Risk factors associated with preterm birth in the obstetrics service in Latin America

El parto pretérmino ocasionó 900,000 muertes en 2019 por lo que el reconocimiento  de los factores de riesgo beneficia al binomio Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de estudios de los factores de riesgo asociados al parto pretérmino comprendido en el periodo 2018-2023. Se identificaron a partir de: Google académico, Scielo, Medigraphic, Journal, Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Repositorio. Los estudios se seleccionaron bajo la verificación de los 5 autores del artículo. Los criterios de inclusión fueron estudios clínicos que encontraron una relación estadísticamente significativa,  un OR >1 y que fueran realizados en Latinoamérica Resultado: Se encontraron 15 factores de riesgo, siendo  IVU, preeclampsia, tabaquismo, enfermedad periodontal, vaginosis, ruptura prematura de membranas, modificaciones cervicales, placenta previa y oligohidramnios los de más fuerza de asociación  Conclusiones: El parto pretérmino posee diversos factores de riesgo por lo que los descritos en las revisiones amplían el panorama para la detección oportuna de la patología y poder prevenir y/o tratar la causa subyacente así como incentivar la búsqueda de factores no descritosPreterm birth caused 900,000 deaths in 2019, so the recognition of risk factors benefits the couple. Objective: To carry out a systematic review of studies on risk factors associated with preterm birth during the period 2018-2023. It is identified from: Google scholar, Scielo, Medigraphic, Journal, Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Repositorio. The studies were selected under the verification of the 5 authors of the article. The inclusion criteria were clinical studies that found a statistically significant relationship, an OR >1 and that were carried out in Latin America. Result: 15 risk factors were found, with UIV, preeclampsia, smoking, periodontal disease, vaginosis, premature rupture of membranes, cervical modifications, placenta previa and oligohydramnios having the strongest association strength. Conclusions: Preterm birth has various risk factors, so those described in the reviews expand the panorama for the timely detection of the pathology and to be able to prevent and/or treat the underlying cause as well as encourage the search for factors not described

Mis casos clínicos de especialidades odontológicas

Libro que muestra la atención de casos clínicos particulares referente a las diferentes especialidades odontológicasLibro que muestra la atención de casos clínicos particulares referente a las diferentes especialidades odontológicasUniversidad Autónoma de Campeche Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Comunidad transexual dentro del movimiento feminista

A lo largo de la historia el movimiento feminista ha luchado por la reivindicación de los derechos de las mujeres dentro de una sociedad patriarcal la cual, entre las dinámicas sociales de la misma, establece relaciones verticales dando paso a la sumisión y opresión de la otredad. Sin embargo, las mujeres no han sido las únicas afectadas bajo estos tipos de relación social pues, las personas de género diverso y trans se han visto inmersas en situaciones discriminatorias y violentas debido al malestar por no seguir las nociones de género preconcebidas, siendo estas la constitución de lo femenino y masculino. Por lo tanto, es importante conocer como la mujer trans se incluyó en el movimiento feminista, así como su rol actual dentro del movimiento teniendo en cuenta el progreso del reconocimiento de su dignidad humana y los de los derechos que se derivan de esta condición en la que todos estamos inmersos sin distinción alguna. (Tomado de la fuente)

Cigarette Smoke Decreases the Maturation of Lung Myeloid Dendritic Cells

[Background] Conflicting data exist on the role of pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs) and their maturation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Herein, we investigated whether disease severity and smoking status could affect the distribution and maturation of DCs in lung tissues of patients undergoing elective pneumectomy or lobectomy for suspected primary lung cancer.[Materials and Methods] A total of 75 consecutive patients were included. Spirometry testing was used to identify COPD. Lung parenchyma sections anatomically distant from the primary lesion were examined. We used flow cytometry to identify different DCs subtypes—including BDCA1-positive myeloid DCs (mDCs), BDCA3-positive mDCs, and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs)—and determine their maturation markers (CD40, CD80, CD83, and CD86) in all participants. We also identified follicular DCs (fDCs), Langerhans DCs (LDCs), and pDCs in 42 patients by immunohistochemistry.[Results] COPD was diagnosed in 43 patients (16 current smokers and 27 former smokers), whereas the remaining 32 subjects were classified as non-COPD (11 current smokers, 13 former smokers, and 8 never smokers). The number and maturation of DCs did not differ significantly between COPD and non-COPD patients. However, the results of flow cytometry indicated that maturation markers CD40 and CD83 of BDCA1-positive mDCs were significantly decreased in smokers than in non-smokers (P = 0.023 and 0.013, respectively). Immunohistochemistry also revealed a lower number of LDCs in COPD patients than in non-COPD subjects.[Conclusions] Cigarette smoke, rather than airflow limitation, is the main determinant of impaired DCs maturation in the lung.This study was supported by a grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (project PS09/00826).Peer reviewe

Cigarette Smoke Decreases the Maturation of Lung Myeloid Dendritic Cells - Fig 1

<p><b>Gating strategy for each subtype of DCs</b>: (A) BDCA1-positive mDCs; (B) BDCA3-positive mDCs; (C) pDCs.</p

Subtypes and maturation markers of dendritic cells (expressed as percentage) in different stages of COPD (stage 3 <i>versus</i> stages 1−2).

<p>Subtypes and maturation markers of dendritic cells (expressed as percentage) in different stages of COPD (stage 3 <i>versus</i> stages 1−2).</p

Subtypes and maturation markers (assessed by flow cytometry) of dendritic cells (expressed as percentages) in current and former smokers with COPD.

<p>Subtypes and maturation markers (assessed by flow cytometry) of dendritic cells (expressed as percentages) in current and former smokers with COPD.</p

Distribution of dendritic cells and their subtypes in the study groups.

<p>No significant differences were identified.</p

Subtypes and maturation markers of dendritic cells (expressed as percentages) in current and former smokers non-COPD by flow cytometry.

<p>Subtypes and maturation markers of dendritic cells (expressed as percentages) in current and former smokers non-COPD by flow cytometry.</p

Associations between disease severity (expressed by spirometric impairment) and the percentage of dendritic cells measured by flow cytometry.

<p>Associations between disease severity (expressed by spirometric impairment) and the percentage of dendritic cells measured by flow cytometry.</p