Space Efficient Breadth-First and Level Traversals of Consistent Global States of Parallel Programs

Enumerating consistent global states of a computation is a fundamental problem in parallel computing with applications to debug- ging, testing and runtime verification of parallel programs. Breadth-first search (BFS) enumeration is especially useful for these applications as it finds an erroneous consistent global state with the least number of events possible. The total number of executed events in a global state is called its rank. BFS also allows enumeration of all global states of a given rank or within a range of ranks. If a computation on n processes has m events per process on average, then the traditional BFS (Cooper-Marzullo and its variants) requires $\mathcal{O}(\frac{m^{n-1}}{n})$ space in the worst case, whereas ou r algorithm performs the BFS requires $\mathcal{O}(m^2n^2)$ space. Thus, we reduce the space complexity for BFS enumeration of consistent global states exponentially. and give the first polynomial space algorithm for this task. In our experimental evaluation of seven benchmarks, traditional BFS fails in many cases by exhausting the 2 GB heap space allowed to the JVM. In contrast, our implementation uses less than 60 MB memory and is also faster in many cases

Development and characterization of silicone/phosphorus modified epoxy materials and their application as anticorrosion and antifouling coatings

Epoxy resin is chosen for our present study owing to its exceptional combination of properties such as easy processing, high safety, excellent solvent and chemical resistance, toughness, low shrinkage on cure, good electrical, mechanical and corrosion resistance with excellent adhesion to many substrates. This versatility in formulation made epoxy resins widely applied for surface coatings, adhesives, laminates, composites, potting, painting materials, encapsulant for semiconductor and insulating material for electric devices. There are numerous paint/coating systems based on epoxy resin available for corrosion and fouling prevention. They however are not completely satisfactory in field applications, where high corrosion, fouling and flame resistance are required. The demand for epoxy resin as corrosion/fouling resistant coatings is restricted mainly due to its inferior characteristics like poor impact strength, high rigidity, and moisture absorbing nature besides inadequate flame retardant properties. It is for this reason that silicones and phosphorus-based compounds are used as modifier in this work by intercrosslinking network mechanism (ICN) to obtain epoxy resin with desired properties ideally suitable for field applications for preventing corrosion and fouling with flame retardantancy. The present work involves the development of solvent free silicone/phosphorus modified epoxy coating systems, since solvent free coating systems are widely used for numerous applications due to their lower cost per unit film thickness, freedom from fire and pollution hazard and ability to provide better performance. For the development of coating systems, epoxy resin (X) serves as base material, hydroxyl terminated dimethylsiloxane (HTPDMS) as modifier, aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) as crosslinking agent and dibutyltindilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. Polyamidoamine (A), aromatic amine adducts (B) and phosphorus-containing diamine (C) were used as curing agents. The study also describes the evaluation of corrosion resistant behaviour of unmodified epoxy and siliconized epoxy coatings by potentiodynamic polarization method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), salt-spray and antifouling tests. The results are discussed.CSIR. National Metallurgical Laboratory. Madras Centre. Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia

Improvement of Mechanical, Thermal and Optical Properties of Barium Mixed Cobalt Tartrate Hydrate Crystals Grown by Gel Method

In this present work, CTH and BCTH crystals have been prepared by gel technique by using single diffusion method at room temperature. The as grown crystals were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, UV, TG / DTA and Micro hardness studies. X-ray powder diffraction results analyzed by using suitable software suggest that a CTH and BCTH crystals belong to cubic crystal system. The unit cell volume is observed to increase with increase in the concentration of barium in cobalt tartrate due to the lattice distortion. The band gap and optical properties have analyzed by UV-Visible spectrum. The functional groups and compound formation of the crystals have been studied by FT-IR spectrum. The mechanical properties of the grown crystals were tested by using Vicker’s microhardness studies. The work hardening coefficient (n) was determined to be 3.7 for CTH, 5.3 for BCTH (1 : 1) and 6.4 for BCTH (2 : 1) and the stiffness constants for different loads were calculated and reported. Thermal analysis suggests that pure cobalt tartrate starts decomposing at 73.2 C whereas the barium mixed cobalt tartrate brings about better thermal stability which increases with an increase in barium concentration

A COMPARATIVE SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF THE TOTAL PHENOLICS, FLAVONOIDS, AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES IN THE SEED EXTRACTS OF PUNICA GRANATUM L., PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L., AND VITIS VINIFERA L.

