18 research outputs found

    Position paper on screening for breast cancer by the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) and 30 national breast radiology bodies from Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Israel, Lithuania, Moldova, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey.

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    UNLABELLED: EUSOBI and 30 national breast radiology bodies support mammography for population-based screening, demonstrated to reduce breast cancer (BC) mortality and treatment impact. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the reduction in mortality is 40 % for women aged 50-69 years taking up the invitation while the probability of false-positive needle biopsy is <1 % per round and overdiagnosis is only 1-10 % for a 20-year screening. Mortality reduction was also observed for the age groups 40-49 years and 70-74 years, although with "limited evidence". Thus, we firstly recommend biennial screening mammography for average-risk women aged 50-69 years; extension up to 73 or 75 years, biennially, is a second priority, from 40-45 to 49 years, annually, a third priority. Screening with thermography or other optical tools as alternatives to mammography is discouraged. Preference should be given to population screening programmes on a territorial basis, with double reading. Adoption of digital mammography (not film-screen or phosphor-plate computer radiography) is a priority, which also improves sensitivity in dense breasts. Radiologists qualified as screening readers should be involved in programmes. Digital breast tomosynthesis is also set to become "routine mammography" in the screening setting in the next future. Dedicated pathways for high-risk women offering breast MRI according to national or international guidelines and recommendations are encouraged. KEY POINTS: ‱ EUSOBI and 30 national breast radiology bodies support screening mammography. ‱ A first priority is double-reading biennial mammography for women aged 50-69 years. ‱ Extension to 73-75 and from 40-45 to 49 years is also encouraged. ‱ Digital mammography (not film-screen or computer radiography) should be used. ‱ DBT is set to become "routine mammography" in the screening setting in the next future

    CHIPS : une base de données historiques sur les poissons du bassin de la Seine

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    International audienceThe evolution of freshwater fish distribution and long term change in the composition of fish assemblages in rivers are currently the subject of various ecological studies. These studies usually focus on a relatively short range of time, rarely exceeding the last few years. However, this interval is far too short to understand in what extent human societies impact their environment. In order to study interactions between human activities and rivers and their fish assemblages over longer periods of time, we searched the historical record to retrieve information on fish and their distribution in streams in the Seine River basin. A database, named CHIPS (Catalogue HIstorique des Poissons de la Seine), was developed to organize the information. In a first step, we focused data collection on the last two centuries. We present preliminary qualitative analyses using selected parts of this database. They show notably that the distribution area has changed for some species and that a substantial evolution in fish assemblages has occurred in certain rivers since the beginning of the 19th century.L’évolution de la distribution spatiale et les changements Ă  long terme des peuplements de poissons en cours d’eau sont l’objet de divers travaux en Ă©cologie. Ces travaux se concentrent gĂ©nĂ©ralement sur des pĂ©riodes de temps relativement courtes, excĂ©dant rarement les derniĂšres annĂ©es. Cet intervalle de temps apparaĂźt trop court lorsque l’on cherche Ă  comprendre comment les sociĂ©tĂ©s humaines impactent leur environnement. Pour aborder les interactions entre les activitĂ©s humaines et les cours d’eau et leurs peuplements de poissons sur de plus longues pĂ©riodes de temps, nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© une base de donnĂ©es dĂ©nommĂ©e CHIPS (pour 'Catalogue HIstorique des Poissons de la Seine'). Elle rassemble les informations collectĂ©es dans les documents anciens sur les cours d’eau et leurs peuplements ichtyologiques dans un bassin hydrographique donnĂ©, ici le bassin de la Seine. La collecte de donnĂ©es a, dans un premier temps, Ă©tĂ© restreinte Ă  la pĂ©riode de temps correspondant aux deux derniers siĂšcles. Nous prĂ©sentons ici des analyses prĂ©liminaires qualitatives obtenues Ă  partir de l’exploitation de segments de cette base. Elles rĂ©vĂšlent notamment que la distribution spatiale de certaines espĂšces a fortement Ă©voluĂ© et qu’il existe une Ă©volution significative de la composition des peuplements depuis le 19e siĂšcle dans certains cours d’eau

