Pengaruh Perlakuan Sortasi, Natrium Hipoklorit Dan Fungisida Pada Kacang Tanah Untuk Mengeliminasi Kontaminasi Aspergillus Flavus

The Effect of Sorting, Sodium hypochloride (NaClO), and Fungicide Treatment on Peanut in Elimination the Aspergillus flavus Contamination. The humid tropical condition of Indonesia, the post harvest treatment, and the storage practices favour rapid growth and wide spread Aspergillus infestation on peanut. The objectives of this research was to find the best technique in controlling the Aspergillus infection on peanut. To achieve those objectives, complete randomised design in factorial with three factors was applied. The factors were grading and colour sorting (A1 = grading and colour sorting; A2 = without grading and colour sorting), NaClO blanching (B1 = without blanching; B2 = 1.25% NaClO blanching; B3=2.5% NaClO blanching), and Benlate T-20 WP treatment (C1 = 2,5 g/L; C2 = 3 g/L; C3 = 3,5 g/L). The result showed that the best combination treatment was A2B2C3 with the minimum amount of spore on peanut seed. With those combination treatment we concluded that the grading and colour sorting, the 1.25% NaClO blanching, and the application of 3,5 g/L Benlate T-20 WP could reduced the Aspergillus contamination up to 80% compare with A1B1C3 treatment

Linking relationship quality to perceived mutuality of relationship goals and perceived goal progress

Two goal-related variables were examined as predictors of relationship quality. One was the perception of mutuality of goals held for the relationship; the other was the perception of progress regarding those relationship goals. A mediation model was considered whereby relationship goal mutuality predicted quality via perception of goal progress. Study 1 examined cross-sectional associations among these variables in 245 dating participants. Results of a path analysis (controlling for effects of relationship conflict) were consistent with the mediation model. Study 2 replicated these findings in a sample of 78 committed romantic couples, using an electronic diary methodology to gather data from both partners about relationship quality across multiple time points. Study 2 also extended the findings by examining a dyadic mediation model with both mediated actor effects and mediated partner effects. Findings suggest a central role for shared relationship goals and for perceptions of relationship goal progress in the context of romantic relationships. The first and second authors were supported by Scientist Development Award MH64779 to J-P Laurenceau from the National Institute of Mental Health. The authors would like to thank Blaine Fowers and Adam Troy for their comments and support of this work. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jean-Philipp

Regenerasi Embriogenesis Somatik pada Beberapa Klon Kakao Indonesia dari Eksplan Bunga

<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:IN; mso-no-proof:yes;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> This research was aimed to observe the response of different clones and specifi  c organs due to the somatic embryogenesis regeneration. It was arranged in factorial randomized completely design with three replication. The fi  rst factor was cocoa clones i.e. ICCRI 01, ICCRI 02, ICCRI 03, ICCRI 04, KW 514, RCC72, and Sca 6. The second factor was fl  ower parts i.e. petal, staminode and anther. Every explant was regenerated on initiation, induction, multiplication and rooting media. Almost all treatments showed high response of embryogenic calli which range 89.5 to 100% at initial stage, but different results were found at the following process of somatic embryogenesis. The experiment showed that each clones and each different part of fl  ower had different response to somatic embryogenesis. The highest response of the explant number resulted from Sca 6 clone, which produce 35.8% embryo with average number of embryo per explant (1.34) followed by RCC 72 (28.4%, averaged 0.7) ICCRI 03 (24.7%, averaged 1.3) ICCRI 04 (18.6%, averaged 0.6). While ICCRI 02 showed the lowest responsive clone. Especially for ICCRI 01, 55.8% explant was rooted and  only 1.3% explant producing embryo. The highest response of somatic embryo was resulted form petal

PERBANDINGAN MEDIA MURASHIGE & SKOOG DAN PENN STATE CACAO UNTUK EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK DARI EKSPLAN BEBERAPA BAGIAN BUNGA KAKAO

