Is government ownership of banks really harmful to growth?

We show that previous results suggesting that government ownership of banks has a negative effect on economic growth are not robust to adding more 'fundamental' determinants of economic growth, such as institutions. We also present regression results from a more recent period (1995-2007) which suggest that, if anything, government ownership of banks has been associated with higher long run growth rates, even after controlling for institutions and other variables suggested by the growth literature. Drawing on the current global financial crisis, we provide a conceptual framework which explains why under certain circumstances government owned banks could have a greater effect on economic growth than privately-owned banks

Political Economy Origins of Financial Markets in Europe and Asia

We provide historical evidence from London, Amsterdam and Hong Kong which highlights the essential role played by governments in kick-starting financial development. In the cases of London and Amsterdam, the emergence of financial markets was a by-product of the rise of large trading monopolies. These monopolies, partly created to improve public finances, were responsible for major financial innovations and helped to strengthen investors' property rights. In Hong Kong, where the financial development model was bank-based, a large banking monopoly with close links to both the British and Chinese governments, set up to finance international trade, played a similar role. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.postprin

An efficient strategy for the development of tourism at regional level

Tourism promotes the development of small and medium-sized business, an increase in employment and self-employment, and allows smoothing the disproportions of territorial development. The objective of this work is to study the modern state of the tourism industry and to reveal the strategical development trends of tourism in the regions of the Southern Federal District (SFD). The statistical data of Rosstat (Federal Service of State Statistics), Federal Agency for Tourism, the database of the EMISS (Unified Interdepartmental Statistical Information System) and other open sources of information were used as the sources of secondary information. The practical part of the research is based upon the application of the author’s method of estimation of the current state of the tourism industry in the regions that presupposes the calculation of the complex index of tourism development in the region. The results of the performed research allowed classifying the regions according to the level of tourism development and determining the strategies of competitiveness improvement of the regional touristic products on its base.peer-reviewe

THE CONCEPT "GARDEN" IN THE FRENCH AND TATAR LITERARY DISCOURSE

The present paper analyzes the functioning of the phytomorphic metaphor in the literary discourse of the French and Tatar languages. The subject matter of analysis is the concept “Garden” in the works of French and Tatar fiction of the 19th-20th centuries. The authors study the semantic components of the concept “Garden”, in particular, “flower” and “fruit”, and determine the direction of metaphorical transfer. In relation to the research, the authors have used a conceptual analysis method which implies fixing and explaining fragments of the conceptual world image of the speakers of French and Tatar; a contextual analysis method combining the study of national and author’s individual world images; the study of the lexical-semantic group of phytonyms of the French and Tatar languages. The study reveals the meanings to have not been previously fixed in dictionaries. So, it has been found that the lexeme jardin “garden” in French literary discourse can have the following meanings: harmony, circle of interests, everyday life, work, intimity, unworldly person; the lexeme бакча “garden” in the Tatar language – harmony, feelings and emotions, happiness, youth, the beginning of life; the lexeme чәчәк “flower” in the Tatar language acquires such meanings as happiness, youth, hope, adorning, embellishment, beauty; fleur “flower” in French is associated with fragility, tenderness, beauty, blossom. The results of the research can be used in interpretation and translation studies, lexicography

Evaluate of motivation to education of distance education students who study on pharmaceutical faculty of UGMU

In the article research results of motivation to the higher pharmaceutical education reception of distance education students with a method of survey are considered.В статье рассмотрены результаты исследования мотивации к получению высшего фармацевтического образования студентов, обучающихся на заочной форме обучения, методом анкетирования

Discovery of recessive effect of human polymerase δ proofreading deficiency through mutational analysis of POLD1-mutated normal and cancer cells

Constitutional heterozygous pathogenic variants in the exonuclease domain of POLE and POLD1, which affect the proofreading activity of the corresponding polymerases, cause a cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by increased risk of gastrointestinal polyposis, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer and other tumor types. The generally accepted explanation for the connection between the disruption of the proofreading activity of polymerases epsilon and delta and cancer development is through an increase in the somatic mutation rate. Here we studied an extended family with multiple members heterozygous for the pathogenic POLD1 variant c.1421T>C p.(Leu474Pro), which segregates with the polyposis and cancer phenotypes. Through the analysis of mutational patterns of patient-derived fibroblasts colonies and de novo mutations obtained by parent-offspring comparisons, we concluded that heterozygous POLD1 L474P just subtly increases the somatic and germline mutation burden. In contrast, tumors developed in individuals with a heterozygous mutation in the exonuclease domain of POLD1, including L474P, have an extremely high mutation rate (>100 mut/Mb) associated with signature SBS10d. We solved this contradiction through the observation that tumorigenesis involves somatic inactivation of the wildtype POLD1 allele. These results imply that exonuclease deficiency of polymerase delta has a recessive effect on mutation rate.journal articl