Objectives: The synthetic antioxidants produce numerous adverse effects to overcome these adverse effects and the use of natural products is the alternative. In this study, the evaluation of total phenolics, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant properties of Punica granatum, Psidium guajava, and Vitis vinifera seed extracts was done. Methods: The total phenolic content was estimated with gallic acid equivalent and the total flavonoid contents were estimated on quercetin equivalent. For the antioxidant properties of selected seed extracts, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, ferrous reducing power, and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays were followed to find the free radical scavenging ability of the selected seed extracts. Results: The ethyl acetate extract of P. granatum seed contains higher phenolic content (70.25±1.25 μg/ml) and flavonoid content (58.15±1.85 μg/ml) and possesses a high free radical scavenging ability. Based on the inhibitory effects of fruit seeds against synthetic radicals, they can be ranked as P. granatum>P. guajava>V. vinifera. Conclusion: According to overall observations of the study, the pomegranate seed extract contains a higher level of phenolic and flavonoid contents and shows a higher scavenging effect against free radicals among the others seeds. Phytochemical screening showed that the ethyl acetate extract of pomegranate fruit seed possesses more secondary metabolites compared to other seed extracts

On Minuscule Topological Spaces

Numerous types of topological spaces are introduced every year by dif- ferent topologists. In this article we introduced Minuscule topological spaces and discussed properties and applications. The present article discusses the aspects of a novel family of functions on M-topological spaces, referred to as minuscule topological spaces, in terms of of M- closed sets, M- clo- sure and M -interior. Apart from that, a conscious effort is put forth to define M −open maps, M − closed maps and M −homeomorphism

On Relativistic Wave Equation for Particles of Integer Spins

The representation given by Mathews to describe particles of integer spins is modified in such a way that the Hamiltonian does not contain the matrix Co which is a null matrix. An extreme relativistic limit of the modified Hamiltonian is also obtained

Impact of organic inputs on quality traits and nutrient content of Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria L.): Heat map, PCA, correlation and path analysis

Nutrient deficiency in vegetables is a significant challenge for meeting the dietary needs of a growing population and improving the nutritional quality of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria L.) through organic inputs can address this issue. An experiment was conducted at the Department of Vegetable Science, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (2023-2024) aimed to enhance the nutritional quality of bottle gourd through organic methods. The research was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 11 treatment combinations and control, the study focused on improving its nutrient content, avoiding pesticide residues and supporting eco-friendly cultivation. Statistical analyses such as ANOVA, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), path analysis, phenotypic correlation and heat map analysis were used to evaluate the effects of organic inputs on the nutritional quality and market value of bottle gourd, ensuring better health benefits. Results from Season I and Season II revealed that treatment T9, which incorporated (Farmyard manure, Vermicompost, Neem cake, 3G extract, five-leaf extract, Panchagavya, Fish fermented extract, Egg fermented extract, Bacillus substilis), treatment T9 yielded the highest nutritional quality in bottle gourd, including protein (0.0275%), ascorbic acid (8.61%) and total ash (6.27%). It also had the highest macro and micronutrient levels, such as phosphorus (19.1 mg/g), potassium (1.74 mg/g), calcium (30.2 mg/g), copper (0.066 mg/g), iron (0.038 mg/g) and selenium (0.318 mg/g), showcasing its superior nutritional profile. These findings suggest that organic inputs, particularly in treatment T9, significantly enhance the nutritional quality of bottle gourd, offering a viable eco-friendly alternative to conventional cultivation methods

