The Ideological Questions of Marriage in Thomas Hardy's Jude the Obscure

As one of the prominent ideologies of the nineteenth-century— in a complex interrelation with other contemporary ideological discourses particularly femininity and marriage—religion adopts a critical stance in Hardy's presentation of characters. Breaching the religio-conventional image of femininity as “Angel in the House” and “Cow Woman,” Hardy's Jude the Obscure (1895) is indeed deemed to be his milestone in presenting his anti-Christian attitudes towards the contemporary religion. This study aims to present Hardy's outright hostility towards the nineteenth-century Christianity through his creation of non-conformist characters, necessitating a parallel study with other contemporary discourses regarding marriage and femininity, and conflict with the religion of the time. Hardy's magnum opus, the work on which he was to stake his final reputation as a novelist, was clearly Jude the Obscure which as a noticeable socio-religious experimentation of the late nineteenth-century, reveals Hardy's perception of new ideas about femininity and marriage by presenting the hot contemporary issues of “New Woman” and “Free Union” through the development and presentation of Sue Bridehead and her free union with Jude, respectively. Hardy's presentation of Sue Bridehead as a “New Woman,” and employing the “Free Union” in marked contrast with the nineteenth-century convention of marriage as a “Bonded Pair” is Hardy's closing upshot of his final novelistic attempt. The non-conformist Jude and Sue are presented as figures touching the Victorian Christian standards of morality, while, the final tragic destiny of Jude and Sue's helplessness attest to the writer's substantial contribution as a Victorian male novelist to the ideologies circulating at the time

Hodge structures associated to SU(p,1)

Let A be an abelian variety over C such that the semisimple part of the Hodge group of A is a product of copies of SU(p,1) for some p>1. We show that any effective Tate twist of a Hodge structure occurring in the cohomology of A is isomorphic to a Hodge structure in the cohomology of some abelian variety

Tingkat Efisiensi dan Produktivitas Lembaga Zakat di Indonesia

Efficiency and Productivity Rate of Zakah Institution in IndonesiaThis study aimed to measure the efficiency and productivity of five zakah institutions. Calculation of efficiency level in this study are relative, not absolute. This Study consists of two methods: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI). There are 5 research objects, namely DD, BAZNAS, PKPU, YBM BRI and RZI with annual data 2005 to 2014. Furthermore, the lowest relative efficiencies level is DD (2010) amounted to 9.63%. In addition, approximately 80% of five OPZs increased the productivity. In the general, the main factor of inefficient of five zakat institutions from 2005 to 2014 was caused by distribution of zakah to ashnaf which still not optimal, then it cannot solve the poverty rate. Furthermore, it needs to increase collection and distribution of zakah fund amounted to 31.53% and 47.87%. Besides that it needs to decrease cost of socialization and operational cost amounted to 11.81% and 8.79%.DOI: 10.15408/ess.v7i1.368

The Comparison of Sukuk and Bond Absorption; Deficit Budget Financing in Indonesia

Objectives: This study aims to analyze: (i) the comparison of sukuk and bond absorption in deficit budget financing; and (ii) which variable that has significant effect on deficit budget (Y1= equation 1), on bond (Y2= equation 2) and on sukuk (Y3 = equation 3).Method: This study uses Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) method. The data used is from Bank of Indonesia, BPS, Ministry of Finance, IDX, ministry of trade, with monthly data, February 2009 – December 2015.Results: The result shows that sukuk has a significant negative effect on deficit budget while bond has a significant positive effect on deficit budget. In addition, import has a significant negative effect on deficit budget while exchange rate variable has a significant positive effect on deficit budget (the first equation). BI rate has significant negative effect on bond, while SBI and deficit budget has significant positive effect on bond (the second equation). Then, Inflation and bond has significant positive effect on sukuk, while deficit budget has significant negative effect on sukuk (the third equation).Conclusion: Both sukuk and bond have significant correlation in increasing each of them. Furthermore, both sukuk and bond have significant effect on deficit budget

How Far Has Our Wakaf Been Researched?