Clinical and etiopathogenetic aspects of depressive and anxiety disorders’ comorbidity: towards the problem of achieving stable remission

Depressive and anxiety disorders’ comorbidity is the most common combination of psychiatric disorders, which is associated with a higher risk of suicidal behavior, medical, social and professional problems. The clinical features of comorbid disorders are characterized by the difficulty of verification and is complicated by the possibility of developing secondary disorders, such as alcohol and psychoactive substance abuse. Etiopathogenetic mechanisms include a complex interaction between biological and psychological processes. In this regard, the need for further development of diagnostic algorithms, study of complex therapy to achieve stable remission in patients with comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders is emphasized

Bronchodilator reversibility test for broncho-obstructive syndrome detection and differential diagnosis of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Purpose – to analyze the method of bronchodilator reversibility test (BRT) at different doses of salbutamol in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Materials and methods. We examined 80 patients with broncho-obstructive syndrome, including 50 patients with a mild persistent BA (Group I) and 30 patients with COPD of moderate (course B) severity (Group II). All patients underwent routine methods of investigation: general clinical, laboratory, pulmonary function test, radiography of the chest organs (if needed), and statistical methods were used. Results. Two methods of BRT were performed that differed in the dose of salbutamol to examine the patients with BA and COPD. All 50 patients with BA were first examined for bronchodilator reversibility with 200 micrograms of salbutamol and then, usually in 2 weeks, with 400 micrograms of salbutamol. Reversibility was in all the patients with BA within 15 minutes after 200 micrograms of salbutamol inhalation, but in 30 patients (60 %) it was full (12 % and more than the previous, >200 ml), and in 20 patients it was partial (less than 12 % or 200 ml). Full reversibility was found in 46 out of the 50 patients (92 %) within 30 minutes and it was 12 % or more (>200 ml) in all the patients only within 45 minutes. When using a salbutamol dose of 400 mg in BRT, the following results were obtained: full reversibility was in 47 (94 %) patients within 15 minutes and in another 3 patients within 30 minutes, that is in all the patients with BA. 16 (53.3 %) patients with COPD were considered nonreversible following administration a dose of salbutamol 200 micrograms within 15 minutes and partial reversibility was in 14 (46.7 %) patients with COPD. Partial reversibility was found in 10 patients (33.3 %) after 30 minutes, and 6 patients (20.0 %) were nonreversible or reversibility was within 2–3 %; in 4 out of the 6 patients (93.24 % in total) partial reversibility was only after 45 minutes and the remaining two patients were nonreversible even after 60 minutes of the examination. BRT revealed partial reversibility at a salbutamol dose of 400 micrograms in 26 (86.6 %) patients with COPD within 15 minutes, in another 3 (96.6 %) patients – within 30 minutes and after 45 minutes – in all patients; none of the patients showed full reversibility. Conclusions. According to conducted study, salbutamol for BRT can be used at a dose of 200 and 400 mcg in patients with BA, but the time of repeated spirometry should be different: at 200 mcg – not earlier than 30 minutes, or preferably 45 minutes; and at 400 mcg – 15 minutes after or a maximum of 30 minutes. In patients with COPD, the use of salbutamol at a dose of 200 mcg is impractical, but a dose of 400 mcg should be used and repeated spirometry is needed not earlier than 30 minutes after a test dose of the drug

Study of motivation to labor activity of students 4-5 courses of pharmaceutical faculty

The article presents the results of studying student’s motivation who learn on the 4-5 year in the pharmaceutical faculty of the Ural state medical university. The problems of motivation of students to work activity, their professional intentions are considered.В статье приведены результаты изучения трудовой мотивации студентов 4-5 курса фармацевтического факультета УГМУ. Рассмотрены проблемы мотивации обучающихся к трудовой деятельности, их профессиональные намерения