58 research outputs found

    La recherche participative et l’écocitoyennetĂ©

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    Les mouvements sociaux sont au coeur des enjeux de l’écocitoyennetĂ©. Notre dĂ©marche conceptuelle propose de complĂ©ter la dimension politique de l’action collective avec l’analyse d’une autre dimension constitutive de l’action collective des mouvements sociaux, soit celle de la culture. Les dimensions retenues ne couvrent pas nĂ©cessairement l’ensemble des Ă©lĂ©ments Ă  la base de l’action collective. Cependant, elles permettent d’approfondir notre comprĂ©hension des enjeux de l’écocitoyennetĂ©. De plus, nous affirmons que la recherche participative est l’une des mĂ©thodes les plus prometteuses pour explorer ces dimensions de l’action collective et ainsi mieux analyser les dynamiques au sein des enjeux de l’écocitoyennetĂ©. En effet, la pertinence d’une telle approche apparaĂźtra (ou non) alors qu’émergent les problĂ©matiques et les enjeux de l’écocitoyennetĂ©.Social movements are at the heart of ecocitizenship issues. Collective action is therefore characterized by many facets and we explore two important ones, the political and cultural dimensions. These two dimensions do not necessarily reflect all aspects that constitute collective action. However, they do permit us to better understand ecocitizenship issues. We also propose that participatory research is one of the most promising methodologies available in order to explore these constitutive dimensions of collective action and therefore to better analyze the dynamics within ecocitizenship issues. Thus, the pertinence of this approach will be ascertained (or not) as problems and issues of ecocitizenship emerge

    Citoyenneté et identité nationale au Brésil : une remise en question du mythe de la démocratie raciale

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    Cette recherche est une Ă©tude de cas qui cherche Ă  comprendre le rĂŽle des mythes nationaux dans la dĂ©finition du nationalisme brĂ©silien dans la pĂ©riode allant de l'Ă©lection du prĂ©sident Fernando Henrique Cardoso, en 1994, Ă  la fin du premier mandat de Luis InĂĄcio Lula da Silva en 2006. En partant de concepts thĂ©oriques tels les droits juridiques, la citoyennetĂ©, le nationalisme et l'identitĂ© nationale, entre autres, ce travail cherche Ă  analyser l'expĂ©rience brĂ©silienne. Par le biais d'une recherche bibliographique multidisciplinaire, cette recherche analyse la citoyennetĂ© brĂ©silienne afin de dĂ©montrer comment les transformations produites au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies ont transformĂ© un des mythes fondateurs du nationalisme brĂ©silien, le mythe de la dĂ©mocratie raciale. L'hypothĂšse de ce mĂ©moire suppose que durant le dĂ©veloppement de l'espace citoyen dans les annĂ©es 1980-1990, les acteurs au BrĂ©sil forgĂšrent un nouveau lien d'attachement Ă  la nation et Ă  son identitĂ©, tous deux en pleine transformation. L'analyse trouve que l'articulation d'une nouvelle citoyennetĂ© qui reconnait l'identitĂ© des acteurs a mis en doute le mythe de la dĂ©mocratie raciale sur lequel l'identitĂ© du pays s'appuie. Plus encore, la citoyennetĂ© brĂ©silienne a avancĂ© au point d'ĂȘtre plus ouverte Ă  des discussions plus profondes ayant un lien avec la participation Ă  l'espace national et ont pu mettre de la pression sur le mythe de la dĂ©mocratie raciale. Bien que le mythe n'existe plus comme idĂ©ologie officielle de l'État, elle existe encore sous une forme de « gros bon sens » dans l'esprit de la population, malgrĂ© le dĂ©veloppement du pluralisme au BrĂ©sil. Cela a mis les reprĂ©sentations nationales au grand jour : comment rĂ©concilier pluralisme malgrĂ© un retour du nationalisme brĂ©silien? Le pluralisme social fait qu'il est difficile de dĂ©finir l'identitĂ© nationale du BrĂ©sil prĂ©cisĂ©ment, puisqu'il n'y a pas un seul BrĂ©sil, mais plusieurs. \ud ______________________________________________________________________________ \ud MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : BrĂ©sil, dĂ©mocratie raciale, droits, citoyennetĂ©, identitĂ© national

    A lower bound for the two-variable Artin conjecture and prime divisors of recurrence sequences

