Tilsyn av trafikkskoler

Temaet for denne oppgaven er tilsyn av trafikkskoler, med problemstillingen: ”Hvordan utføres tilsyn av undervisning i trafikalt grunnkurs, og hvordan kan dette påvirke opplæringen ved trafikkskolene?” Metodene brukt for å undersøke dette var en kombinasjon av kvalitative intervju, observasjon og dokumentstudier. Undersøkelsene viste at tilsynet kan påvirke trafikkskolene ved at en får en utenforståendes mening eller at undervisningen tilpasses etter hva trafikkskolene forventer at skal undersøkes. I tillegg kan tilsynet gjøre hverdagen enklere for nyutdannede som ønsker å bidra med sin kunnskap om refleksjon og veiledning. Det vil derfor ikke nødvendigvis være hensiktsmessig å la nyutdannede slippe tilsyn, hvilket til en viss grad praktiseres i dag

Resilience and professional quality of life in staff working with people with intellectual disabilities and offending behavior in community based and institutional settings

Staff in forensic services for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are expected to deal with a wide range of emotional challenges when providing care. The potential impact of this demanding work has not been systematically explored previously. This article explores the professional quality of life (QoL) and the resilience (hardiness) of the staff in this setting. The Professional QoL questionnaire and the Disposional Resilience Scale were completed by staff (n=85, 80% response rate) in the Norwegian forensic service for ID offenders. Responses from staff working in institutional settings were compared to those from staff in local community services. Staff in the local community services had higher resilience scores compared to the staff in the institutional setting, (t=2.19; P<0.05). However in the other QoL and resilience domains there were no differences between the staff in the two settings. The greater sense of resilient control among community staff may be a function of both the number of service users they work with and the institutional demands they face. Even though these participants worked with relatively high risk clients, they did not report significantly impaired quality of life compared to other occupations

Characteristic forced and spontaneous imbibition behavior in strongly water-wet sandstones based on experiments and simulation

Forced and spontaneous imbibition of water is performed to displace oil from strongly water-wet Gray Berea (~130 mD) and Bentheimer (~1900 mD) sandstone core plugs. Two nonpolar oils (n-heptane and Marcol-82) were used as a non-wetting phase, with viscosities between 0.4 and 32 cP and brine (1 M NaCl) for the wetting phase with viscosity 1.1 cP. Recovery was measured for both imbibition modes, and pressure drop was measured during forced imbibition. Five forced imbibition tests were performed using low or high injection rates, using low or high oil viscosity. Seventeen spontaneous imbibition experiments were performed at four different oil viscosities. By varying the oil viscosity, the injection rate and imbibition modes, capillary and advective forces were allowed to dominate, giving trends that could be captured with modeling. Full numerical simulations matched the experimental observations consistently. The findings of this study provide better understanding of pressure and recovery behavior in strongly water-wet systems. A strong positive capillary pressure and a favorable mobility ratio resulting from low water relative permeability were main features explaining the observations. Complete oil recovery was achieved at water breakthrough during forced imbibition for low and high oil viscosity and the recovery curves were identical when plotted against the injected volume. Analytical solutions for forced imbibition indicate that the pressure drop changes linearly with time when capillary pressure is negligible. Positive capillary forces assist water imbibition, reducing the pressure drop needed to inject water, but yielding a jump in pressure drop when the front reaches the outlet. At a high injection rate, capillary forces are repressed and the linear trend between the end points was clearer than at a low rate for the experimental data. Increasing the oil viscosity by a factor of 80 only increased the spontaneous imbibition time scale by five, consistent with low water mobility constraining the imbibition rate. The time scale was predicted to be more sensitive to changes in water viscosity. At a higher oil-to-water mobility ratio, a higher part of the total recovery follows the square root of time. Our findings indicate that piston-like displacement of oil by water is a reasonable approximation for forced and spontaneous imbibition, unless the oil has a much higher viscosity than the water.publishedVersio

The Voices of Young Sexual Offenders in Norway : A Qualitative Study

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Fagpersonells forståelse av økt registrert tvangsbruk overfor personer med utviklingshemming

Norwegian legislation concerning restraint measures in the care and treatment to people with intellectual disability (ID) has been established since 1999. This study examined the social workers’ explanations for the increased number of people with ID being legally restrained since 1999. This article discussed both staff and the supervisors perspectives of the increase. Although an increasingly number of people with ID are treated by restraint measures, respondents (n = 206) report that care services has evolved in a positive direction. The strong increase is explained by a higher ethical awareness and changes in legal rules along the way. When asked about the future development, most respondents expect a continuing growth in the number of people with ID treated with the use of restraint measures

