15 research outputs found
A review of cognitive smart grid communication infrastructure system
Abstract: The reliance on obsolete communication infrastructure and outdated technologies, in order to meet increasing electricity demand, consists of major challenges confronting traditional power grids. Therefore, the concept of smart grids (SGs) has been adopted as an ideal solution. This concept entails the integration of advanced information and communication technologies (ICTs) into power grids, as well as allowing a two-way flow of communication. However, recent development in cognitive technologies internet of things (IoT) smart devices particularly in home area network (HAN) as well rapid growth in wireless applications have enabled the traffic of huge data volumes across SGs. Data gathered in SGs are distinguished by quality of service (QoS) requirements such as; latency, security, bandwidth, etc. In order to support the level of QoS requirements in SGs, stable and secure communication infrastructure is of great importance. Therefore an in-depth review of the stateof- the-art of existing and emerging communication architectures of SGs is conducted. Therefore, this work proposes communication architecture based on fifth-generation (5G) and cognitive radio networks (CRN)
A survey on information and communications technology infrastructure for smart grids
Abstract: _Smart Grids (SGs) aim to improve the aging power system grid into a modernized grid with the utilization of the advanced communication technologies in the industry. The incorporation of communications technology in power systems enables two-way flow of electricity and information within the grid system. SGs emerge as the next generation technology in power systems, as a result of the increasing demand of upgrading the conventional grid into the more modernized grid, with the aim of resolving some of the major crisis such as the environmental and energy crisis posed by the existing grid. In order, to deploy this intelligent grid, a sustainable, energy efficient, flexible, scalable, and secure communication infrastructure need to be designed and implemented to address these issues. There are several surveys and studies on the Information and communication technologies (ICT) architectures to develop a suitable protocol of applying the proposed advanced and up-to-date communication and networking technologies into the power system, to enable the intelligence features of the grid system. This paper reviews the works on communications technologies on SGs, with the objective of addressing the issues related to ICT infrastructure, and the recent communication technologies with their corresponding communication requirements
The South African society of psychiatrists (SASOP) and SASOP State Employed Special Interest Group (SESIG) position statements on psychiatric care in the public sector
Executive summary. National mental health policy: SASOP
extends its support for the process of formalising a national
mental health policy as well as for the principles and content
of the current draft policy. Psychiatry and mental health:
psychiatrists should play a central role, along with the other
mental health disciplines, in the strategic and operational
planning of mental health services at local, provincial and
national level. Infrastructure and human resources: it is essential
that the state takes up its responsibility to provide adequate
structures, systems and funds for the specified services and
facilities on national, provincial and facility level, as a matter
of urgency. Standard treatment guidelines (STGs) and essential
drug lists (EDLs): close collaboration and co-ordination should
occur between the processes of establishing SASOP and
national treatment guidelines, as well as the related decisions
on EDLs for different levels. HIV/AIDS in children: national HIV
programmes have to promote awareness of the neurocognitive
problems and psychiatric morbidity associated with HIV in
children. HIV/AIDS in adults: the need for routine screening of
all HIV-positive individuals for mental health and cognitive
impairments should also be emphasised as many adult patients
have a mental illness, either before or as a consequence of HIV
infection, constituting a ‘special needs’ group. Substance abuse
and addiction: the adequate diagnosis and management of
related substance abuse and addiction problems should fall
within the domain of the health sector and, in particular, that
of mental health and psychiatry. Community psychiatry and
referral levels: the rendering of ambulatory specialist psychiatric
services on a community-centred basis should be regarded
as a key strategy to make these services more accessible to
users closer to where they live. Recovery and re-integration: a
recovery framework such that personal recovery outcomes,
among others, become the universal goals by which we
measure service provision, should be adopted as soon as
possible. Culture, mental health and psychiatry: culture, religion
and spirituality should be considered in the current approach
to the local practice and training of specialist psychiatry, within
the professional and ethical scope of the discipline. Forensic
psychiatry: an important and significant field within the scope
of state-employed psychiatrists, with 3 recognised groups of
patients (persons referred for forensic psychiatric observation,
state patients, and mentally ill prisoners), each with specific
needs, problems and possible solutions. Security in psychiatric
hospitals and units: it is necessary to protect public sector
mental healthcare practitioners from assault and injury as a
