendixS10.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143691/19/ajb21050-sup-0003-AppendixS3.pd

Foodways in transition: food plants, diet and local perceptions of change in a Costa Rican Ngäbe community

Background Indigenous populations are undergoing rapid ethnobiological, nutritional and socioeconomic transitions while being increasingly integrated into modernizing societies. To better understand the dynamics of these transitions, this article aims to characterize the cultural domain of food plants and analyze its relation with current day diets, and the local perceptions of changes given amongst the Ngäbe people of Southern Conte-Burica, Costa Rica, as production of food plants by its residents is hypothesized to be drastically in recession with an decreased local production in the area and new conservation and development paradigms being implemented. Methods Extensive freelisting, interviews and workshops were used to collect the data from 72 participants on their knowledge of food plants, their current dietary practices and their perceptions of change in local foodways, while cultural domain analysis, descriptive statistical analyses and development of fundamental explanatory themes were employed to analyze the data. Results Results show a food plants domain composed of 140 species, of which 85 % grow in the area, with a medium level of cultural consensus, and some age-based variation. Although many plants still grow in the area, in many key species a decrease on local production–even abandonment–was found, with much reduced cultivation areas. Yet, the domain appears to be largely theoretical, with little evidence of use; and the diet today is predominantly dependent on foods bought from the store (more than 50 % of basic ingredients), many of which were not salient or not even recognized as ‘food plants’ in freelists exercises. While changes in the importance of food plants were largely deemed a result of changes in cultural preferences for store bought processed food stuffs and changing values associated with farming and being food self-sufficient, Ngäbe were also aware of how changing household livelihood activities, and the subsequent loss of knowledge and use of food plants, were in fact being driven by changes in social and political policies, despite increases in forest cover and biodiversity. Conclusions Ngäbe foodways are changing in different and somewhat disconnected ways: knowledge of food plants is varied, reflecting most relevant changes in dietary practices such as lower cultivation areas and greater dependence on food from stores by all families. We attribute dietary shifts to socioeconomic and political changes in recent decades, in particular to a reduction of local production of food, new economic structures and agents related to the State and globalization

A sex-chromosome mutation in Silene latifolia

Silene latifolia is dioecious, yet rare hermaphrodites have been found, and such natural mutants can provide valuable insight into genetic mechanisms. Here, we describe a hermaphrodite-inducing mutation that is almost certainly localized to the gynoecium-suppression region of the Y chromosome in S. latifolia. The mutant Y chromosome was passed through the megaspore, and the presence of two X chromosomes was not necessary for seed development in the parent. This result supports a lack of degeneration of the Y chromosome in S. latifolia, consistent with the relatively recent formation of the sex chromosomes in this species. When crossed to wild-type plants, hermaphrodites performed poorly as females, producing low seed numbers. When hermaphrodites were pollen donors, the sex ratio of offspring they produced through crosses was biased towards females. This suggests that hermaphroditic S. latifolia would fail to thrive and potentially explains the rarity of hermaphrodites in natural populations of S. latifolia. These results indicate that the Y chromosome in Silene latifolia remains very similar to the X, perhaps mostly differing in the primary sex determination regions