Improvement of Mechanical, Thermal and Optical Properties of Barium Mixed Cobalt Tartrate Hydrate Crystals Grown by Gel Method

In this present work, CTH and BCTH crystals have been prepared by gel technique by using single diffusion method at room temperature. The as grown crystals were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, UV, TG / DTA and Micro hardness studies. X-ray powder diffraction results analyzed by using suitable software suggest that a CTH and BCTH crystals belong to cubic crystal system. The unit cell volume is observed to increase with increase in the concentration of barium in cobalt tartrate due to the lattice distortion. The band gap and optical properties have analyzed by UV-Visible spectrum. The functional groups and compound formation of the crystals have been studied by FT-IR spectrum. The mechanical properties of the grown crystals were tested by using Vicker’s microhardness studies. The work hardening coefficient (n) was determined to be 3.7 for CTH, 5.3 for BCTH (1 : 1) and 6.4 for BCTH (2 : 1) and the stiffness constants for different loads were calculated and reported. Thermal analysis suggests that pure cobalt tartrate starts decomposing at 73.2 C whereas the barium mixed cobalt tartrate brings about better thermal stability which increases with an increase in barium concentration

Biology, damage potential and molecular identification of Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee in cocoa

Conogethes punctiferalis is an important polyphagous pest attacking many economically important crops. Recently, C. punctiferalis has been found to be an emerging pest in cocoa and was found to feed and bore into cocoa pods. The larvae feed on the rind of cocoa cherelles/pods, later bore into pods, feed the internal contents of the pods, the granular faecal pellets are seen outside the pods. When pods/cherelles touch each other, it is easy for the larvae to damage more than one pod/cherelle. Pods damaged by Conogethes are exposed to secondary infection by pathogens that lead to pod rot. The larvae sometimes feed on flower buds and flowers cushions. The damaged flower cushions may dry and shed prematurely. The damage of C. punctiferalis on cocoa is observed from December and peak incidence is noticed during March to May. On an average 2 per cent damage was recorded in the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Regional Station, Vittal. In order to develop a DNA-based molecular identification system for this species, primers were designed based on two nuclear genes viz., ribosomal protein S5 (RPS5) gene and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase/ aspartate transcarbamylase/dihydroorotase (CAD). PCR-amenable DNA was isolated from C. puntiferalis larva. The designed primers amplified single bands of expected sizes using genomic DNA as template. The amplicons were purified, cloned and sequenced and sequence analysis revealed close homology to the gene of interest from related moths

CONCEPTION RATE IN POSTPARTUM COW USING CIDR ALONG WITH UTERINE ECBOLICS

A rapid postpartum uterine involution process followed by the early onset of cyclic ovarian activity is of paramount importance for achieving a continuous intensive reproduction in cows.Thirty six (36) normally calved pluriparous Holstein Friesian crossbred cows were equally divided into 4 experimental groups viz. groups I, II, III and IV (control). On day 2 postpartum, the animals of the group I were treated with an intramuscular injection of 25 mg PGF2 α, group II with 50 IU oxytocin, group III with 5 mg methyl ergometrine maleate and group IV with 5 ml normal saline. All the cows of four groups were inserted with Controlled Internal Drug Release device on day 45-55 postpartum intravaginally and left in situ for 9 days along with an intramuscular injection of 25 mg of PGF2 α 24 hours before the withdrawal of CIDR. At 48 and 72 hours of CIDR withdrawal, timed artificial insemination (TAI) using frozen thawed semen was performed to all the cows. The first service, second service and overall first and second service conception rates were 44.44, 22.22 and 66.66 in group I; 11.11, 33.33 and 44.44 in group II; 22.22, 33.33 and 55.55 in group III and 11.11, 22.22 and 33.33 in group IV, respectively. Among the treatment groups, quicker uterine involution and higher overall conception rate were noticed in group I cows