In vitro biogas production and degradations of sheep diets containing Crotalaria or Chipile at two different regrowth ages

Objective: To determine in vitro the biogas production and fermentative characteristics of diets for fattening lambs containing 20% chipile or crotalaria with 30 or 40 d of regrowth. Methodology: The treatments were whole diets containing 20% crotalaria with 30 d (T1) or 40 d of regrowth (T2), as well as 20% chipile with 30 d (T3) or 40 d of regrowth (T4). In vitro gas production was measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h; kinetic estimators (A, b, k), dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFD) and acid detergent fiber (ADFD) degradation, metabolizable energy (ME) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The experimental design was completely randomized. Results: In the accumulated biogas production, T4 presented higher production from 2 to 24 h; T3 and T4 higher at 48 h and T1 higher at 72 h. The kinetic estimators showed that T1 was higher in A and k and T4 was higher in b. T2 presented the lowest DMD, OMD, NDFD, ADFD, ME and SCFA. Limitations of the study: Chipile scale production is limited to produce more biomass, as it is not yet domesticated Conclusions: Sheep diets containing 20% chipile or crotalaria with 30 d of regrowth were shown to be an alternative in the elaboration of whole-grain diets for intensive fattening of lambs in the tropics.Objective: To determine the in vitro biogas production and fermentative characteristics of diets for fattening lambs containing 20% chipile or crotalaria at 30 or 40 d of regrowth.Methodology: The treatments were whole diets containing 20% crotalaria with 30 d (T1) or 40 d of regrowth (T2), as well as 20% chipile with 30 d (T3) or 40 d of regrowth (T4). In vitro gas production was measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h and the following elements were determined: kinetic estimators (A, b, k), dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber (ADFD) degradation, metabolizable energy (ME), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The experimental design was completely randomized.Results: Regarding the accumulated biogas production, T4 presented higher production from 2 to 24 h, T3 and T4 higher at 48 h, and T1 higher at 72 h. Kinetic estimators showed that T1 was higher in A and k and T4 was higher in b. T2 presented the lowest DMD, OMD, NDFD, ADFD, ME, and SCFA.Study Limitations: Scale production of chipile, aimed to obtain a greater biomass volume, is limited since it has not been domesticated yet. Conclusions: Sheep diets containing 20% chipile or crotalaria with 30 d of regrowth have proven to be an alternative for the manufacturing of whole diets for the intensive fattening of lambs in the tropics

Avaliação da vagem do cubato (Acacia cochliacatha) e do fruto guásimo (Guazuma ulmifolia) pela técnica de produção de gás in vitro

