Effect of cassava starch biofilm with diffusion of silver nanoparticles on the conservation of banana \u27prata\u27

Brazil is now the world\u27s fourth-largest banana producer in the world with an annual production of 6.953,747 tons per year. In Brazil, the banana (Musa spp.) stands out, not only because it is the most widespread, but also because it is the most consumed by all social classes. Cassava is a renewable, almost unlimited resource and one of the most abundant substances in nature. It is one of the most important starchy root crops of the tropics used for food and industrial purposes. The present study aimed to evaluate the use of biofilms based on cassava starch with the diffusion of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on the conservation of banana \u27Prata\u27. Initially, filmogenic solutions were produced using the casting technique for five treatments. Additionally, transparency, thickness, grammage, and, subsequently, the biofilms were applied in the film-forming solution for 1 min and suspended for further drying at room temperature. After this process, were evaluated the fresh mass loss and total soluble solids. This study revealed the efficiency of cassava starch biofilm with gelatin addition to reduce the enzymatic browning rate and increase the shelf life of bananas (Musa Subgroup Prata). However, no significant results were observed with the addition of commercial silver nanoparticles

COMPLICAÇÕES DA DERIVAÇÃO VENTRÍCULO-PERITONEAL EM PACIENTES PEDIÁTRICOS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Introduction: Hydrocephalus is characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebral ventricular system, leading to increased intracranial pressure and dilatation of the ventricles. In children, it is manifested by irritability, accelerated growth of the head circumference, and signs of intracranial hypertension. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (PVD) is a common surgical technique for CSF drainage. Objective: To analyze the complications associated with PVD in pediatric patients, identifying risk factors, patterns of occurrence, and clinical outcomes, to improve care and clinical outcomes. Methodology: An integrative review was carried out in consultation with PubMed and SciELO. Descriptors such as "ventriculoperitoneal shunt," "complications," "hydrocephalus," "infection," and "malfunction" were used. Articles from the last five years, in Portuguese and English, addressing complications of PVD were included. Out-of-scope, full-text, and duplicate studies were excluded. A total of 11 articles were selected for analysis. Results: We included 11 articles that highlighted complications such as infections, device malfunctions, obstructions, and abdominal complications. Shunt infections occur in up to 15% of pediatric cases, often within the first 6 to 12 months postoperatively. Distal catheter malfunction is common and requires frequent surgical revisions. Rare complications include abdominal pseudocysts, distal catheter extrusion, and gram-negative bacterial infections, with high rates in the first few days after shunt insertion. Frequent revisions increase the risk of complications. Conclusions: PVD, although effective, has several complications that impact the quality of life of pediatric patients. Infections and system malfunctions are the most common complications. Multidisciplinary management and preventive strategies are essential to optimize clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients.Introducción: La hidrocefalia se caracteriza por la acumulación de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) en el sistema ventricular cerebral, lo que conduce a un aumento de la presión intracraneal y a la dilatación de los ventrículos. En los niños, se manifiesta por irritabilidad, crecimiento acelerado de la circunferencia cefálica y signos de hipertensión intracraneal. La derivación ventriculoperitoneal (PVD, por sus siglas en inglés) es una técnica quirúrgica común para el drenaje del LCR. Objetivo: Analizar las complicaciones asociadas a la EVP en pacientes pediátricos, identificando factores de riesgo, patrones de ocurrencia y resultados clínicos, para mejorar la atención y los resultados clínicos. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integradora en consulta con PubMed y SciELO. Se utilizaron descriptores como "derivación ventriculoperitoneal", "complicaciones", "hidrocefalia", "infección" y "disfunción". Se incluyeron artículos de los últimos cinco años, en portugués e inglés, que abordaron las complicaciones de la EVP. Se excluyeron los estudios fuera de alcance, de texto completo y duplicados. Se seleccionaron un total de 11 artículos para el análisis. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 artículos que destacaron complicaciones como infecciones, mal funcionamiento del dispositivo, obstrucciones y complicaciones abdominales. Las infecciones por derivación ocurren hasta en el 15% de los casos pediátricos, a menudo dentro de los primeros 6 a 12 meses después de la operación. El mal funcionamiento del catéter distal es común y requiere revisiones quirúrgicas frecuentes. Las complicaciones raras incluyen pseudoquistes abdominales, extrusión de catéter distal e infecciones bacterianas gramnegativas, con tasas altas en los primeros días después de la inserción de la derivación. Las revisiones frecuentes aumentan el riesgo de complicaciones. Conclusiones: La EVP, aunque efectiva, tiene varias complicaciones que impactan en la calidad de vida de los pacientes pediátricos. Las infecciones y el mal funcionamiento del sistema son las complicaciones más comunes. El manejo multidisciplinario y las estrategias preventivas son esenciales para optimizar los resultados clínicos y la calidad de vida de los pacientes.Introdução: A hidrocefalia é caracterizada pelo acúmulo de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) no sistema ventricular cerebral, levando ao aumento da pressão intracraniana e dilatação dos ventrículos. Em crianças, manifesta-se por irritabilidade, crescimento acelerado do perímetro cefálico e sinais de hipertensão intracraniana. A derivação ventrículo-peritoneal (DVP) é uma técnica cirúrgica comum para drenagem do LCR. Objetivo: Analisar as complicações associadas à DVP em pacientes pediátricos, identificando fatores de risco, padrões de ocorrência e desfechos clínicos, para melhorar os cuidados e resultados clínicos. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa consultando PubMed e SciELO. Utilizaram-se descritores como "ventriculoperitoneal shunt," "complications," "hydrocephalus," "infection," e "malfunction". Foram incluídos artigos dos últimos cinco anos, em português e inglês, abordando complicações da DVP. Excluíram-se estudos fora do escopo, não disponíveis em texto completo e duplicados. Selecionaram-se 11 artigos para análise. Resultados: Foram integrados 11 artigos que destacaram complicações como infecções, mau funcionamento do dispositivo, obstruções e complicações abdominais. Infecções de shunt ocorrem em até 15% dos casos pediátricos, frequentemente nos primeiros 6 a 12 meses pós-cirurgia. O mau funcionamento do cateter distal é comum e requer revisões cirúrgicas frequentes. Complicações raras incluem pseudocistos abdominais, extrusão distal do cateter e infecções bacterianas gram-negativas, com altas taxas nos primeiros dias após a inserção do shunt. Revisões frequentes aumentam o risco de complicações. Conclusões: A DVP, embora eficaz, apresenta várias complicações que impactam a qualidade de vida dos pacientes pediátricos. Infecções e mau funcionamento do sistema são as complicações mais comuns. A gestão multidisciplinar e estratégias preventivas são essenciais para otimizar os resultados clínicos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre Diagnóstico e Tratamento de Pacientes com Cardiomiopatia da Doença de Chagas