    Modeling fish communities for assessing past ecological status of watercourses

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    International audienceSince the last few decades, conservation of biodiversity emerged as an unavoidable societal expectation. As an example, the European Union, with the Water Framework directive (FWD), proposes to restore a good ecological status for river systems (mainly assessed on the basis of their biotas) in order to guarantee a balance and sustainable water use for human. The implementation of the WFD has set off numerous debates especially concerning the ways and targets considered for an efficient long term restoration of river ecosystems and their biological communities. Historical approaches are able to worthily light up such debates. By reconstructing trajectories of ecosystems on a long term perspective (i.e. several decades and centuries) it is possible to understand how human activities on watercourses and theirs catchments affected river ecosystems. Furthermore, they inform on the possible interaction between human impacts and much more uncontrolled influences linked to hydroclimatic fluctuations. Lastly they allow assessing if historical data on river biological communities, particularly those prior to the industrial revolution, could represent valuable references or targets for future rivers restoration planning. This paper focus on the Seine River basin in France, a catchment strongly and long standing impacted by human activities. The aim is to improve knowledge on the past ecological state of an aquatic ecosystem since the end of the 18th century, especially with a focus on fish communities. More precisely, the objective is to draw past fish communities' distribution under long term modifications of human pressures. Thus, we developed models predicting fish species distribution in the river network based on different environmental variables related to natural river features, climate and human activities. Coupling these models with a GIS we predict modifications of fish communities on the whole Seine River basin in a retrospective view point, considering changes of environmental conditions from the mid-18th century to nowadays. By comparing predictions with historical fish data, we assess capacity of our models to reconstruct past river ecosystems' trajectories and identify major human pressures driving these trajectories

    Reconstructing long-term trajectories of fish assemblages using historical data: the Seine River basin (France) during the last two centuries

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    International audienceWe used historical sources from the end of the nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century and current data to retrace fish assemblage trajectories for the past 150 years on 29 river stretches distributed throughout the Seine River basin. We based our analyses on species presence/absence, occurrence of amphidromous and non-native species, and species ecological traits related to habitat preference, oxygen and temperature requirements, and diet. In accordance with general trends observed for Western Europe, we detected a general decline of amphidromous species and an increase in nonnative species, even if, at some sites, several non-native species were extirpated. These changes affecting amphidromous and non-native species led to a weak increase in beta-diversity in fish assemblages. Independently of amphidromous and non-native species, for a reduced set of sites, we noted that changes in the balance of ecological traits over time, trace, in a consistent way, the major steps that affected watercourses like waterway development, increasing pollution, dam construction, or, locally, the recent wastewater treatment improvement. Despite local variations, we found contrasted trends between, on one hand, large rivers and/or catchments which had experienced strong expansion in human population, where fish assemblages had deteriorated, and, on the other hand, upstream catchments, with a declining human population, where fish assemblages showed signs of improvement. Because our results suggested that long-term changes affecting fish assemblages cannot be summarized as an unequivocal gradual degradation, we questioned the use of historical data to define ecological reference conditions for river assessment and management purposes

    Développement d'une métrique basée sur les espÚces migratrices. Rapport final 2010

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    [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARECe rapport reprend pour partie des Ă©lĂ©ments dĂ©jĂ  prĂ©sentĂ©s dans les rapports d'Ă©tape des annĂ©es prĂ©cĂ©dentes. Il s'articule autour des parties suivantes : - l'Ă©vocation des principes de mise au point de la mĂ©trique migrateurs - la prĂ©sentation des donnĂ©es qualifiant la prĂ©sence ancienne des espĂšces migratrices dans le rĂ©seau hydrographique français et qui constituent une source essentielle pour dĂ©finir la rĂ©partition des espĂšces en situation de rĂ©fĂ©rence. - le dĂ©tail de construction de la mĂ©trique et les donnĂ©es utilisĂ©es pour le calcul de mĂ©trique - le test de la rĂ©ponse de la mĂ©trique aux critĂšres de pressions liĂ©s Ă  la continuitĂ© du rĂ©seau hydrographique - en conclusion les pistes d'Ă©volution Ă  court et moyen terme et les points qui devront ĂȘtre traitĂ©s avant l'intĂ©gration dĂ©finitive de la mĂ©trique dans l'indice global

