Institutional context of hotel social responsibility in the euro-region: a factorial análisis

[Abstract]The institutional context in the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is investigated in this paper. The objects of the investigation are three, four and fivestar hotels located in the Euro-region of Galicia and Northern Portugal. The theoretical framework used in this investigation is Institutional Theory, which is based on three main pillars; institutional coercive, normative and cognitive (Scott, 1995). We aim to discover which of the three institutional pressures proposed by Deephouse (1996) puts more pressure on this environment. A quantitative study was carried out in which a questionnaire was used for data collection to achieve the proposed objective. This questionnaire was developed based on previously validated scales (Deephouse, 1996; Fernández, 2001; Kostova and Roth, 2002; Vargas- Sánchez and Riquel-Ligero, 2012; Gallardo, et al 2013; Llamas-Sánchez, et al 2013). The methodology applied to the variables proposed in our model was the factorial analysis by Varimax rotation in order to verify the weight that each one of the pressures carries. Once the one dimensional tests were carried out, we obtained the different factors that constitute our proposed research model. As a result we could reduce the information contained in a set of variables initially raised with minimal loss of information. As the main result of this research, coercive pressure and regulatory pressure are the main pressures influencing the institutional context of the Euro-region of our object of study[Resumen] Contexto institucional de la responsabilidad social hotelera en la Eurorregión: un análisis factorial. En este trabajo estudiamos el contexto institucional en el ámbito de la responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC). Nuestro objeto de estudio son los hoteles de tres, cuatro y cinco estrellas ubicados en la Eurorregión Galicia y Norte de Portugal. El marco teórico en que nos apoyamos es la Teoría Institucional, la cual tiene su base en los tres principales pilares institucionales coercitivo, normativo y cognitivo (Scott, 1995). En esta investigación pretendemos averiguar cual de las tres presiones institucionales propuestas por Deephouse (1996) ejerce mayor presión en este entorno. Para alcanzar el objetivo propuesto fue desarrollado un estudio cuantitativo en el que se utilizó un cuestionario para la recogida de datos. Este cuestionario se elaboró en base a la configuración de diferentes escalas ya validadas previamente (Deephouse, 1996; Fernández, 2001; Kostova y Roth, 2002; Vargas-Sánchez y Riquel-Ligero, 2012; Gallardo, et al 2013; Llamas-Sánchez, et al 2013). Con el fin de verificar el peso que ejerce cada una de las presiones aplicamos la metodología de Análisis Factorial por rotación Varimax a las variables propuestas en nuestro modelo. Tras la aplicación de las pruebas de unidimensionalidad de escala obtuvimos los diferentes factores que constituyen nuestro modelo de investigación propuesto. Con todo ello conseguimos reducir la información contenida en un conjunto de variables menor al planteado inicialmente, con la mínima pérdida de información. Como principal resultado de esta investigación sobresale que la presión coercitiva y la presión normativa son las presiones que más influyen en el contexto institucional de la Eurorregión de nuestro objeto de estudio