This guideline aimed to update the concepts and formulate the standards of conduct and scientific evidence that support them, regarding the diagnosis and treatment of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, with special emphasis on the rationality base that supported it.  Chagas disease in the 21st century maintains an epidemiological pattern of endemicity in 21 Latin American countries. Researchers and managers from endemic and non-endemic countries point to the need to adopt comprehensive public health policies to effectively control the interhuman transmission of T. cruzi infection, and to obtain an optimized level of care for already infected individuals, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic opportunistic opportunities.   Pathogenic and pathophysiological mechanisms of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease were revisited after in-depth updating and the notion that necrosis and fibrosis are stimulated by tissue parasitic persistence and adverse immune reaction, as fundamental mechanisms, assisted by autonomic and microvascular disorders, was well established. Some of them have recently formed potential targets of therapies.  The natural history of the acute and chronic phases was reviewed, with enhancement for oral transmission, indeterminate form and chronic syndromes. Recent meta-analyses of observational studies have estimated the risk of evolution from acute and indeterminate forms and mortality after chronic cardiomyopathy. Therapeutic approaches applicable to individuals with Indeterminate form of Chagas disease were specifically addressed. All methods to detect structural and/or functional alterations with various cardiac imaging techniques were also reviewed, with recommendations for use in various clinical scenarios. Mortality risk stratification based on the Rassi score, with recent studies of its application, was complemented by methods that detect myocardial fibrosis.  The current methodology for etiological diagnosis and the consequent implications of trypanonomic treatment deserved a comprehensive and in-depth approach. Also the treatment of patients at risk or with heart failure, arrhythmias and thromboembolic events, based on pharmacological and complementary resources, received special attention. Additional chapters supported the conducts applicable to several special contexts, including t. cruzi/HIV co-infection, risk during surgeries, in pregnant women, in the reactivation of infection after heart transplantation, and others.     Finally, two chapters of great social significance, addressing the structuring of specialized services to care for individuals with the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, and reviewing the concepts of severe heart disease and its medical-labor implications completed this guideline.Esta diretriz teve como objetivo principal atualizar os conceitos e formular as normas de conduta e evidências científicas que as suportam, quanto ao diagnóstico e tratamento da CDC, com especial ênfase na base de racionalidade que a embasou. A DC no século XXI mantém padrão epidemiológico de endemicidade em 21 países da América Latina. Investigadores e gestores de países endêmicos e não endêmicos indigitam a necessidade de se adotarem políticas abrangentes, de saúde pública, para controle eficaz da transmissão inter-humanos da infecção pelo T. cruzi, e obter-se nível otimizado de atendimento aos indivíduos já infectados, com foco em oportunização diagnóstica e terapêutica. Mecanismos patogênicos e fisiopatológicos da CDC foram revisitados após atualização aprofundada e ficou bem consolidada a noção de que necrose e fibrose sejam estimuladas pela persistência parasitária tissular e reação imune adversa, como mecanismos fundamentais, coadjuvados por distúrbios autonômicos e microvasculares. Alguns deles recentemente constituíram alvos potenciais de terapêuticas. A história natural das fases aguda e crônica foi revista, com realce para a transmissão oral, a forma indeterminada e as síndromes crônicas. Metanálises recentes de estudos observacionais estimaram o risco de evolução a partir das formas aguda e indeterminada e de mortalidade após instalação da cardiomiopatia crônica. Condutas terapêuticas aplicáveis aos indivíduos com a FIDC foram abordadas especificamente. Todos os métodos para detectar alterações estruturais e/ou funcionais com variadas técnicas de imageamento cardíaco também foram revisados, com recomendações de uso nos vários cenários clínicos. Estratificação de risco de mortalidade fundamentada no escore de Rassi, com estudos recentes de sua aplicação, foi complementada por métodos que detectam fibrose miocárdica. A metodologia atual para diagnóstico etiológico e as consequentes implicações do tratamento tripanossomicida mereceram enfoque abrangente e aprofundado. Também o tratamento de pacientes em risco ou com insuficiência cardíaca, arritmias e eventos tromboembólicos, baseado em recursos farmacológicos e complementares, recebeu especial atenção. Capítulos suplementares subsidiaram as condutas aplicáveis a diversos contextos especiais, entre eles o da co-infecção por T. cruzi/HIV, risco durante cirurgias, em grávidas, na reativação da infecção após transplante cardíacos, e outros.    Por fim, dois capítulos de grande significado social, abordando a estruturação de serviços especializados para atendimento aos indivíduos com a CDC, e revisando os conceitos de cardiopatia grave e suas implicações médico-trabalhistas completaram esta diretriz.&nbsp

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Tannin-rich Tree Bark Extracts Inhibit the Development of Bacteria Associated with Bovine Mastitis

Condensed tannins were quantified in the barks of selected tree species, and the antibacterial activity of these substances against clinical and subclinical isolates of bovine mastitis were evaluated. Tree barks from Mimosa tenuiflora, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Anacardium occidentale, and Stryphnodendron adstringens were used, as well as commercial tannin from Acacia mearnsii. The tannins were extracted using a mixture of ethyl alcohol and acetone. The moisture content (MC), Stiasny index (SI), total solids content (TSC), and condensed tannins (CT) were measured. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity was determined by applying the disk diffusion test. The species that showed the highest CT were M. tenuiflora and A. occidentale, with 37.3% and 37.3%, respectively. The highest SI were obtained by the species A. occidentale and M. caesalpiniifolia, with values above 90%. The bacterium with the lowest resistance to the use of tannins was Streptococcus uberis. A. mearnsii was the only one capable of inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli, with a mean inhibition halo of 9 mm. All species under study showed high values of condensed tannins in their barks. In addition to showing good performance as antimicrobial agents, these tannins indicated potential applications in the development of natural medicines for the treatment of bovine mastitis