Las vainas y frutos de leguminosas tienen el potencial de utilizarse en la alimentación de rumiantes. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar las características fermentativas in vitro de la vaina de cubato y fruto de guásimo, para lo cual se incubaron 0.5 g de frutos de guásimo y vainas de cubato con 40 mL de medio de cultivo bajo flujo continuo de CO2 en una incubadora a 39 °C durante 72 h, donde se inocularon con 10 mL de fluido ruminal fresco obtenido de un bovino alimentado con pasto pangola. La producción de biogás se midió a las 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48 y 72 h y los estimadores de cinética de producción de biogás se determinaron con el modelo de Gompertz. La producción de metano se midió a las 24, 48 y 72 h de incubación, posteriormente se midio pH del medio y degradación de la materia seca. Las variables se analizaron en un diseño completamente al azar y los valores promedios se compararon con la prueba de Tukey. La producción de biogás de las leguminosas evaluadas mostró diferencia en las primeras 2 h de incubación (p<0.05). Los estimadores de la cinética de fermentación mostraron diferencia en el tiempo lag o eficiencia microbiana (p<0.05), donde el fruto de guásimo fue 17% menor que la vaina de cubato. La producción de metano no presentó diferencias durante el periodo evaluado (p>0.05). El medio de cultivo donde se usó guásimo como sustrato fue 2.2% más ácido que el medio con vaina de cubato como sustrato (p<0.05). La degradación de fruto de guásimo fue 50.3% mayor que la vaina de cubato (p<0.05). La vaina de cubato y fruto de guásimo presentan características fermentativas in vitro deseables para su uso en la alimentación.The pods and fruits of legumes have the potential to be used in ruminant feeding. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the in vitro fermentative characteristics of the cubato pod and guásimo fruit, for which 0.5 g of guásimo fruits and cubato pods were incubated with 40 mL of culture medium under a continuous flow of CO2. in an incubator at 39 °C for 72 h, where they were inoculated with 10 mL of fresh ruminal fluid obtained from a bovine fed with pangola grass. Biogas production was measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, and biogas production kinetics estimators were determined using the Gompertz model. Methane production was measured at 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation, subsequently the pH of the medium and dry matter degradation were measured. The variables were analyzed in a completely randomized design and the average values ​​were compared with Tukey's test. The biogas production of the evaluated legumes showed a difference in the first 2 h of incubation (p<0.05). The estimators of the fermentation kinetics showed a difference in the lag time or microbial efficiency (p<0.05), where the guásimo fruit was 17% less than the cubato pod. Methane production did not present differences during the evaluated period (p>0.05). The culture medium where guásimo was used as substrate was 2.2% more acidic than the medium with cubato pod as substrate (p<0.05). The degradation of the guásimo fruit was 50.3% higher than the cubato pod (p<0.05). The cubato pod and guásimo fruit present desirable in vitro fermentative characteristics for their use in food

Efeito da substituição de ração comercial por blocos nutricionais na resposta produtiva de coelhos em condições tropicais

In Mexico, derived from the high cost of inputs to prepare balanced feed and commercial concentrates, alternatives and strategies based on the use of unconventional raw materials should be sought. The use of nutritional blocks that provide the necessary requirements and that replaces commercial foods and thus lowers costs has been proposed. The objective of this study was to determine the dry matter intake, weight gain and economic income in rabbits fed with commercial food and nutritional blocks. The experimental design was completely randomized and the means of the treatments were compared using Tukey's test. The treatments (T) were randomly assigned to 10 first-time F1 female rabbits (Butterfly * New Zealand, 2.26 kg LW): T1: commercial food (Api-Aba®), T2: nutritional block. The evaluations included dry matter intake (DMS), daily weight gain (GDP). At the end of the study, the economic income was evaluated. The results obtained showed that when the nutritional block was offered, food consumption decreased by 11 and 68 g d-1 (p<0.05) during gestation and lactation, respectively. There were no differences (p>0.05) in GDP in the gestation, lactation stage or in the weaning kits. On the other hand, the economic income was 2.3% higher in the rabbits fed with nutritional block. The use of nutritional blocks replaces 17% of commercial feed, which suggests that it is a viable option in feeding rabbits, since it does not affect their weight and that of rabbits, as well as being a cheaper option.En México, derivado del alto costo en los insumos para elaborar alimentos balanceados y concentrados comerciales se deben buscar alternativas y estrategias basadas en el uso de materias primas no convencionales. Se ha propuesto el uso de bloques nutricionales que provean los requerimientos necesarios y que sustituya a los alimentos comerciales y de esta manera aminorar los costos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el consumo de materia seca, ganancia de peso y el ingreso económico en conejas alimentadas con alimento comercial y bloques nutricionales. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar y los promedios de los tratamientos se compararon mediante la prueba de Tukey. Los tratamientos (T) se asignaron al azar a 10 conejas hembras primerizas F1 (Mariposa * Nueva Zelanda, 2.26 kg PV): T1: alimento comercial (Api-Aba®), T2: bloque nutricional. Las evaluaciones incluyeron consumo de materia seca (CMS), ganancia diaria de peso (GDP). Al final del estudio se evaluó el ingreso económico. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que cuando se ofreció el bloque nutricional disminuyo el consumo de alimento 11 y 68 g d-1 (p<0.05) durante la gestación y lactación, respectivamente. No hubo diferencias (p>0.05) en GDP en la etapa de gestación, lactancia ni en los gazapos al destete. Por otro lado, el ingreso económico fue 2.3% mayor en las conejas alimentadas con bloque nutricional. El uso de bloques nutricionales sustituye el 17% de alimento comercial, lo que sugiere que es una opción viable en la alimentación de conejas, debido a que no afecta su peso y el de los gazapos, además de ser una opción más económica.No México, devido ao alto custo dos insumos para preparar rações balanceadas e concentrados comerciais, devem ser buscadas alternativas e estratégias baseadas no uso de matérias-primas não convencionais. Tem sido proposto o uso de blocos nutricionais que forneçam os requisitos necessários e que substituam os alimentos comerciais e, assim, reduzam os custos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o consumo de matéria seca, ganho de peso e rendimento econômico em coelhos alimentados com ração comercial e blocos nutricionais. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Os tratamentos (T) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 10 coelhas F1 (Butterfly * Nova Zelândia, 2,26 kg PV) estreantes: T1: ração comercial (Api-Aba®), T2: bloco nutricional. As avaliações incluíram consumo de matéria seca (CMS), ganho de peso diário (PIB). Ao final do estudo, avaliou-se o rendimento econômico. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que quando o bloco nutricional foi oferecido, o consumo alimentar diminuiu em 11 e 68 g d-1 (p<0,05) durante a gestação e lactação, respectivamente. Não houve diferenças (p>0,05) no PIB na fase de gestação, lactação ou nos kits de desmame. Por outro lado, o rendimento econômico foi 2,3% maior nos coelhos alimentados com bloco nutricional. A utilização de blocos nutricionais substitui 17% da ração comercial, o que sugere ser uma opção viável na alimentação de coelhos, pois não afeta o peso deles e dos coelhos, além de ser uma opção mais barata