result of performing their clinical duties by, among others,
ensuring that adequate security procedures are implemented,
appropriate for the level of care required, and that appointed
security staff members are appropriately trained and equipped.Dr Reddy’s Laboratorieshttp://www.sajp.org.za/index.php/sajpam2013ay201
Iron Oxide-Carbon Black Promotional Effect on Palladium Nanoparticles Toward Ethylene Glycol Oxidation in Alkaline Medium: Experimental and Computational Studies
\ua9 2023 The Authors. Energy Technology published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.Direct alcohol fuel cells are the next-generation energy sources of the future due to their high power density. Palladium electrocatalysts are promising prospects for enhancing alcohol oxidation in alkaline media, but the higher cost and susceptibility to CO poisoning limit their application and commercialization. Thus, there is a need to improve the performance of the Pd electrocatalysts by utilizing a double supporting system. A microwave-assisted polyol method is used to synthesize the palladium nanoparticles supported on iron oxide-carbon black material (Pd/Fe2O3-CB). Physiochemical and electrochemical characterization of the obtained electrocatalysts materials is conducted to study morphology and the electrochemical behaviour of the as-synthesized electrocatalysts. The Pd/Fe2O3-CB displayed higher kinetics approved by a higher current density of 58.7 mA cm−2, stability, and durability, owing to Fe2O3, and CB incorporation. Density functional theory (DFT) proves that C from CO has more robust interactions with surface Pd, thereby explaining the stronger C-O binding property of Pd. The orbital analysis revealed that 3d orbitals of Pd participate in the hybridization with 2p orbitals of C and O. As a result, the overlap between C2p and Pd3d/Fe3d orbitals significantly broadened, leading to solid adsorption of CO over Pd/Fe2O3
The South African Society of Psychiatrists (SASOP) and SASOP State Employed Special Interest Group (SESIG) position statements on psychiatric care in the public sector
Geneeskunde en GesondheidswetenskappePsigiatriePlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]
Domestic abuse in marriage and self-silencing: Pastoral care in a context of self-silencing
The socialisation of women into self-silencing by religion has complicated pastoral care interventions for the victims of domestic violence, particularly within the context of marriage. This article is written from an intercultural approach to pastoral care and applies the theory on silence. The aim of this article is to explore the way pastoral caregivers can extend caregiving to the victims of marital domestic violence who have silenced the self. The article draws from qualitative data that were collected through autobiographical narratives, in-depth interviews and observations, and analysed through thematic analysis. The findings indicate that women are forced to silence the self in contexts of domestic violence by not speaking about the abuse that takes place in marriage. The self-silencing is justified by those who interpret Biblical texts that address marriage naively; in this case one of the two women who participated in this study confirmed that Proverbs 21:9 is used to justify self-silencing. Thus, the article concludes that pastoral care interventions in such contexts should include a circle of the significant others that women interact with such as the perpetrator and the broader community, including her social networks
Testing reproducibility of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance measurements in North American unconventional source-rock reservoir petroleum systems
An interlaboratory study (ILS) was conducted to test reproducibility of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance measurements in six mudrock samples from United States unconventional source-rock reservoir petroleum systems. Samples selected from the Marcellus, Haynesville, Eagle Ford, Barnett, Bakken and Woodford are representative of resource plays currently under exploitation in North America. All samples are from marine depositional environments, are thermally mature (T >445 °C) and have moderate to high organic matter content (2.9–11.6 wt% TOC). Their organic matter is dominated by solid bitumen, which contains intraparticle nano-porosity. Visual evaluation of organic nano-porosity (pore sizes 1.0 produced lowest R values, generally ≤0.5% (absolute reflectance), similar to a prior ILS for similar samples. Other traditional approaches to outlier removal (outside mean ± 1.5*interquartile range and outside F10 to F90 percentile range) also produced similar R values. Standard deviation values < 0.15*(VR or BR) reduce R and should be a requirement of dispersed organic matter reflectance analysis. After outlier removal, R values were 0.1%–0.2% for peak oil thermal maturity, about 0.3% for wet gas/condensate maturity and 0.4%–0.5% for dry gas maturity. That is, these R values represent the uncertainty (in absolute reflectance) that users of vitrinite and solid bitumen reflectance data should assign to any one individual reported mean reflectance value from a similar thermal maturity mudrock sample. R values of this magnitude indicate a need for further standardization of reflectance measurement of dispersed organic matter. Furthermore, these R values quantify realistic interlaboratory measurement dispersion for a difficult but critically important analytical technique necessary for thermal maturity determination in the source-rock reservoirs of unconventional petroleum systems.This research was funded by the USGS Energy Resources Program