Large diamagnetic persistent currents

In multichannel rings, evanescent modes will always co-exist with propagating modes. The evanescent modes can carry a very large diamagnetic persistent current that can oscillate with energy and are very sensitive to impurity scattering. This provides a natural explanation for the large diamagnetic persistent currents observed in experiments.Comment: 5 figure

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF MOMETASONE FUROATE AND FORMOTEROL FUMARATE BY HPLC METHOD IN ROTACAPS

Objective: To develop and validate a simple and sensitive RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of mometasone furoate (MOM) and formoterol fumarate (FOR) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Methods: In RP-HPLC method, chromatographic separation was achieved using a mixture of a solvent system consisting of methanol–water (pH 3.5) in the ratio of 85:15 % v/v at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and detection was carried out at 225 nm. Results: The run time for the simultaneous estimation of drugs for the proposed method was 10 min as drugs eluted at 5.217 min (MOM) and 8.650 min (FOR). The linearity was found in the range of 33.33-299.97 μg/ml and 1-9 μg/ml for MOM and FOR, respectively. The values of limit of detection and limit of quantification were 3.634, 0.266 µg/ml and 11.014, 0.807 µg/ml, which indicates the sensitivity of the method for the estimation of MOM and FOR, respectively. The results of recovery studies for both the drugs were within the range i.e. 98.87-101.48 % which indicates the accuracy of the method. Relative standard deviation obtained from repeatability and reproducibility studies were less than 2% indicates the precision of the method. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Conclusion: The proposed RP-HPLC method was found to be sensitive and precise because of the low LOD, LOQ and % RSD values (<2). The proposed work does not require acetonitrile and ion pairing reagent as compared to the reported methods. Therefore, method can be used preferably for routine analysis due to its simplicity and economic advantages

Combining remote sensing-simulation modeling and genetic algorithm optimization to explore water management options in irrigated agriculture

We present an innovative approach to explore water management options in irrigated agriculture considering the constraints of water availability and the heterogeneity of irrigation system properties. The method is two-folds: (i) system characterization using a stochastic data assimilation procedure where the irrigation system properties and operational management practices are estimated using remote sensing (RS) data; and (ii) water management optimization where we explored water management options under various levels of water availability. We set up a soil–water–atmosphere–plant model (SWAP) in a deterministic–stochastic mode for regional modeling. The distributed data, e.g. sowing dates, irrigation practices, soil properties, depth to groundwater and water quality, required as inputs for the regional modeling were estimated by minimizing the residuals between the distributions of field-scale evapotranspiration (ET) simulated by the regional application of SWAP, and by surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) using two Landsat7 ETM+ images. The derived distributed data were used as inputs in exploring water management options. Genetic algorithm was used in data assimilation and water management optimizations. The case study was conducted in Bata minor (lateral canal), Kaithal, Haryana, India during 2000–2001 rabi (dry) season. Our results showed that under limited water condition, regional wheat yield could improve further if water and crop management practices are considered simultaneously and not independently. Adjusting sowing dates and their distribution in the irrigated area could improve the regional yield, which also complements the practice of deficit irrigation when water availability is largely a constraint. This result was also found in agreement with the scenario that water is non-limited with the exception that the farmers have more degrees of freedom in their agricultural activities. An improvement of the regional yield to 8.5% is expected under the current scenario

Evolution of the Chern-Simons Vortices

Based on the gauge potential decomposition theory and the $\phi$-mapping theory, the topological inner structure of the Chern-Simons-Higgs vortex has been showed in detail. The evolution of CSH vortices is studied from the topological properties of the Higgs scalar field. The vortices are found generating or annihilating at the limit points and encountering, splitting or merging at the bifurcation points of the scalar field $\phi .$Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure

Low-loss singlemode PECVD silicon nitride photonic wire waveguides for 532-900 nm wavelength window fabricated within a CMOS pilot line