In practice, waqf in Indonesia faces many hard problems, because commonly known as non-productive waqf. Talking about waqf, it's not only as religious rituality but also could touch humanity aspect by empowering its potency to maximize public wealth. On the other hand, the research related to waqf is still very lack, but it is very important to do. This study reviews on research around waqf. The study used descriptive statistical analysis based on 100 journal publications related to waqf, both national and International journal. The entire sample journal publications have published last 5 years from 2011 to 2015. Results show that the waqf research is still dominated by the discussion of non-cash waqf (62%) then the cash waqf (38%). This gives a general overview for researchers to produce better research related to cash waqf. In addition, comparison of quantitative research methods is still far less than the qualitative approach.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v15i1.311

Ketepatan dan Kecepatan Pembidikan Pisir Penjera pada Latihan Bidik Kering Menggunakan Fuzzy Logic

Lesan Tembak Bidik Kering dibuat untuk mendukung tugas pokok TNI AD dalam rangka membantu prajurit pada bidang menembak untuk mendapatkan prajurit yang handal, dimana setiap prajurit harus mahir menembak.Perencanaan dan pembuatan alat dibangun dengan meggunakan alat perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak. Perangkat keras yang digunakan yaitu motor DC, mikrokontroler ATMega16, driver ULN2003, bluetooth, joystick, limit switch dan mekanik. Sedangkan perangkat lunak yang digunakan yaitu Software Code Vision AVR sebagai alat pengendali. Dalam pembuatan alat yang dimaksud supaya dapat berfungsi dengan baik, maka diperlukan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang karakteristik dan cara kerja komponen-komponen yang digunakan. Hal ini perlu dikuasa sebaik-baiknya untuk menghindari kesalan penggunaan komponen yang mengakibatkan kegagalan dalam pembuatan alat.Pada perencanaan hardware akan meliputi seluruh perihal yang digunakan pada sistem. Pada perencanaan software merupakan piranti lunak meliputi flowchart dan software secara umum. Perangkat tersebut saling terintegrasi sehingga dalam kerjanya akan maksimum sesuai apa yang diharapkan.Software ini diharapkan mampu memenuhi tugas pokok TNI AD khususnya keahlian menembak agar lebih efektif, akurat dan tepat dalam melaksanakan latihan menembak di satuan TNI AD

The Measurement of Islamic Bank Performance: a Study Using Maqasid Index and Profitability

This study aims to 1) measure Syariah Maqasid Index (SMI) and Profitability Index (PI) of Islamic Banks, and 2) compare the Syariah Maqasid and Profitability Index of Islamic Banks during 2011-2014 with cartesian diagram. This research consists of 2 methods: syariah maqasid index weighting (sekaran method), and Comparative Performance Index (CPI). The object of research consist of 11 Islamic Banks (BUS) in Indonesia with annual data 2011 to 2014. Result: Syariah Maqasid Index of BUS during 2011-2014 from the highest to the lowest, namely Panin Syariah (0254), BCAS (0212), BMI (0208), BRIS (0207), BSM (0202), BSB (0.2008), BJBS ( 0.2006), Victoria Syariah (0199), Maybank Syariah (0197), BNIS (0195), Mega Syariah Bank (0172). Then Profitability Index of BUS in 2011-2014 from the highest to the lowest, namely Maybank Syariah (628.5), Bank Mega Syariah (472.1), BSM (459.9), Panin Syariah (395.5), Victoria Sharia (355.4), BNIS (252.6), BMI (218.2), BCAS (155.4), BSB (150.9), BRIS (135.3), and BJBS (122.3). Conclusion: The highest of Syariah Maqasid Index is Panin Syariah Bank in period 2011-2014, while the highest of Profitability Index is Maybank Syariah in period 2011-2014

Introducing Waqf Based Takaful Model in India

Objective – Waqf is a unique feature of the socioeconomic system of Islam in a multi- religious and developing country like India. India is a rich country with waqf assets. The history of waqf in India can be traced back to 800 years ago. Most of the researchers, suggest how waqf can be used a tool to mitigate the poverty of Muslims. India has the third highest Muslim population after Indonesia and Pakistan. However, the majority of Muslims belong to the low income group and they are in need of help. It is believed that waqf can be utilized for the betterment of Indian Muslim community. Among the available uses of waqf assets, the main objective of this paper is to introduce waqf based takaful model in India. In addition, how this proposed model can be adopted in India is highlighted.Methods – Library research is applied since this paper relies on secondary data by thoroughlyreviewing the most relevant literature.Result – India as a rich country with waqf assets should fully utilize the resources to help the Muslims through takaful.Conclusion – In this study, we have proposed waqf based takaful model with the combination of the concepts mudarabah and wakalah for India. We recommend this model based on the background of the country and situations. Since we have not tested the viability of this model in India, future research should be continued on this testing