A responsabilidade social corporativa no marco da teoría institucional

O objetivo deste trabalho corresponde a um enquadramento teórico ao analisar e correlacionar os fundamentos teóricos da teoria institucional e responsabilidade social corporativa (RSC), baseando-se na literatura académica relacionada. Aborda diversos conceitos, nomeadamente as principais características da RSC e do comportamento socialmente responsável pela adoção de práticas de RSC. A partir dessas relações foram estabelecidas as primeiras proposições a partir das quais a pesquisa se pode desenvolver. A base fundamental para a ligação de práticas de RSC e teoria institucional é através da legitimidade. A teoria institucional baseia-se em três pilares, os quais têm ênfases diferentes que levam a implicações diferentes. Existem diferentes tipos e fontes de legitimidade identificadas por vários autores que têm suas próprias características, para as quais as as empresas podem adotar diversas estratégias, e que se identificam com três mecanismos distintos de acordo com a literatura da teoria institucional. Este artigo apresenta uma nova orientação para tomada de decisões estratégicas quanto à legitimidade e à adopção de um comportamento socialmente responsável das empresas.O obxecto deste traballo corresponde ao marco teórico, analizando e relacionando os fundamentos teóricos da teoría institucional e a Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC) apoiándose na literatura académica. Analízanse diversos conceptos, as principais características da RSC e o comportamento socialmente responsable pola adopción de prácticas de responsabilidade social. A partir destas relacións establecéronse as primeiras proposicións cara a onde se pode derivar a investigación. A base fundamental da vinculación das prácticas de RSC e a teoría institucional é a través da lexitimidade. A teoría institucional fundaméntase en tres alicerces esenciais, nos cales se dispón unha énfase diferente e deriva en distintas implicacións. Existen diversos tipos e fontes de lexitimidade identificadas por varios autores que presentan características propias, segundo os cales as empresas poden adoptar diversas estratexias, desvelando tres mecanismos baseados na literatura institucional. Este traballo presenta unha orientación nova cara á toma de decisións estratéxicas en relación coa lexitimidade e a adopción de comportamentos socialmente responsables por parte das empresas. PalabrasThe objective of this paper corresponds to the construction of a theoretical framework by analysing and relating the theoretical basics of institutional theory and Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) and basing its arguments on related academic literature. Various concepts are analyzed, namely the main features of CSR and socially responsible behavior through the adoption of socially responsible practices. These relationships have established the first propositions which research can look into. The fundamental basis of the link between CSR practices and institutional theory is through legitimacy. Institutional theory is based on three essential pillars, which have a different emphasis and lead to different implications. There are various types and sources of legitimacy identified by various authors that have their own characteristics for which companies can adopt various strategies, identifying three institutional literature-based mechanisms. This paper presents innovative orientation in strategic decision-making in relation to legitimacy and the adoption of socially responsible behavior by firms

Recruitment and Active Job Search 2.0: The Facebook Social Phenomenon

[Resumo] As redes sociais están a transformar a maneira tradicional de buscar, leccionar e xestionar as persoas. Os cambios, constantes, están a obrigar os responsables de recursos humanos (RR. HH.) a se renovaren e mudaren tamén a súa mentalidade e a forma de desenvolveren o seu traballo. Os departamentos de xestión de persoas están a adaptarse ás novas necesidades e esixencias, integrando as redes sociais dentro das súas políticas co fin de atraeren e captaren o mellor talento.O que se pretende plasmar neste artigo é a importancia que están a adquirir as redes sociais no ámbito dos RR. HH. Analizaremos o uso destas ferramentas desde dous puntos de vista:dunha parte, o dos expertos de RR. HH., que cada vez utilizan con maior frecuencia as redes sociais nos seus procesos de recrutamento, tanto para publicaren ofertas de emprego como para obteren máis información sobre os candidatos; e, da outra, o dos candidatos, que están a modificar as súas tendencias para procuraren prego[Abstract] Social networks are transforming the traditional way of searching, selecting, and managing people. These constant changes are forcing responsible for human resources to renew, change their mindset and the way they develop their work. People management departments are adapting to changing needs and demands, integrating social networks within their policies in order to attract and recruit the best talent.This paper is intended to reflect the importance social networks are acquiring in the field of Human Resources. We will analyze the use of these tools from two points of view. On the one hand, from the viewpoint of the experts of Human Resources, who increasingly use social networks more frequently in their recruitment processes, both to post their jobs and to obtain more information about the candidate. And on the other hand, from the point of view of candidates, who are changing their trends to look for jobs

Motivaciones que influyen en la implementación de prácticas responsables en las cadenas hoteleras