Características químicas y fermentativas in vitro de dietas para becerros con inclusiones crecientes de vaina y hojas de Moringa oleifera

Legume leaves and pods are an alternative feed for ruminants in the tropics. The goal of this study was to determine the chemical quality and in vitro fermentative characteristics of Moringa oleifera pods and leaves, with inclusions of 0 %, 10 %, 20 % and 30 % in a complete diet for calves of 200 kg live weight. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cumulative gas and methane production, DM degradation (DMD) and NDF (NDFD) were determined from the leaves, pods and diets. The variables were analyzed using a completely randomized design (10 replicates). The leaf quantified 229.4, 465.8 and 204.0 g/kg DM, NDF and CP. As well as 662.3 and 688.9 g/kg DM of DMD and NDFD (P < 0.05). The diet with 10% M. oleifera leaf presented 824.9 and 725.5 g/kg DM of DMD and NDFD; as well as 167 and 58 ml/g DM of gas and methane. In conclusion, M. oleifera leaf shows better chemical and fermentative characteristics in vitro and up to 30% M. oleifera leaf can be included in whole-calf diets for calves of 200 kg live weight.Las hojas y las vainas de las leguminosas son una alternativa de alimentación de rumiantes en el trópico. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las características químicas y fermentativas in vitro de vaina y hoja de Moringa oleifera, con inclusiones de 0 %, 10 %, 20 % y 30 % en una dieta integral para becerros de 200 kg de peso vivo. A las hojas, las vainas y las dietas se les determinó materia seca (ms), proteína cruda (pc), fibra detergente (fdn), producción acumulada de gas y metano, degradación de ms (dmd) y fdn (dfdn). El análisis de las variables fue mediante un diseño completamente al azar (10 repeticiones) y la hoja cuantificó 229,4, 465,8 y 204,0 g/kg ms de ms, fdn y pc, respectivamente. Así como, 662,3 y 688,9 g/kg de ms de dms y dfdn (P < 0,05). La dieta con 10 % de hoja de M. oleifera presentó 824,9 y 725,5 g/kg de ms de dmd y dfdn, así como 167 y 58 ml/g ms de gas y metano. En conclusión, la hoja de M. oleifera muestra mejores características químicas y fermentativas in vitro y se puede incluir hasta 30 % de hoja de M. oleifera en dietas integrales para becerros de 200 kg de peso vivo

