Employees as Individually and Collectively Acting Subjects—Key Contributions from Nordic Working Life Research

The Nordic countries—Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden—are societies that share many features among themselves that also distinguish them from other industrialized countries. The paper poses the question whether the distinct character of the Nordic societies has generated working life research that is clearly distinguishable from similar research in other countries in terms of distinctness in topics, methods, empirical findings, or theoretical concepts. The aim of this paper is to answer this question by identifying, analyzing, and discussing selected key contributions from Nordic working life research to understand how they research and construe the conditions of humans at work with a special focus on the psychosocial well-being of industrial workers. The paper concludes that the key contributions to Nordic working life research have a distinctive emphasis on collective employee voice and autonomy and an extensive use of empirical and actionoriented research methods. Employees are construed not only as workers resisting exploitations from management or as workers pursuing individual careers, but also as members of collectives who share ideas and aspirations and who legitimately influence the management (and research) using cooperation and pressure

Employees as Individually and Collectively Acting Subjects—Key Contributions from Nordic Working Life Research

The Nordic countries—Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden—are societies that share many features among themselves that also distinguish them from other industrialized countries. The paper poses the question whether the distinct character of the Nordic societies has generated working life research that is clearly distinguishable from similar research in other countries in terms of distinctness in topics, methods, empirical findings, or theoretical concepts. The aim of this paper is to answer this question by identifying, analyzing, and discussing selected key contributions from Nordic working life research to understand how they research and construe the conditions of humans at work with a special focus on the psychosocial well-being of industrial workers. The paper concludes that the key contributions to Nordic working life research have a distinctive emphasis on collective employee voice and autonomy and an extensive use of empirical and actionoriented research methods. Employees are construed not only as workers resisting exploitations from management or as workers pursuing individual careers, but also as members of collectives who share ideas and aspirations and who legitimately influence the management (and research) using cooperation and pressure

En vurdering av finanstilsynets retningslinjer for forsvarlig utlånspraksis for lån til boligformål

Denne masterutredningen har til hensikt å vurdere Finanstilsynets kapitalkrav for forsvarlig utlånspraksis som ble innført 1. desember 2011. Utredningen starter med å se på sammenhengen mellom gjeld, boligpriser og finansiell stabilitet. Videre vurderer vi om det er nødvendig å innføre tiltak for å redusere risikoen blant husholdningene. Herunder undersøker vi risiko knyttet til utviklingen i husholdningenes gjeld, gjelds- og rentebelastning samt risikoen knyttet til utvikling i boligprisene. Videre gjennomgår vi kjente boligprismodeller for å identifisere faktorer som kan forklare utviklingen i boligprisene i senere tid. Vi undersøker også om det kan være bobletendenser i dagens boligmarked. Vi ser så på de mulige effektene kapitalkravet kan ha på husholdningenes gjeldsoppbygging og boligprisutviklingen, og vurderer i hvilken grad kapitalkravet oppnår det ønskede målet om redusert risiko blant husholdningene. Det vil også bli foretatt en vurdering av alternative/komplementerende tiltak som kan oppnå det samme. Vi ser at det har vært en kraftig opplåning i husholdningssektoren sammen med en voldsom boligprisvekst de siste 20 årene. Det ser ikke ut til at fundamentale faktorer kan forsvare boligprisveksten fullt ut, og vi finner indikasjoner på at det er en bobledannelse. Uavhengig om det er en boble i boligmarkedet har vi identifisert en potensiell nedside i gjelds- og boligmarkedet dersom det skulle komme negative sjokk i de fundamentale faktorene vi har identifisert. Vi mener derfor at tiltak for å redusere risikoen i husholdningssektoren er berettiget, men vi finner svakheter ved kravet, og drøfter derfor alternativer til kapitalkravet

Detailed analysis of the lattice Boltzmann method on unstructured grids

The lattice Boltzmann method has become a standard for efficiently solving problems in fluid dynamics. While unstructured grids allow for a more efficient geometrical representation of complex boundaries, the lattice Boltzmann methods is often implemented using regular grids. Here we analyze two implementations of the lattice Boltzmann method on unstructured grids, the standard forward Euler method and the operator splitting method. We derive the evolution of the macroscopic variables by means of the Chapman-Enskog expansion, and we prove that it yields the Navier-Stokes equation and is first order accurate in terms of the temporal discretization and second order in terms of the spatial discretization. Relations between the kinetic viscosity and the integration time step are derived for both the Euler method and the operator splitting method. Finally we suggest an improved version of the bounce-back boundary condition. We test our implementations in both standard benchmark geometries and in the pore network of a real sample of a porous rock.Comment: 42 page

4-Bromo­seleno­anisole

The title compound, 1-bromo-4-methyl­seleno­benzene, C7H7BrSe, was prepared by methyl­ation of 4-bromo­seleno­phenolate with methyl iodide, and crystals suitable for structure determination were obtained by sublimation. The mol­ecule is essentially planar; the Se—Me bond is rotated by only 2.59 (19)° out of the least-squares plane of the benzene ring. The most pronounced intermolecular interactions are two hydrogen bonds of the type C—H⋯π, which determine a herring-bone pattern in the crystal packing

Reconstruction of Single-Grain Orientation Distribution Functions for Crystalline Materials

A fundamental imaging problem in microstructural analysis of metals is the reconstruction of local crystallographic orientations from X-ray diffraction measurements. This work deals with the computation of the 3D orientation distribution function for individual grains of the material in consideration. We present an iterative large-scale algorithm that uses preconditioned regularizing CGLS iterations with a stopping criterion based on the information available in the residual vectors