21 research outputs found

    New rodent subfossil species from the North-West of Madagascar

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    International audienceSince the mid-19th century, the Malagasy subfossil macrofauna has been the object of numerous studies and publications, contrary to the microfauna. New fieldwork, initiated in 2001, in the North West of Madagascar (Province of Mahajanga) led to the discovery of sites rich in fossiliferous breccias, containing micromammals. In this article, we describe two new subfossil species of rodent: Brachytarsomys mahajambaensis, the smallest within the genus and Nesomys narindaensis, the largest within the genus. Most of the extant species of these two genera live in the tropical rainforests of the eastern and north-eastern areas of Madagascar, far away from the north-western part of the island where a dry deciduous forest occurs. The presence of the two taxa in the subfossil record in the Northwest of the country suggests the occurrence of wetter conditions in the past in this regio

    Mylomygale (Macroscelidea, Macroscelididae) from the Pliocene of South Africa

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    International audienceThe palaeokarst system of Bolt’s Farm, Gauteng Province, South Africa, is endowed with numerous fossiliferous Plio-Pleistocene deposits. Among them, the mid-Pliocene locus of BPA (Brad Pit A) has yielded a hypsodont upper molar which exhibits a rodent-like wear pattern, but is not a rodent. In several aspects, it recalls macroscelidids and could fit in occlusal morphology with the lower teeth of Mylomygale spiersi, described on the basisof a mandible from Norlim Cave close to the Taung Limeworks, which yielded the holotype of Australopithecus africanus. This upper molar could be attributed to Mylomygale, a taxon represented by only three specimens. The hypsodonty of the molar and the wear pattern suggest that, at Bolt’s Farm, Mylomygale was feeding on tough food and that some herbaceous patches might have occurred in the environment. Moreover our scans reveal that the holotype of Mylomygale possessed an m/3, previously unrecognized

    Les plus anciennes traces d'activités anthropiques de Madagascar sur des ossements d'hippopotames subfossiles d'Anjohibe (Province de Mahajanga). Oldest evidence of human activities in Madagascar on subfossil hippopotamus bones from Anjohibe (Mahajanga Province)

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    International audienceLa colonisation de Madagascar par l'homme reste un important débat scientifique. Les plus anciens témoignages étaient datés de quelques siÚcles, avant ou aprÚs notre Úre, pour des gisements situés dans le Sud-Ouest de Madagascar. Les découvertes d'Anjohibe, plus vieilles d'environ 1500 ans, montrent une colonisation ancienne du Nord-Ouest de l'ßle. Cette région est plus proche que les sites du Sud-Ouest des deux points d'accostage possibles pour les trajets les plus courts en provenance d'Afrique ou d'Asie. Il ne s'agit pas d'objets archéologiques classiques, mais de traces de découpe pratiquées sur des os d'hippopotames nains subfossiles. Ces observations montrent qu'il y a eu une cohabitation entre l'homme et les faunes éteintes subfossiles, qui a duré beaucoup plus longtemps qu'envisagé jusqu'à présent

    First in situ middle Pliocene cercopithecoid fossils from the Palaeokarst System of Bolt's Farm (South Africa)

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    International audienceImportant collections of Plio-Pleistocene cercopithecoid remains has have been discovered in South African karstic sites but few are older than the Late Pliocene. The fossiliferous Palaeokarst System of Bolt’s Farm in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site of UNESCO is known to have yielded a few remarkable remains of cercopithecoids, mainly between 1936 and 1948. The excavation done in Brad Pit B (BPB) which was discovered in 2010, led to the in situ discovery of some fossils in karst-fill breccia correlated faunally to the Middle Pliocene. The cercopithecoids are represented by Parapapio broomi Jones, 1937, and Cercopithecoides cf. williamsi Mollett, 1947. At BPB, we have potentially the oldest known co-occurrence of these two taxa in Southern Africa, the second oldest being at Sterkfontein-Member 2. The currently available evidence suggests dispersal of these two genera from East Africa to Southern Africa, a hypothesis generally accepted by most authors, even though the period of dispersal is now considered to be somewhat earlier than previously thought. Whereas the Early Pliocene environment in the Cradle of Humankind seems to have been drier than that of today, it was probably more humid during the Middle Pliocene which would have allowed the dispersal of these two taxa

    Bolt's Farm : du terrain au musée

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    International audienceLe rĂ©seau karstique de Bolt's Farm, en Afrique du Sud, prĂ©sente une trentaine de remplissages du PlioPlĂ©istocĂšne et est classĂ© au titre de patrimoine mondial de l'humanitĂ© par l'UNESCO depuis 1999, comme d'autres sites du Cradle of Humankind (Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai ,... ). Lors du colloque de l'APF Ă  Dijon, en 2017, nous avons prĂ©sentĂ© les premiers rĂ©sultats concernant Bolt's Fam. Depuis, les recherches menĂ©es au sein d'un IRL par des chercheurs français et sud-africains ont progressĂ© en se focalisant su certains loci conduisant Ă  la dĂ©couverte de nouveaux restes de primates, de suidĂ©s, de grands fĂ©lins et d'autres taxons.A partir de 1936, avec les premiĂšres recherches par R. Broom, diffĂ©rents sites du Cradle of Humankind ont livrĂ© une faune assez riche mais pou des sĂ©quences chronologiques courtes, ce qui permettait des comparaisons assez restreintes avec l'Afrique de l'Est. Bolt's Farm prĂ©sente la plus longue sĂ©quence chronologique pour cette rĂ©gion, du PliocĂšne infĂ©rieur Ă  la limite entre le PlĂ©istocĂšne infĂ©rieur et le PlĂ©istocĂšne moyen, mĂȘme si elle reste discontinue. Ces dĂ©couvertes permettent Ă©galement d'avoir une idĂ©e plus prĂ©cisede la palĂ©obiodiversitĂ© et des palĂ©oenvironnements de cette rĂ©gion australe de l'Afrique oĂč ont existĂ© diffĂ©rents types d'hominidĂ©s anciens.Pour faire Ă©merger de nouvelles vocations en palĂ©ontologie et en gĂ©ologie au sein de la jeunesse sud-africaine, les membres de ce projet sud-africain ont mis en place, au Ditsong National Museum of Natural History de PrĂ©toria, une exposition s'intitulant "The fossil world of Bolt's Farm. From field to exhibition"
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