A qualitative study of how people with severe mental illness experience living in sheltered housing with a private fully equipped apartment

BACKGROUND: There are a number of supported housing options for people with severe mental illness (SMI), but limited knowledge about residents’ experiences. The aim of this study was to explore how people with SMI experienced sheltered housing consisting of both a private fully equipped apartment and a shared accommodation room for socializing. METHODS: Fourteen people with SMI living in sheltered housing apartments participated in a qualitative study with semi-structured face to face individual or group interviews. RESULTS: Residents’ access to the service providers in the sheltered housing, who were seen as both “ordinary people” and skilled to observe symptom changes at an early stage, were major factors for the perception of security. In addition, residents highlighted the possibility of living in a fully equipped apartment, and having access to a shared accommodation room to connect with other residents. Having a fully equipped apartment including their own equipment such as a washing machine was said to help reduce conflicts. Short tenancy agreements made some informants feel insecure. It was also essential to have meaningful daily activities outside the residence to avoid re-hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: The positive experience was connected to having a fully private equipped apartment including shared accommodation room. The service providers should be aware of the dilemma with in-house support, to make residents feel secure versus increased dependency on service providers. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0888-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Functional abdominal complaints occurred frequently in living liver donors after donation

Background. Donor outcome after living donor liver transplantation has not been examined extensively with regard to postoperative abdominal complaints. We wanted to examine the extent and type of abdominal complaints after removal of a part of the liver and gallbladder in living donors as well as potential similarities with known disorders. Methods. Twelve patients of mixed ethnicity, nine men, aged 18-45 years, and three women, aged 32-46 years, were enrolled in the study during a 3-year period and followed up at 6 and 12 months. Patients filled out questionnaires pertaining to functional abdominal complaints (FAC) using a recognized questionnaire, Rome II, as well as specific abdominal pain symptoms known from gallstone disease. Results. FAC occurred in 11 patients at 6 months and nine patients at 12 months while abdominal pain occurred in seven and six patients, respectively. Three patients had FAC but no abdominal pain while two patients had no complaints at 12 months. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was found in the majority of patients. Conclusions. FAC and pain seemed to indicate a general postoperative disorder, of a psychosomatic character, and not connected with removal of part of the liver and gallbladder in particular. However, the occurrence of IBS and FD should merit attention, as they are known to impair quality of life.Fil: Søndenaa, Karl. University of Bergen; NoruegaFil: Gondolesi, Gabriel Eduardo. Fundación Favaloro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Roayaie, Sasan. No especifíca;Fil: Goldman, Jody S.. No especifíca;Fil: Hausken, Trygve. University of Bergen; NoruegaFil: Schwartz, Myron E.. No especifíca

Defendants with intellectual disability and autism spectrum conditions the perspective of clinicians working across three jurisdictions

The treatment of vulnerable defendants by criminal justice systems or correctional systems varies within and between countries. The purpose of this paper is to examine three legal jurisdictions – New South Wales in Australia; Norway; England and Wales – to understand the extent of variation in practice within the court systems for defendants with intellectual disabilities (ID) and/or autism spectrum conditions (ASC). Two of the jurisdictions had a process for screening in place, either in police custody or at court, but this was not universally implemented across each jurisdiction. All three jurisdictions had a process for supporting vulnerable defendants through the legal system. Across the three jurisdictions, there was variation in disposal options from a mandatory care setting to hospital treatment to a custodial sentence for serious offences. This variation requires further international exploration to ensure the rights of defendants with ID or ASC are understood and safeguarde

Minimising Restrictive Interventions for People with an Intellectual Disability: Documentary Analysis of Decisions to Reduce Coercion in Norway

A quantitative cross-sectional design was used to systematically examine data derived from the municipality’s coercive decision documents. The study included coercive decisions for people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) (n = 120) from central Norway over a period of one year (2020). The decisions were separated between not altered and altered to less intrusive types. The use of restraint measures can be relevant to prevent harm in some caring to people with IDs and severe behaviour problems. This article has reviewed municipalities’ coercive decisions, identifying the characteristics of cases in which coercive measures were altered to less intrusive practices. Less intrusive coercive measures were correlated to the service’s awareness of what triggers the challenging behaviour, that coercive decisions have an extended description of the person’s life situation, and the person’s opportunity to participate in formalised self-determination. The conclusion of this study shows higher user involvement, which has led to changes in the form of less intrusive measures for the person who is subjected to coercion