Fermentación in vitro de consorcios bacterianos celulolíticos ruminales de búfalos de agua en sustratos fibrosos

Objetivo. Determinar las variables fermentativas in vitro de un consorcio bacteriano celulolítico (CBC) aislado de una búfala de agua en cocultivo con bacterias ruminales totales (BRT) en sustratos fibrosos. Materiales y métodos. Un CBC se aisló de fluido ruminal de una búfala de agua en medios selectivos celulolíticos. El diseño experimental fue un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 3x2, los factores fueron tratamientos [BRT, CBC y un cocultivo (BRT + CBC)] y sustratos (pasto pangola y rastrojo de maíz). La producción de gas total y metano (CH4) se midieron a diferentes intervalos de tiempo. Además, se estimó pH, nitrógeno amoniacal (N-NH3), degradación de materia seca (DMS) y de fibra detergente neutro (DFDN), y la población de bacterias totales a 72 h de incubación. Resultados. El cocultivo produjo mayor (p≤0.05) cantidad de gas a las 3, 6 y 24 h en ambos sustratos. A las 48 y 72 h, el cocultivo produjo mayor (p≤0.05) gas en pasto cobra. El cocultivo y las BRT no presentaron diferencias (p>0.05) en la producción de CH4 a 48 y 72 h, y en DMS y DFDN (p>0.05). En el pasto cobra, la concentración de N-NH3 con el cocultivo fue mayor (p≤0.05) que con BRT. Conclusión La producción de gas y degradación de materia seca de los consorcios bacterianos celulolíticos procedentes del rumen de una búfala de agua muestran que son una alternativa para mejorar la fermentación de carbohidratos estructurales del pasto cobra cuando se cocultivan con bacterias ruminales bovinas

Fermentação in vitro de um suplemento com níveis crescentes de vagens maduras de alfarroba (Samanea saman)