Ponencia presentada al XVI Seminario Hispano-Luso de Economía empresarial (CIBECEM)El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las razones y motivaciones que influyen en el nivel de desarrollo de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) en las cadenas hoteleras españolas. El modelo de Carroll (1979, 1991, 1999) ha sido utilizado en la literatura científica en numerosas investigaciones (Wartick y Cochran, 1985; Wood, 1991; Swanson, 1995; Burton y Hegarty, 1999; Maignan, 2001; Maignan y Ferrell, 2003; García de los Salmones, 2005; Pérez, 2008) y dentro del grupo de teorías éticas lo validaremos empíricamente. Para lograr los objetivos mencionados llevamos a cabo un estudio cuantitativo en el que aplicamos al modelo de investigación propuesto la técnica Partial Least Square (PLS), metodología basada en Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM).The aim of this study is to analyze the reasons and motivations that influence the level of development of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Spanish hotel chains. Carroll’s model (1979, 1991, 1999) has been used in the literature in numerous occasions (Wartick and Cochran, 1985, Wood, 1991, Swanson, 1995, Burton and Hegarty, 1999; Maignan, 2001; Maignan and Ferrell, 2003; Garcia Salmon, 2005; Pérez, 2008) and, within the group of ethical theories, this paper is intended to empirically validate it. To achieve these objectives we have conducted a quantitative study in which we apply the our proposed research model the Partial Least Square (PLS) technique, based on the Structural Equation Models (SEM) methodology

The Consolidation Stage of the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) Model: The Case of Ibiza from 1977 to 2000

[Abstract] Ibiza is an island in the Western Mediterranean internationally known as a sun and beach tourist destination, and it is notable for its nightclubs. This fact is the result of a century of tourist history that began in the first third of the 20th century and reached its maximum data at the end of that century and the beginning of the 21st century. Using the tourism area life cycle (TALC) model as a reference, it is possible to affirm that Ibiza has already gone through most of the stages proposed by the TALC. The objective of this work is to undertake a historical approach to the events and context that this island experienced during the period that could be considered to be a consolidation stage (1977 to 2000), which is still little analyzed. During this period, demand growth continued, although at a slower pace than in the previous stages, and suffered the first major crisis. The regional administration had to face the errors of the previous decades with various legal actions as follows: the limitation of the accommodation supply, which was already oversized by that stage; the environmental protection of spaces that had not yet been affected by urban development; the modernization of the offerings, much of them being obsolete and degraded; and the diversification of the issuing markets, which had until then been focused on Germany and the United Kingdom. The economic crisis of the early 1990s was a turning point for the tourism sector, both in terms of administrations and companies, and quantitative growth was replaced by qualitative growth in the following years. Starting in 2000, tourism in Ibiza entered a new phase characterized by the modernization of the offerings and the stagnation of data

Tangible and Intangible Heritage of Ibiza (Spain) and Its Potential to Be Valued as a Tourist Offer

[Abstract] Ibiza is internationally known for its beaches and coves, but especially for its nightlife. In addition, at the beginning of the 21st century, there was an increase in luxury tourism. However, other types of tourism have a testimonial or null presence, although the administrations make efforts to promote them. This article describes the main assets that make up the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of Ibiza, its singularities, and the successes and errors in its management, using the case study methodology. The island’s heritage is made up of monuments, some of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites and others of great originality and archaism, rural settings, and elements of the local culture. Specifically, the cultural heritage of Ibiza can be divided into the following four assets: the old city of Ibiza; the rural architecture; the cultural landscapes; and the traditional folklore. The restoration of some assets such as the walls or the rural churches are successes in management, and the administrative obstacles to the owners of the preserved assets are considered errors. In conclusion, it should be noted that cultural heritage is not sufficiently well preserved and is a tourist offer that has not been adequately promoted

From Counterculture to Intangible Heritage and Tourism Supply: Artistic Expressions in Ibiza, Spain

[Abstract] Until the beginning of the 20th century, Ibiza was rural, developmentally lagging, and separate from the modern world. These characteristics made it attractive as a refuge for European intellectuals and artists as soon as communications with the outside world began to develop. The first significant presence of artists occurred in the 1930s, just before the Spanish Civil War. After years of war and isolation, artists returned in a larger volume and variety than before. Other regions also had artistic and countercultural communities, but Ibiza decided to use them as an element of its tourist promotions, making the hippie movement a part of its culture and history and the most internationally known element. The objective of this paper is to expose the importance of art and artists, a direct inheritance of that time, in Ibizan promotion and tourism. The authorities and entrepreneurs of the island realized the media interest they received and the importance of this media impact on developing the tourism sector. The result was that they supported artistic avant-garde and various activities derived from the hippie movement to differentiate Ibiza and make it known in Spain and abroad, creating the myth of Ibiza as an island of freedom, harmony, and nightlife (the current image of the island)

