11,355 research outputs found
Efficient state-space inference of periodic latent force models
Latent force models (LFM) are principled approaches to incorporating solutions to differen-tial equations within non-parametric inference methods. Unfortunately, the developmentand application of LFMs can be inhibited by their computational cost, especially whenclosed-form solutions for the LFM are unavailable, as is the case in many real world prob-lems where these latent forces exhibit periodic behaviour. Given this, we develop a newsparse representation of LFMs which considerably improves their computational efficiency,as well as broadening their applicability, in a principled way, to domains with periodic ornear periodic latent forces. Our approach uses a linear basis model to approximate onegenerative model for each periodic force. We assume that the latent forces are generatedfrom Gaussian process priors and develop a linear basis model which fully expresses thesepriors. We apply our approach to model the thermal dynamics of domestic buildings andshow that it is effective at predicting day-ahead temperatures within the homes. We alsoapply our approach within queueing theory in which quasi-periodic arrival rates are mod-elled as latent forces. In both cases, we demonstrate that our approach can be implemented efficiently using state-space methods which encode the linear dynamic systems via LFMs.Further, we show that state estimates obtained using periodic latent force models can re-duce the root mean squared error to 17% of that from non-periodic models and 27% of thenearest rival approach which is the resonator model (S ̈arkk ̈a et al., 2012; Hartikainen et al.,2012.
Breaking the habit: measuring and predicting departures from routine in individual human mobility
Researchers studying daily life mobility patterns have recently shown that humans are typically highly predictable in their movements. However, no existing work has examined the boundaries of this predictability, where human behaviour transitions temporarily from routine patterns to highly unpredictable states. To address this shortcoming, we tackle two interrelated challenges. First, we develop a novel information-theoretic metric, called instantaneous entropy, to analyse an individual’s mobility patterns and identify temporary departures from routine. Second, to predict such departures in the future, we propose the first Bayesian framework that explicitly models breaks from routine, showing that it outperforms current state-of-the-art predictor
Modelling the relative velocities of isolated pairs of galaxies
We study the comoving relative velocities, v12, of model isolated galaxy
pairs at z=0.5. For this purpose, we use the predictions from the GALFORM
semi-analytical model of galaxy formation and evolution based on a Lambda cold
dark matter cosmology consistent with the results from WMAP7. In real space, we
find that isolated pairs of galaxies are predicted to form an angle t with the
line-of-sight that is uniformily distributed as expected if the Universe is
homogeneous and isotropic. We also find that isolated pairs of galaxies
separated by a comoving distance between 1 and 3 Mpc/h are predicted to have
=0. For galaxies in this regime, the distribution of the angle t is
predicted to change minimally from real to redshift space, with a change
smaller than 5% in . However, the distances defining the comoving
regime strongly depends on the applied isolation criteria.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, SF2A 2013 Proceedin
Viable 3C-SiC-on-Si MOSFET design disrupting current Material Technology Limitations
The cubic polytype (3C-) of Silicon Carbide (SiC) is an emerging semiconductor technology for power devices. The featured isotropic material properties along with the Wide Band Gap (WBG) characteristics make it an excellent choice for power Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). Nonetheless, material related limitations originate from the advantageous fact that 3C-SiC can be grown on Silicon (Si) wafers. One of these major limitations is an almost negligible activation of the p-type dopants after ion implantation because the annealing has to take place at relatively low temperatures. In this paper, a novel process flow for a vertical 3C-SiC-on-Si MOSFET is presented to overcome the difficulties that currently exist in obtaining a p-body region through implantation. The proposed design has been accurately simulated with Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) process and device software and a comparison is performed with the conventional SiC MOSFET design. The simulated output characteristics demonstrated a reduced on-resistance and at the same time it is shown that the blocking capability can be maintained to the same level. The promising performance of the novel design discussed in this paper is potentially the solution needed and a huge step towards the realisation of 3C-SiC-on-Si MOSFETs with commercially grated characteristics
Multiple-Scattering Series For Color Transparency
Color transparency CT depends on the formation of a wavepacket of small
spatial extent. It is useful to interpret experimental searches for CT with a
multiple scattering scattering series based on wavepacket-nucleon scattering
instead of the standard one using nucleon-nucleon scattering. We develop
several new techniques which are valid for differing ranges of energy. These
techniques are applied to verify some early approximations; study new forms of
the wave-packet-nucleon interaction; examine effects of treating wave packets
of non-zero size; and predict the production of 's in electron scattering
experiments.Comment: 26 pages, U.Wa. preprint 40427-23-N9
Dynamics of a quantum reference frame undergoing selective measurements and coherent interactions
We consider the dynamics of a quantum directional reference frame undergoing
repeated interactions. We first describe how a precise sequence of measurement
outcomes affects the reference frame, looking at both the case that the
measurement record is averaged over and the case wherein it is retained. We
find, in particular, that there is interesting dynamics in the latter situation
which cannot be revealed by considering the averaged case. We then consider in
detail how a sequence of rotationally invariant unitary interactions affects
the reference frame, a situation which leads to quite different dynamics than
the case of repeated measurements. We then consider strategies for correcting
reference frame drift if we are given a set of particles with polarization
opposite to the direction of drift. In particular, we find that by implementing
a suitably chosen unitary interaction after every two measurements we can
eliminate the rotational drift of the reference frame.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Growth inhibition of cytosolic Salmonella by caspase-1 and caspase-11 precedes host cell death
Sensing bacterial products in the cytosol of mammalian cells by NOD-like receptors leads to the activation of caspase-1 inflammasomes, and the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β. In addition, mouse caspase-11 (represented in humans by its orthologs, caspase-4 and caspase-5) detects cytosolic bacterial LPS directly. Activation of caspase-1 and caspase-11 initiates pyroptotic host cell death that releases potentially harmful bacteria from the nutrient-rich host cell cytosol into the extracellular environment. Here we use single cell analysis and time-lapse microscopy to identify a subpopulation of host cells, in which growth of cytosolic Salmonella Typhimurium is inhibited independently or prior to the onset of cell death. The enzymatic activities of caspase-1 and caspase-11 are required for growth inhibition in different cell types. Our results reveal that these proteases have important functions beyond the direct induction of pyroptosis and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in the control of growth and elimination of cytosolic bacteria
Sum Rule Description of Color Transparency
The assumption that a small point-like configuration does not interact with
nucleons leads to a new set of sum rules that are interpreted as models of the
baryon-nucleon interaction. These models are rendered semi-realistic by
requiring consistency with data for cross section fluctuations in proton-proton
diffractive collisions.Comment: 22 pages + 3 postscript figures attache
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