Abstract Tree legume pods are characterized by their protein content; increasing protein in a supplement with tree legumes is an alternative to improve the productive parameters of ruminants. The objective was to evaluate in vitro biogas fermentation variables, kinetic estimators (A, b, and k), dry matter degradation (DMS) and detergent neutral fiber (DFDN) of a supplement with 0, 10, 20 and 30% inclusion of mature carob pods. The biodigester (120 mL serological vials) contained: 0.5 g of one type of supplement, 40 mL of culture medium and 10 mL of fresh rumen fluid (inoculum). The vials were incubated at 39 °C for 72 h. The experimental design was completely randomized. T20 presented higher biogas production at 12 and 24 h; whereas, at 48 and 72 h were T0 and T20. T20 was higher for A, T0 and T10 lower for k and T0 lower for b (p<0.05). pH and DMS showed no differences between treatments (p>0.05). The DFDN showed a tendency to decrease as the carob pod increased. It is concluded that the inclusion of 20% of mature carob pods in a supplement can be used as a feeding strategy in ruminants. Key words: Tree legume, fermentation, biogas, DMS, DFDN, carob.Las vainas de leguminosas arbóreas se caracterizan por su alto contenido de proteína, el aumento de proteína en un suplemento mediante leguminosas arbóreas es una alternativa para mejorar los parámetros productivos de rumiantes. El objetivo fue evaluar las variables de la fermentación in vitro un suplemento con 0, 10, 20 y 30% de inclusión de vainas maduras de algarrobo. El biodigestor (viales serológicos de 120 mL) contenía: 0.5 g de un tipo de suplemento, 40 mL de medio de cultivo y 10 mL de fluido ruminal fresco (inóculo). Los viales se incubaron a 39 °C por 72 h. El diseño experimental fue un completamente al azar. T20 presentó mayor producción de biogás a 12 y 24 h; mientras, a las 48 y 72 h fueron T0 y T20. T20 fue mayor para A, T0 y T10 menores para k y T0 menor para b (p<0.05). pH y DMS no mostraron diferencias entre tratamientos (p>0.05). LA DFDN mostró tendencia a disminuir conforme aumento la vaina de algarrobo. Se concluye, la inclusión de 20% de vaina madura de algarrobo en un suplemento, es posible utilizarse como una estrategia de alimentación en rumiantes. Palabras clave: Leguminosa arbórea, fermentación, biogás, DMS, DFDN, algarrobo.As vagens das leguminosas arbóreas, a alfarrobeira (Samanea saman) caracterizam-se pelo seu elevado teorproteico. O aumento de proteína em um suplemento por meio de leguminosas arbóreas é uma alternativa para melhorar os parâmetros produtivos de ruminantes. O objetivo foi avaliar as variáveis de fermentação in vitro do biogás, estimadores cinéticos (A= potencial de produção de biogás, b= lag time ou eficiência microbiana e k= taxa constante de produção de biogás de material potencialmente degradável), degradação da matéria seca (DMS) e degradação da fibra em detergente neutro (DFDN) de um suplemento com 0, 10, 20 e 30% de inclusão de alfarroba madura. O biodigestor (frascos sorológicos de 120 mL) continha: 0,5 g de um tipo de suplemento, 40 mL de meio de cultura e 10 mL de fluido ruminal fresco (inóculo). Os frascos foram incubados a 39 °C por 72 h. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. T20 apresentou maior produção de biogás em 12 e 24 h; enquanto, às 48 e 72 h, foram T0 e T20. T20 foi maior para A, T0 e T10 menores para k e T0 menor para b (p<0,05). O pH e o DMS não apresentaram diferenças entre os tratamentos (p>0,05). O DFDN mostrou uma tendência de diminuir à medida que a alfarrobeira aumentava.Conclui-se que a inclusão de 20% de alfarroba madura em um suplemento pode ser utilizada como estratégia alimentar em ruminantes

Size, imbibition, and viability of seeds of two creole melon (Cucumis melo L.) from the state of Guerrero, Mexico

Objetive: Determine the physical and physiological characteristics of creole melon seeds from the Costa Chica of Guerrero. Design/methodology/approach: It was established under a completely randomized design and Student's t-tests (?=0.05) and correlation with the Pearson's test were performed. Viability and imbibition were carried out using the methodologies described by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA). Results: The native seeds of the two varieties presented significant statistical difference (95% confidence level) in the physical quality variables. The imbibition ended at 18 and 32 h in V2 and V1, respectively, after being submerged in water. The humidity percentage was higher in V1 (7.19); while, V2 presented a higher percentage of germination and viability (96 and 90%, respectively). There is a positive association between the humidity and the physical dimensions of the seed and the highly significant (P=0.003) germination and viability (r2=0.954). Limitations on study/implications Morphological and taxonomic classification studies of the creole genotypes of the Costa Chica region of Guerrero are required. Findings/conclusions: There was a positive correlation between the physical and physiological quality in the native melon seeds.Objective: To determine the physical and physiological characteristics of Creole melon seeds from the Costa Chica ofGuerrero.Design/Methodology/Approach: It was established under a completely randomized design, and Student’s t-tests (a=0.05) and correlation with Pearson’s test were performed. Viability and imbibition were carried out using the methodologies described by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA).Results: Creole seeds of the two varieties presented a significant statistical difference (95% confidence level) in the physical quality variables. The imbibition ended at 18 and 32 h in V2 and V1, respectively, after being submerged in water. The humidity percentage was higher in V1 (7.19); while, V2 presented a higher percentage of germination and viability (96 and 90%, respectively). There is a positive association between the humidity and the physical dimensions of the seed and the germination and viability (r2=0.954) that is highly significant (P=0.003).Study Limitations/Implications: Morphological and taxonomic classification studies of the Creole genotypes of the Costa Chica region of Guerrero are required.Findings/Conclusions: There was a positive correlation between the physical and physiological quality of the Creole melon seeds