    Utilisation des archives historiques pour reconstituer l'Ă©volution Ă  long terme des peuplements de poissons : l'exemple du bassin de la Seine

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    National audienceL'état des peuplements de poissons des cours d'eau français fait l'objet de nombreux travaux dont certains intÚgrent des données historiques. Il s'agit souvent de bilans dressant la liste des espÚces considérées comme autochtones et allochtones. Cependant, peu d'études rendent compte des mécanismes d'évolution de la distribution spatiale des espÚces sur le long terme. L'objectif de ce travail, qui croise deux types d'approches, historique et écologique, est d'apporter des éléments de compréhension concernant la répartition et l'évolution des communautés piscicoles durant les deux derniers siÚcles dans le bassin hydrographique de la Seine, tout en considérant les impacts des différentes pressions anthropiques exercées sur le milieu

    Évolution des peuplements de poissons du bassin de la Seine sous l'effet des pressions humaines, au cours des deux derniers siĂšcles. Contribution des donnĂ©es historiques

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    International audienceIn France, the Seine River basin has been harshly impacted by anthropogenic pressures since the Industrial revolution. Fish community is expected to be disturbed by these human pressures on aquatic environment. This work aimed to highlight the factors involved in the changes of fish pecies spatial distribution over the last two centuries using both historical and ecological approaches. The analysis of historical data of fish distributions on the Seine River basin showed some important modifications of fish communities (i.e. species introductions and extinctions) at the catchment scale, since the beginning of the xixth century. The comparative study based on historical abundances and actual data showed that some species have changed their distribution area. Besides, substantial evolutions in fish assemblages occurred in some rivers, probably in relation to anthropogenic pressures acting at different spatial and temporal scales. This study confirms the interest of an interdisciplinary approach to improve knowledge of ecosystems’ history. Nevertheless, future researches are still needed to better understand the effects of local factors on fish distribution area.Le bassin hydrographique de la Seine figure parmi les bassins français les plus anthropisĂ©s. Les communautĂ©s piscicoles qui le peuplent sont potentiellement marquĂ©es par les pressions humaines qui s’exercent sur le milieu aquatique, et dont l’ampleur depuis l’époque industrielle a Ă©tĂ© grandissante. L’objectif de ce travail est d’identifier les facteurs Ă  l’origine des modifications de la rĂ©partition des peuplements de poissons sur le temps long. Afin de mettre en Ă©vidence les possibles changements intervenus durant les deux derniers siĂšcles, ce travail a Ă©tĂ© menĂ© en croisant deux types d’approches, l’une historique et l’autre Ă©cologique. Cette Ă©tude, basĂ©e sur des donnĂ©es d’observations de poissons dans le bassin de la Seine depuis le dĂ©but du xixe siĂšcle, montre une importante modification de la faune piscicole (i.e. introductions et disparitions d’espĂšces) Ă  l’échelle du bassin. Par ailleurs, l’analyse comparative des donnĂ©es historiques, pour lesquelles existent des mentions d’abondances, et des donnĂ©es Ă©cologiques actuelles montre que les aires de rĂ©partition de certaines espĂšces ont Ă©tĂ© trĂšs largement modifiĂ©es. Sur diffĂ©rents secteurs du bassin, les rĂ©sultats tĂ©moignent d’évolutions parfois importantes de la composition des peuplements en lien avec diffĂ©rents types de pressions anthropiques exercĂ©es sur le milieu Ă  des Ă©chelles d’espace et de temps variĂ©es. Ce travail confirme l’intĂ©rĂȘt d’une approche interdisciplinaire dans la comprĂ©hension de l’histoire des Ă©cosystĂšmes. De futures recherches sont nĂ©anmoins nĂ©cessaires afin de cerner l’importance de facteurs plus locaux sur la rĂ©partition des espĂšces piscicoles

    Réponse des peuplements de poissons à l'urbanisation et aux altérations anthropiques à long terme des fleuves

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    National audienceRéponse des peuplements de poissons à l'urbanisation et aux altérations anthropiques à long terme des fleuves
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