Monetary Integration Issues in Latin America: A Multivariate Assessment

Summary: This paper assesses the monetary consequences of the Latin-American inte-gration process. Over the period 1991-2007, we analyze a sample of five Latin-American countries focusing on the feasibility of a monetary union between L.A. economies. To this end, we study the issue of business cycle synchronization with the occurrence of common shocks. First, we assess the international disturbances influence on the domes-tic business cycles. Second, we analyze the impact of the adoption of different exchange rate regimes on the countries ’ responses to shocks

Electrical activation of insulator-to-metal transition in vanadium dioxide single-crystal nanobeam and their high-frequency switching performances

International audienceWe demonstrate the integration of vanadium dioxide single-crystal nanobeams fabricated by modified vapor–liquid–solid method as electrical switching elements into a radio-frequency transmission line and evaluate the performances of the overall device in modulating the transmission of the conveyed RF electromagnetic waves. The switching capability of the RF device is based on the metal–insulator transition of VO$_2$ nanobeams, with an on/off electrical switching ratio of 10$^4$, i.e., resistance modulation from more than 10$^6$Ω when the wires are in the insulating state to only ≈20Ω when they are in the metal-like state. The thermal and electrical activation of the VO$_2$ wires between the two dissimilar states is resulting in RF switching performances characterized by more than 15 dB change in the transmission coefficient of the device over the 100 MHz–24 GHz frequency domain

Electrical activation of insulator-to-metal transition in vanadium dioxide single-crystal nanobeam and their high-frequency switching performances

International audienceWe demonstrate the integration of vanadium dioxide single-crystal nanobeams fabricated by modified vapor–liquid–solid method as electrical switching elements into a radio-frequency transmission line and evaluate the performances of the overall device in modulating the transmission of the conveyed RF electromagnetic waves. The switching capability of the RF device is based on the metal–insulator transition of VO$_2$ nanobeams, with an on/off electrical switching ratio of 10$^4$, i.e., resistance modulation from more than 10$^6$Ω when the wires are in the insulating state to only ≈20Ω when they are in the metal-like state. The thermal and electrical activation of the VO$_2$ wires between the two dissimilar states is resulting in RF switching performances characterized by more than 15 dB change in the transmission coefficient of the device over the 100 MHz–24 GHz frequency domain

The institutional failures of International Monetary Fund conditionality

Conditionality, Institutional changes, International Monetary Fund, Public choice, F3, N2,