In vitro gas and methane production and dry matter degradation of pumpkin (Cucurbita argyrosperma) silages with pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) hay

Objective: To determine the production of gas, methane and degradation of dry matter in vitro of silage made with pumpkin pulp shell (PPS; Cucurbita argyrosperma), pangola grass hay (Digitaria decumbens) and urea as additives and two inclusion percentages of molasses fermented for 14 and 21 days. Methodology: The silages (2 kg) were: E1= 72.5% PPS, 22.5% pangola grass, 3% molasses and 2% urea; and E2= 72.5 % PPS, 19.5% pangola grass, 6% molasses and 2 % urea. Both silages were fermented for 14 and 21 days. Gas production was evaluated, methane (CH4), total bacteria count and dry matter degradation (DMDEG). The experimental design was a completely randomized 2 × 2 arrangement with types of silage and fermentation time as factors. Results: The E1 at 21 d showed the lowest gas production at 72 h (46.96 mL g-1 MS) and the lowest DMDEG (35.78%; p ? 0.05). CH4 production and total bacteria count did not show differences (p> 0.05) between types of silage, nor fermentation times. Limitations on study: The inclusion of 3% molasses with a fermentation time of 21 days showed the lowest gas production and degradation of dry matter in silage with pumpkin pulp shell and pangola grass hay. Conclusions: Silage made with pumpkin pulp shell is a viable alternative to preserve and produce feed for ruminants in the dry season; likewise, properly use potentially contaminating materials such as pumpkin pulp shell. Keywords: Digitaria decumbens, Cucurbita argyrosperma, gas production, ensilage, in vitro.Objetivo: Determinar la producción de gas, metano y degradación de la materia seca in vitro de ensilados elaborados con cascara y pulpa de calabaza (CPC; Cucurbita argyrosperma), heno de pasto pangola (Digitaria decumbens) y como aditivos urea y dos porcentajes de inclusión de melaza fermentados durante 14 y 21 días. Metodología: Los ensilados (2 Kg) fueron: E1 = 72.5% de CPC, 22.5% de pasto pangola, 3% de melaza y 2% de urea; E2 = 72.5% de CPC, 19.5% de pasto pangola, 6% de melaza y 2% de urea. Ambos ensilados se fermentaron por 14 y 21 días. Se evaluó la producción de gas, metano (CH4), conteo de bacterias totales y degradación de materia seca (DEGMS). El diseño experimental fue un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 2 x 2 con tipos de ensilado y tiempo de fermentación como factores. Resultados: El E1 a los 21 d mostró la menor producción de gas a las 72 h (46.96 mL g-1 MS) y menor DEGMS (35.78%; p ? 0.05). La producción de CH4 y conteo de bacterias totales no mostraron diferencias (p > 0.05) entre tipos de ensilado, ni tiempos de fermentación. Limitaciones del estudio: La inclusión de 3% de melaza con un tiempo de fermentación de 21 días presentó la menor producción de gas y degradación de la materia seca en ensilados con cascara y pulpa de calabaza y heno de pasto pangola. Conclusiones: Los ensilados elaborados con cascara y pulpa de calabaza son una alternativa viable para conservar y producir alimento para rumiantes en la época de sequía; así mismo usar adecuadamente materiales potencialmente contaminantes como la cascara y pulpa de calabaza