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    The final publication is available at Elsevier via https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnt.2018.06.017 © 2019. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/In 1927, Artin conjectured that any integer other than −1 or a perfect square generates the multiplicative group (Z/pZ)× for infinitely many p. In 2000, Moree and Stevenhagen considered a two-variable version of this problem, and proved a positive density result conditionally to the generalized Riemann Hypothesis by adapting a proof by Hooley for the original conjecture. In this article, we prove an unconditional lower bound for this two-variable problem. In particular, we prove an estimate for the number of distinct primes which divide one of the first N terms of a non-degenerate binary recurrence sequence. We also prove a weaker version of the same theorem, and give three proofs that we consider to be of independent interest. The first proof uses a transcendence result of Stewart, the second uses a theorem of Bombieri and Schmidt on Thue equations and the third uses Mumford's gap principle for counting points on curves by their height. We finally prove a disjunction theorem, where we consider the set of primes satisfying either our two-variable condition or the original condition of Artin's conjecture. We give an unconditional lower bound for the number of such primes.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaFonds de Recherche du QuĂ©bec - Nature et TechnologiesCanada Research Chair

    Minecraft¼ à la carte. Le nouveau service de l’IGN qui allie jeu et cartographie 3D

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    Contexte Vendu Ă  plus de 100 millions d’exemplaires, le jeu vidĂ©o Minecraft, lancĂ© en 2011 par la sociĂ©tĂ© Mojang, a conquis un large public jeune (10-30 ans) et a suscitĂ© un vif intĂ©rĂȘt du monde de l’éducation et de l’enseignement dans de nombreux pays. Ce « lego virtuel du 21e siĂšcle », permettant notamment de construire, en ligne et Ă  plusieurs, des « mondes » ou « cartes », ne pouvait qu’éveiller l’attention des instituts cartographiques, par exemple avec des expĂ©riences chez Kort & Matrik..

    Staphylococcus aureus sigma B-dependent emergence of small-colony variants and biofilm production following exposure to Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline-N-oxide

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Staphylococcus aureus </it>and <it>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </it>are often found together in the airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. It was previously shown that the <it>P. aeruginosa </it>exoproduct 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline-<it>N-</it>oxide (HQNO) suppresses the growth of <it>S. aureus </it>and provokes the emergence of small-colony variants (SCVs). The presence of <it>S. aureus </it>SCVs as well as biofilms have both been associated with chronic infections in CF.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We demonstrated that HQNO stimulates <it>S. aureus </it>to form a biofilm in association with the formation of SCVs. The emergence of SCVs and biofilm production under HQNO exposure was shown to be dependent on the activity of the stress- and colonization-related alternative sigma factor B (SigB). Analysis of gene expression revealed that exposure of a prototypical <it>S. aureus </it>strain to HQNO activates SigB, which was leading to an increase in the expression of the fibronectin-binding protein A and the biofilm-associated <it>sarA </it>genes. Conversely, the quorum sensing accessory gene regulator (<it>agr</it>) system and the α-hemolysin gene were repressed by HQNO. Experiments using culture supernatants from <it>P. aeruginosa </it>PAO1 and a double chamber co-culture model confirmed that <it>P. aeruginosa </it>stimulates biofilm formation and activates SigB in a <it>S. aureus </it>strain isolated from a CF patient. Furthermore, the supernatant from <it>P. aeruginosa </it>mutants unable to produce HQNO induced the production of biofilms by <it>S. aureus </it>to a lesser extent than the wild-type strain only in a <it>S. aureus </it>SigB-functional background.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggest that <it>S. aureus </it>responds to HQNO from <it>P. aeruginosa </it>by forming SCVs and biofilms through SigB activation, a phenomenon that may contribute to the establishment of chronic infections in CF patients.</p

    3D Cohort Study : The Integrated Research Network in Perinatology of Quebec and Eastern Ontario