PECVD silicon nitride photonic wire waveguides have been fabricated in a CMOS pilot line. Both clad and unclad single mode wire waveguides were measured at lambda = 532, 780, and 900 nm, respectively. The dependence of loss on wire width, wavelength, and cladding is discussed in detail. Cladded multimode and singlemode waveguides show a loss well below 1 dB/cm in the 532-900 nm wavelength range. For singlemode unclad waveguides, losses < 1 dB/cm were achieved at lambda = 900 nm, whereas losses were measured in the range of 1-3 dB/cm for lambda = 780 and 532 nm, respectively

Characterization of PECVD Silicon Nitride Photonic Components at 532 and 900 nm Wavelength

Low temperature PECVD silicon nitride photonic waveguides have been fabricated by both electron beam lithography and 200 mm DUV lithography. Propagation losses and bend losses were both measured at 532 and 900 nm wavelength, revealing sub 1dB/cm propagation losses for cladded waveguides at both wavelengths for single mode operation. Without cladding, propagation losses were measured to be in the 1-3 dB range for 532 nm and remain below 1 dB/cm for 900 nm for single mode waveguides. Bend losses were measured for 532 nm and were well below 0.1 dB per 90 degree bend for radii larger than 10 mu m

How effective are continuous flow left ventricular assist devices in lowering high pulmonary artery pressures in heart transplant candidates?

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is considered a risk factor for morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing heart transplantation. Medical therapy with oral and pharmacologic agents is not always effective in reducing pulmonary artery (PA) pressures. Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have been used to reduce PA pressures in cases of PH unresponsive to medical therapy. Methods and results: Our study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of axial- and centrifugal- continuous flow LVADs in reversing PH in heart transplant candidates. Hemodynamics were assessed pre- and post-operatively in nine patients undergoing HeartMate II and six patients undergoing HeartWare continuous flow LVADs. Mean PA pressures were reduced from 31.9 &#177; 10.6 mm Hg to 22.1 &#177; 6.6 mm Hg (p = 0.001), and pulmonary vascular resistance was reduced from 3.08 &#177; 1.6 mm Hg to 1.8 &#177; 1.0 mm Hg (p = 0.007). This improvement was seen within seven days of LVAD implantation. Three of 15 patients were successfully transplanted, with 100% survival at an average of 199 days post-transplant. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that both axial- and centrifugal-continuous flow LVADs are effective in immediately lowering PA pressures in heart transplant candidates with PH. (Cardiol J 2012; 19, 2: 153&#8211;158

Climate Smart agricultural practices improve soil quality through organic carbon enrichment and lower greenhouse gas emissions in farms of bread bowl of India

Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to NEWS India-UK for providing the first author Fellowship during the study. We are also grateful to CCAFS-CIMMYT for allowing us to collect soil samples from climate smart villages of Karnal, Haryana. The help received from Kartar Singh during soil analysis, and Kapil, Rakesh, Rajinder and Anil during field survey and sample collection is gratefully acknowledged. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments which significantly improved the quality of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPostprin

COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS IN TISSUES DURING SHORT PULSE LASER IRRADIATION USING FOCUSED BEAM

ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to perform experimental measurements validated with numerical modeling results for analyzing the temperature distributions and heat affected zone during short pulse laser irradiation of tissues using focused beam. A Q-switched laser is used as a radiation source. A threelayered tissue phantom model of skin consisting of epidermis, dermis, and fatty tissues is first considered for model validation. Tumors are simulated with inhomogeneities embedded inside the tissue phantoms. Experiments are next conducted with freshly excised skin tissue samples from mice and finally on live anaesthetized mice to consider the bulk effect of convective heat transfer due to blood flow. Experimental measurements of axial and radial temperature distributions for all the cases are compared with numerical modeling results obtained using Pennes&apos; bio-heat transfer equation coupled with either traditional Fourier parabolic or non-Fourier hyperbolic heat conduction formulation. Experimentally measured temperature profiles in tissue phantoms, skin tissue samples, and live anaesthetized mice are found to match extremely well with the predictions from the non-Fourier model than the Fourier formulation by considering skin as a multi-layered medium. It is also observed that focused laser beam produces desired temperature rise at the target site with lesser radial spread compared to a collimated laser beam source