Fortalecimiento de la estructura de Llamas Honey como empresa familiar

El presente documento expone de manera detallada y estructurada el proyecto que se desarrolló en conjunto con pequeños productores de la localidad del Salvador, municipio de Tequila y la Fundación Beckmann. El desarrollo del plan de trabajo sucede de manera particular con Llamas Honey, una empresa ubicada en El Salvador, Tequila, donde una familia dedicada a la apicultura, busca fortalecer y crecer su negocio, a través de la consolidación de una estructura administrativa que garantice la profesionalización de sus procesos, la definición del empaque y embalaje de sus productos y que a su vez, permita la optimización en los tiempos de producción, trayendo como consecuencia la colocación de la marca en puntos de venta en Tequila y dentro de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara (ZMG) así como la posibilidad de expansión mediante nuevas redes de envíos a toda la República Mexicana. Después de analizar la situación actual de la empresa familiar, se definió un objetivo general que se fundamenta en las necesidades reales percibidas a través de los actores y que da seguimiento al trabajo previo realizado en semestres anteriores.ITESO, A.C

Socio-Economic Analysis of the Results of Implementing a Rights-Based Management System in a Small-Scale Fishery in the Gulf of California: The Gulf Curvina

Annual socio-economic surveys, pared with third-party landing monitoring data, have allowed a multi-year analysis of the economic impacts and perceptions of implementing an individual vessel quota rights-based management system in the gulf corvina (Cynoscion othonopterus) fishery. This fishery is targeted by four communities, including an indigenous one, in the Upper Gulf of California region shared by the states of Sonora and Baja California, and is one of the most highly regulated fisheries in Mexico, including gear and season limits, as well as a total allowable catch (TAC). In 2012, as a measure to better manage the overall TAC, action was begun by federal government, in partnership with state government, fishermen, processors, fishery scientists and NGOs to start a transition to a RBM system. Since then, significant changes have occurred. Here we present the measured economic changes in landing, ex-vessel prices, revenue, costs, profits and market share, and how they impacted fishermen, permit holders and local buyers. Surveys have also permitted detailed analysis of community perceptions of these changes. These results are discussed in light of both fishery-specific management changes, as well as regional conservation challenges which have also impacted to fishery indirectly. This case highlights the potential of the approach followed – participation, science based decisions and partnerships - to improve the livelihood of small-scale fishermen, particularly those occurring in low governance contexts such as Mexico

Guide to the alien and invasive species of rivers, lakes and estuaries in the Iberian Peninsula.

Guide to the alien and invasive species of rivers, lakes and estuaries in the Iberian Peninsula

Guía de las especies Exóticas e Invasoras de los Ríos, Lagos y Estuarios de la Península Ibérica.

Guía de las especies Exóticas e Invasoras de los Ríos, Lagos y Estuarios de la Península Ibérica

Guia das Espécies Exóticas e Invasoras dos Rios, Lagos e Estuários da Península Ibérica.

Guia das Espécies Exóticas e Invasoras dos Rios, Lagos e Estuários da Península Ibérica

Seawater carbonate chemistry and survival, size and gene expression in larvae and post-larvae of the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus

Seawater temperature, oxygen, salinity and pH are important abiotic factors, changes in which can generate stress in marine organisms. Subtidal and intertidal species, such as the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus, are daily exposed to stressors against which they have developed survival mechanisms to face environmental challenges. Analysing the expression of some key genes in response to stress factors due to changes in temperature and pH, especially in the early stages of development, opens a window of knowledge on the effect that these stressors have on benthos marine organisms. In the present work larvae and post-larvae of D. excentricus were exposed to high temperature and low pH scenarios. Survival, size and gene expression of five genes, involved in both stress response (hsp70 IV and hsp90 beta-like) and biomineralization for skeletogenesis (sm29, sm30A, carbonic anhydrase 14-like and mitochondrial proton/calcium exchanger protein LOC575637), were analysed in 4-, 6-, 8-arms, competent larvae and post-larvae. Survival of stressed larvae and post-larvae presented a significant decrease, up to 37% in some stages. A size reduction of almost 30 μm was observed when larvae were exposed to stressful conditions, except in competent larvae and in post-larvae where no significant changes were detected. After stress treatments, transcripts of hsp90 beta-like were up-regulated in all larval stages but hsp70 IV transcripts were not. Under tested stressful conditions sm29 and sm30A expression was down-regulated in larvae and post-larvae, while carbonic anhydrase 14-like and LOC575637 expressions were up-regulated. It is evident that tolerance to changes in seawater temperature and pH has a direct effect on metabolic functions of D. excentricus larvae and post-larvae, which depends on the developmental stage. If laboratory results are extrapolated to marine ecosystems, it is possible that populations of this structuring organism may be disturbed with subsequent damage to ecosystem balance, until resilient organisms acclimatize and adapt to their changing habitats

Air pollution and meteorological variables’ effects on COVID-19 first and second waves in Spain

The aim of this research is to study the influence of atmospheric pollutants and meteorological variables on the incidence rate of COVID-19 and the rate of hospital admissions due to COVID-19 during the first and second waves in nine Spanish provinces. Numerous studies analyze the effect of environmental and pollution variables separately, but few that include them in the same analysis together, and even fewer that compare their effects between the first and second waves of the virus. This study was conducted in nine of 52 Spanish provinces, using generalized linear models with Poisson link between levels of PM10, NO2 and O3 (independent variables) and maximum temperature and absolute humidity and the rates of incidence and hospital admissions of COVID-19 (dependent variables), establishing a series of significant lags. Using the estimators obtained from the significant multivariate models, the relative risks associated with these variables were calculated for increases of 10 µg/m3 for pollutants, 1 °C for temperature and 1 g/m3 for humidity. The results suggest that NO2 has a greater association than the other air pollution variables and the meteorological variables. There was a greater association with O3 in the first wave and with NO2 in the second. Pollutants showed a homogeneous distribution across the country. We conclude that, compared to other air pollutants and meteorological variables, NO2 is a protagonist that may modulate the incidence and severity of COVID-19, though preventive public health measures such as masking and hand washing are still very important.</p