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    Background: The 3D Cohort Study (Design, Develop, Discover) was established to help bridge knowledge gaps about the links between various adverse exposures during pregnancy with birth outcomes and later health outcomes in children. Methods: Pregnant women and their partners were recruited during the first trimester from nine sites in Quebec and followed along with their children through to 2 years of age. Questionnaires were administered during pregnancy and post-delivery to collect information on demographics, mental health and life style, medical history, psychosocial measures, diet, infant growth, and neurodevelopment. Information on the delivery and newborn outcomes were abstracted from medical charts. Biological specimens were collected from mothers during each trimester, fathers (once during the pregnancy), and infants (at delivery and 2 years of age) for storage in a biological specimen bank. Results: Of the 9864 women screened, 6348 met the eligibility criteria and 2366 women participated in the study (37% of eligible women). Among women in the 3D cohort, 1721 of their partners (1704 biological fathers) agreed to participate (73%). Two thousand two hundred and nineteen participants had a live singleton birth (94%). Prenatal blood and urine samples as well as vaginal secretions were collected for ≄98% of participants, cord blood for 81% of livebirths, and placental tissue for 89% of livebirths. Conclusions: The 3D Cohort Study combines a rich bank of multiple biological specimens with extensive clinical, life style, and psychosocial data. This data set is a valuable resource for studying the developmental etiology of birth and early childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes

    Large-scale unit commitment under uncertainty: an updated literature survey

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    The Unit Commitment problem in energy management aims at finding the optimal production schedule of a set of generation units, while meeting various system-wide constraints. It has always been a large-scale, non-convex, difficult problem, especially in view of the fact that, due to operational requirements, it has to be solved in an unreasonably small time for its size. Recently, growing renewable energy shares have strongly increased the level of uncertainty in the system, making the (ideal) Unit Commitment model a large-scale, non-convex and uncertain (stochastic, robust, chance-constrained) program. We provide a survey of the literature on methods for the Uncertain Unit Commitment problem, in all its variants. We start with a review of the main contributions on solution methods for the deterministic versions of the problem, focussing on those based on mathematical programming techniques that are more relevant for the uncertain versions of the problem. We then present and categorize the approaches to the latter, while providing entry points to the relevant literature on optimization under uncertainty. This is an updated version of the paper "Large-scale Unit Commitment under uncertainty: a literature survey" that appeared in 4OR 13(2), 115--171 (2015); this version has over 170 more citations, most of which appeared in the last three years, proving how fast the literature on uncertain Unit Commitment evolves, and therefore the interest in this subject

    BibliothĂšque publique et faible lectorat

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    Un certain pourcentage de QuĂ©bĂ©cois (43 %) Ă©prouvent, Ă  des degrĂ©s divers, des difficultĂ©s de lecture. L’auteur, qui fut membre du ComitĂ© sur l’alphabĂ©tisation de la BibliothĂšque municipale de MontrĂ©al de fĂ©vrier 1990 Ă  fĂ©vrier 1991, explique la nĂ©cessitĂ© pour la bibliothĂšque publique de dĂ©velopper des services adaptĂ©s aux besoins des faibles et trĂšs faibles lecteurs. AprĂšs avoir dĂ©montrĂ© que la tendance Ă  la non-lecture trouve son ancrage dans les conditions socio-Ă©conomiques, l’auteur traite des diffĂ©rents moyens qui peuvent ĂȘtre mis en oeuvre pour inciter les faibles lecteurs Ă  mieux utiliser les services de la bibliothĂšque publique, et dĂ©finit alors le nouveau rĂŽle exigĂ© des bibliothĂ©caires en poste.A percentage of QuĂ©becers (43 %) have varying degrees of difficulty in reading. The author, a former member of the ComitĂ© sur l'alphabĂ©tisation of the BibliothĂšque municipale de MontrĂ©al from February 1990 to February 1991, lists the reasons why the public library must develop services tailored to meet the needs of infrequent and very infrequent readers. After demonstrating that non-reading is an outcome of socio-economic conditions, the author outlines ways to convince infrequent readers to better use the services of the public library, thus defining the emerging role of the librarian.Un cierto procentaje de Quebequenses (43 %) experimentan, en diversos grados, algunas dificultades de lectura. El autor, que fue miembro del ComitĂ© sobre la alfabetizaciĂłn de la Biblioteca municipal de Montreal de febrero de 1990 hasta febrero de 1991, explica la necesidad para la biblioteca pĂșblica de desarrollar algunos servicios adaptados a las necesidades de las personas con dificultades de lectura. DespuĂ©s de haber demostrado que la tendencia a la no-lectura se debe principalmente a las condiciones socio-econĂłmicas, el autor trata de los diferentes medios que pueden ser utilizados para incitar a los lectores con dificultades a utilizar mejor los servicios de la biblioteca pĂșblica, y define entonces el nuevo papel que se exige a los bibliotecarios que ya ocupan un puesto
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