The Society’s Heterogeneity Regarding Attitudes towards Tourism: A Cluster Analysis of the Ibiza Residents

Abstract: The residents’ attitudes towards tourism are heterogeneous, although most studies do not focus their analysis on analyzing this variability. The segmentation of residents based on their attitudes has sought to etermine the existing profiles within the local society of tourist destinations and their quantitative importance. The aim of this article is to carry out a segmentation of Ibiza residents according to their attitudes towards tourism. In this case, it seeks to analyze the existing heterogeneity in the local society of a mature and highly mediated tourist destination. Ibiza is a Spanish island in the Western Mediterranean with a surface area of 572 km and 150,000 inhabitants. It receives three million tourists a year, making it one of the most internationally known tourist destinations. The methodology used is a descending hierarchical cluster analysis (Howard-Harris algorithm) on a sample of 418 residents selected by a random procedure. The analysis has made it possible to identify five groups with opinions ranging from the most favorable towards tourism (enthusiastic supporters) to the most adverse (critics), with several intermediate groups (interested supporters, supporters with nuanced opinions, and neutrals). The most numerous groups are the supporters with nuanced opinions (23.0%), called by other authors “realists” for being aware of both the positive an d negative impacts, and the critics (23.4%) concerned about the negative impacts. The minority group is the neutrals (13.6%). These proportions are plausible given the fact that it is a mature and highly crowded destination. This heterogeneity of attitudes should remind us that, in societies, there are always very different personal situations that will generate very different attitudes, and it is essential to know this social heterogeneity in order to manage the tourist destination correctly

Tourism Workers and Entrepreneurs during the 1950s and 1960s in Sant Antoni de Portmany (Ibiza, Spain)

[Abstract]: Ibiza is very dependent on the tourism sector and is a highly recognized international brand. However, before the tourist boom, the situation was different, since it was an economically underdeveloped and almost unknown island. In the 1950s, an eminently endogenous tourism development began thanks to local entrepreneurship, usually workers and modest traders who dared to invest in the new sector. The development was not homogeneous throughout the island, with Sant Antoni de Portmany being the pioneer town in the post-Spanish Civil War recovery (1939–1959), the example from which the rest of the island learned and the starting point of the current image of Ibiza. This article seeks to delve into the social context of Sant Antoni in its tourist beginnings, especially in the mentality and way of being of the workers and businessmen of that time. It is an economic history paper that analyzes bibliography and testimonies of that time to provide a vision of what society, tourism and pioneering entrepreneurs were like. The peculiarities of the society, workers and entrepreneurs from the beginnings of the tourism sector have generated many of the positive and negative elements of current society and tourism in Ibiza, highlighting the survival of a mentality, way of doing and vital approach based on networking, irregularities and improvisation

The Impact of Working in Contact with Tourists in the Formation of Attitudes towards the Tourism Sector

[Resumo] O turismo xera beneficios e custos, e a percepción destes impactos pode depender da preocupación pola economía. De feito, pode atoparse unha relación positiva entre a aceptación do turismo e a dependencia económica. O obxectivo deste traballo é pescudar se o feito de traballar con turistas, ou de ter contacto con eles no lugar de traballo, inflúe na valoración dos impactos mencionados e na formación das actitudes por parte dos residentes de Eivisa. A análise das dúas mostras realizouse mediante regresión de mínimos cadrados parciais. Ao analizar o efecto de traballar no sector turístico sobre a formación das percepcións e actitudes, hai valoracións máis positivas por parte dos traballadores do sector, malia as diferenzas seren pouco ou nada significativas.[Abstract] Tourism generates benefits and costs, and the perception of these impacts may depend on concern for the economy. A positive relationship between the acceptance of tourism and economic dependency can be found. The objective of this study is to find out if working with tourists, or having contact with them in the workplace influences the assessment of impacts and the forming of attitudes by the residents of Ibiza. The analysis of the two samples was carried out through Partial least squares regression. When analysing the effect of working in the tourism sector on the formation of perceptions and attitudes, the assessments of workers in the sector are more positive but the differences are of little or no significance