Minimal Standard Heterotic String Models

Three generation heterotic-string vacua in the free fermionic formulation gave rise to models with solely the MSSM states in the observable Standard Model charged sector. The relation of these models to Z_2 x Z_2 orbifold compactifications dictates that they produce three pairs of untwisted Higgs multiplets. The reduction to one pair relies on the analysis of supersymmetric flat directions, that give superheavy mass to the dispensable Higgs states. We explore the removal of the extra Higgs representations by using the free fermion boundary conditions and hence directly at the string level, rather than in the effective low energy field theory. We present a general mechanism that achieves this reduction by using asymmetric boundary conditions between the left- and right-moving internal fermions. We incorporate this mechanism in explicit string models containing three twisted generations and a single untwisted Higgs doublet pair. We further demonstrate that an additional effect of the asymmetric boundary conditions is to substantially reduce the supersymmetric moduli space.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX; added reference

Notes on entropic characteristics of quantum channels

One of most important issues in quantum information theory concerns transmission of information through noisy quantum channels. We discuss few channel characteristics expressed by means of generalized entropies. Such characteristics can often be dealt in line with more usual treatment based on the von Neumann entropies. For any channel, we show that the $q$-average output entropy of degree $q\geq1$ is bounded from above by the $q$-entropy of the input density matrix. Concavity properties of the $(q,s)$-entropy exchange are considered. Fano type quantum bounds on the $(q,s)$-entropy exchange are derived. We also give upper bounds on the map $(q,s)$-entropies in terms of the output entropy, corresponding to the completely mixed input.Comment: 10 pages, no figures. The statement of Proposition 1 is explicitly illustrated with the depolarizing channel. The bibliography is extended and updated. More explanations. To be published in Cent. Eur. J. Phy

Dynamic performance of detuned ridge waveguide AlInGaAs distributed feedback laser diodes

The dynamic behavior of AlInGaAs ridge waveguide distributed feedback lasers is reported in this work covering five detuned wavelengths between 1291 nm and 1326 nm for a laser active layer optical peak gain design centered at 1310 nm at room temperature. The detuning is achieved by modifying the laser grating pitch that performs the mode selection within the laser cavity simultaneously across a single processed wafer. The dynamic behavior is evaluated using the resonance frequencies of the detuned lasers measured at a range of injection currents for heatsink temperatures of 25°C and 85°C. The results confirm that a speed improvement can be achieved at 25°C by detuning the laser to shorter wavelengths. However, the results also show that a lower direct modulation bandwidth at 85°C makes the shorter wavelength design less attractive. For communications applications such as 10 Gbps uncooled operation, this trade-off between detuning and modulation bandwidth imply an optimum around −2 nm to +8 nm detuning (measured at 25°C)

On the Possibility of Optical Unification in Heterotic Strings

Recently J. Giedt discussed a mechanism, entitled optical unification, whereby string scale unification is facilitated via exotic matter with intermediate scale mass. This mechanism guarantees that a virtual MSSM unification below the string scale is extrapolated from the running of gauge couplings upward from M_Z^o when an intermediate scale desert is assumed. In this letter we explore the possibility of optical unification within the context of weakly coupled heterotic strings. In particular, we investigate this for models of free fermionic construction containing the NAHE set of basis vectors. This class is of particular interest for optical unification, because it provides a standard hypercharge embedding within SO(10), giving the standard k_Y = 5/3 hypercharge level, which was shown necessary for optical unification. We present a NAHE model for which the set of exotic SU(3)_C triplet/anti-triplet pairs, SU(2)_L doublets, and non-Abelian singlets with hypercharge offers the possibility of optical unification. Whether this model can realize optical unification is conditional upon these exotics not receiving Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) scale masses when a flat direction of scalar vacuum expectation values is non-perturbatively chosen to cancel the FI D-term, xi, generated by the anomalous U(1)-breaking Green-Schwarz-Dine-Seiberg-Wittten mechanism. A study of perturbative flat directions and their phenomenological implications for this model is underway. This paper is a product of the NFS Research Experiences for Undergraduates and the NSF High School Summer Science Research programs at Baylor University.Comment: 16 pages. Standard Late

Facteurs liés au diagnostic tardif du cancer du sein: expérience du CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech

Le cancer du sein est le premier cancer féminin en termes d'incidence et de mortalité. Au Maroc, il vient au premier rang des cancers de la femme avant celui du col utérin Il constitue un problème de santé publique. Son pronostic est étroitement lié au stade auquel le diagnostic est posé. Il s'agit d'une pathologie dont les moyens diagnostiques sont de nos jours développés, allant de la détection précoce à la mise en évidence de lésions infra-cliniques, ce qui a nettement amélioré le pronostic dans les pays développés. Ce travail que nous présentons a pour objectif d'identifier dans notre pratique quotidienne, les facteurs qui amènent les patientes à consulter à des stades tardifs. Une étude rétrospective a été menée de janvier 2012 à janvier 2013 portant sur 130 patientes porteuses d'un cancer du sein au sein du service d'onco-radiotherapie CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech. Un questionnaire a été élaboré et dument renseigné en ayant recours aux dossiers des malades. Ainsi 63,07% des patientes consultaient au-delà de six mois avec un délai moyen de consultation de 8,47 mois avec comme motif de consultation des lésions classées T4 dans 27,69%, et des tumeurs d'emblée métastatiques dans 13,84%. Les facteurs retrouvés à l'interrogatoire étaient le manque de moyens financiers 40%, l'éloignement des structures sanitaires dans 23%, les habitudes socioculturelles avec les traitements traditionnels en première intention 20%, et l'insuffisance de prise en charge thérapeutique 7%. Cependant, pris individuellement, aucune concordance significative n'était retrouvée entre ces facteurs et le long délai diagnostique. Dans notre pratique, c'est la conjonction de la triade ignorance, indigence et habitudes socioculturelles qui constituent le facteur essentiel du diagnostic tardif des cancers du sein

Heterotic orbifold models on Lie lattice with discrete torsion

We provide a new class of Z_N x Z_M heterotic orbifolds on non-factorisable tori, whose boundary conditions are defined by Lie lattices. Generally, point groups of these orbifolds are generated by Weyl reflections and outer automorphisms of the lattices. We classify abelian orbifolds with and without discrete torsion. Then we find that some of these models have smaller Euler numbers than those of models on factorisable tori T^2 x T^2 x T^2. There is a possibility that these orbifolds provide smaller generation numbers of N=1 chiral matter fields than factorisable models.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures; v2: a few errors on tables are corrected, typos corrected, version to appear in JHE

Renormalization Group Invariants in the MSSM and Its Extensions

We derive one-loop renormalization group (RG) invariant observables and analyze their phenomenological implications in the MSSM and its \mu problem solving extensions, U(1)' model and NMSSM. We show that there exist several RG invariants in the gauge, Yukawa and soft-breaking sectors of each model. In general, RG invariants are highly useful for projecting experimental data to messenger scale, for revealing correlations among the model parameters, and for probing the mechanism that breaks supersymmetry. The Yukawa couplings and trilinear soft terms in U(1)' model and NMSSM do not form RG invariants though there exist approximate invariants in low tan(beta). In the NMSSM, there are no invariants that contain the Higgs mass-squareds. We provide a comparative analysis of RG invariants in all three models and analyze their model-building and phenomenological implications by a number of case studies.Comment: 32 pages, 5 tables; extended previous analysis to include U(1)' models and NMSSM where a comparative discussion is give

Attractors for a class of semi-linear degenerate parabolic equations

We consider degenerate parabolic equations of the form ∂tu = Δλu + f(u) u{pipe}∂Ω = 0, u{pipe}t=0 = u0 in a bounded domain Ω ⊂N, where Δλ is a subelliptic operator of the type (Formula presented.) We prove global existence of solutions and characterize their longtime behavior. In particular, we show the existence and finite fractal dimension of the global attractor of the generated semigroup and the convergence of solutions to an equilibrium solution when time tends to infinity

Solitons, solitonic vortices, and vortex rings in a confined Bose-Einstein condensate

Quasi-one-dimensional solitons that may occur in an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate become unstable at high particle density. We study two basic modes of instability and the corresponding bifurcations to genuinely three-dimensional solitary waves such as axisymmetric vortex rings and non-axisymmetric solitonic vortices. We calculate the profiles of the above structures and examine their dependence on the velocity of propagation along a cylindrical trap. At sufficiently high velocity, both the vortex ring and the solitonic vortex transform into an axisymmetric soliton. We also calculate the energy-momentum dispersions and show that a Lieb-type mode appears in the excitation spectrum for all particle densities.Comment: RevTeX 9 pages, 9 figure