Daya regenerasi kakao secara in vitro sangat dipengaruhi oleh komposisi media, jenis eksplan dan zat pengatur tumbuh. Penelitian ini mempelajari perbandingan efektivitas media Murashige & Skoog (MS) dan Penn State Cacao (PSC) untuk regenerasi embriogenesis somatik organ bunga kakao. Penelitiandisusun menurut rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah dua macam media terdiri atas media MS dan media PSC, sedangkan faktor kedua adalah 5 macam bagian organ bunga terdiri dari petala, staminodia, anthera, dasar bunga, dan putik. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah klon DR1. Tahap penelitian ini terdiri dari tahap inisiasi, induksi, multiplikasi dan perakaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Media PSC memberikan respon lebih baik dibandingan media MS pada tahap inisiasi dan induksi. Dari lima organ bunga yang dikulturkan, hanya petala, staminodia dan anthera yang mudah berkalus. Inisiasi kalus terbaik terjadi pada media PSC yang ditunjukkan oleh parameter persentase eksplan berkalus. Respon persentase kalus yang terbentuk pada 12 hari setelah tanam (HST) tertinggi terjadi pada eksplan petala (100%), diikuti staminodia (98,5%) dan anthera (22,3%). Pada tahap induksi, media PSC juga menjadi media yang lebih baik dari media MS. Persentase eksplan menghasilkan embrio pada tahap induksi (10 minggu setelah tanam/MST) tertinggi dihasilkan oleh petala (12,0%) diikuti oleh staminodia (4,0 %) dan anthera (2,8 %).Kata kunci: bibit kakao, embriogenesis somatik, organ bung

Response of regulation of resistance genes, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidant enzymes to salicylic acid treatments in drought tolerant rice

Received: February 1st, 2023 ; Accepted: March 19th, 2023 ; Published: April 13th, 2023 ; Correspondence: [email protected] is one of the most important issues in crop production which may disrupt physiological processes and biochemical metabolism in rice plants, including the emergence of plant resistance gene expression such as OsAB13 and OsLEA, the formation of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), namely hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as the emergence of gene expression related to antioxidant enzyme activity such as OsAPX1, OsCATA, Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, and APX Cytosolic. Besides the emergence of plant resistance gene expression, ROS, and changes in gene expression related to antioxidant enzymes, rice plants also produce salicylic acid which acts as an endogenous signal to activate plant resistance gene responses and can encourage plant resistance responses such as antioxidant enzyme activity. The treatments in this study included: control, 15% PEG 6000, 15% PEG 6000 + SA 1 mM, and SA 1 mM. The results showed that the interaction between treatments and rice plant varieties significantly affected plant height, root length, total chlorophyll, and H2O2 content. The expression of the OsAPX1, OsCATA, Mn-SOD, and Cu/Zn-SOD genes increased in the 15% PEG 6000 treatment compared to the control. In the 15% PEG 6000 + SA 1 mM treatment, there was an increase in gene expression of APX Cytosolic, Cu/Zn-SOD, and OsCATA compared to the 15% PEG 6000 treatment. The OsLEA is expressed in Siakraya and Sertani 1 as an indicator of resistance to drought stress, and the OsAB13 is expressed in Indragiri, Sertani 1, and Siakraya varieties as an indicator of resistance to drought stress

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) fails to improve blood flow and to promote collateralization in a diabetic mouse ischemic hindlimb model

BACKGROUND: Angiogenic therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been proposed as a treatment paradigm for patients suffering from an insufficiency of collateral vessels. Diabetes is associated with increase in the production of VEGF and therefore additional VEGF may not be beneficial. Accordingly, we sought to determine the efficacy of VEGF therapy to augment collateral formation and tissue perfusion in a diabetic mouse ischemic hindlimb model. METHODS: Diabetic and non-diabetic mice were studied in parallel for the efficacy of VEGF administration. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin. Hindlimb ischemia was produced by severing the left iliac artery. An outlet tube from an osmotic infusion pump with placebo/ 500 micrograms of plasmid-DNA encoding VEGF was fenestrated and tunneled into the left quadriceps muscle. RESULTS: VEGF induced more rapid and complete restoration of blood flow in normal mice. However, in the setting of diabetes there was no difference between VEGF Vs. placebo in the rate or adequacy of flow restoration. There was a significant increase in smooth muscle actin and Factor-VIII antigen densities in diabetic animals and in animals which received VEGF. CONCLUSIONS: Angiogenic therapy with VEGF in the setting of diabetes does not appear to have the beneficial effects seen in the absence of diabetes