Productive behavior of sheep fed with soy (Glycine max L.) forage

Objective: To evaluate the productive behavior of Creole sheep in the tropics fed a comprehensive diet that includes forage soy (FS, Glycine max) at different phenological stages. Methodology: The treatments T1: control, T2: 30% (SF-56 d), T3: 30% (SF-68 d), T4: 30% (SF-85 d), T5: 30% (SF-110 d) were randomized 30 male Creole sheep (15.51 ± 1.6 kg LW). The experiment lasted 56 d. The variables evaluated were: dry matter consumption (DMC), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion (FC). The experimental design was completely randomized and the averages of the treatments were compared using the Tukey test. Results: Differences (p<0.05) were found in DMC, GWG and FC. The DMC was lower (p<0.05) in the control group. The DWG was higher in the animals that consumed forage soybean compared to the control group (0.205 vs 0.121 kg d-1). The FC decreased (p <0.05) 51% in T3 (SF 68 d), with respect to the control group. Limitations on study: The nutrient contribution of soy forage is based on the phenological stage of the plant. Likewise, the scarce knowledge of the producers of the tropic region to incorporate it in the feeding of small ruminants. Conclusions: The inclusion of 30% of forage soybeans at 68 d of age in a comprehensive diet improves the productive performance of the lambs because it increases daily weight gain and decreases feed conversion.Objective: To evaluate the productive behavior of Creole sheep in the tropics fed a whole food diet that includes soybean (FS, Glycine max) fodder at different phenological stages. Methodology: The treatments T1: control, T2: 30% (SF-56 d), T3: 30% (SF-68 d), T4: 30% (SF-85 d), T5: 30% (SF-110 d) were assigned randomly to 30 male Creole sheep (15.51±1.6 kg LW). The experiment lasted 56 d. The variables evaluated were: dry matter consumption (DMC), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion (FC). The experimental design wascompletely randomized and the averages of the treatments were compared using the Tukey test. Results: Differences (p<0.05) were found in DMC, DWG and FC. The DMC was lower (p<0.05) in the control group. The DWG was higher in the animals that consumed soybean fodder compared to the control group (0.205 vs 0.121 kg d-1). The FC decreased (p<0.05) 51% in T3 (SF 68 d), with respect to the control group. Study Limitations: The nutrient contribution of soybean fodder is based on the phenological stage of the plant. Likewise, producers in the tropical region have scarce knowledge about how to incorporate it in the feeding of small ruminants. Conclusions: The inclusion of 30% of soybean fodder at 68 d of age in a whole food diet improves the productive performance of the lambs because it increases daily weight gain and decreases feed conversion

Fermentation kinetics and in vitro degradation of three native creeping legumes of the municipality of Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la cinética de fermentación y la degradación in vitro de tres leguminosas nativas del municipio de Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero. Los sustratos fueron vainas, hojas y planta completa de centrosema (Centrosema plumiere), frijolillo (Phaseolus lunatus var. silvester) y frijolillo-tamarindo (Phaseolus lunatus). Los biodigestores contenían 0.5 g de un sustrato y 50 ml de medio de cultivo. Los biodigestores se incubaron en baño maría a 39 °C por 72 h. La producción de gas se midió a las 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48 y 72 h. La producción de gas se usó para obtener los parámetros volumen máximo (Vm), tasa de producción de gas (S) y tiempo lag (λ). La degradación de la materia seca (DEGMS) y degradación de la fibra detergente neutra (DEGFDN) se determinaron por diferencia de peso. El análisis estadístico fue un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 3x3. La vaina de centrosema produjo el mayor Vm, la hoja de centrosema y vaina de frijolillo-tamarindo la mayor S, la hoja, planta y vaina de centrosema el menor λ, la vaina de centrosema la mayor DEGMS y DEGFDN. La hoja de centrosema presentó mayor Vm y S, así como menor λ que las hojas de frijolillo y frijolillo-tamarindo. La vaina de centrosema mostró mayor Vm, DEGMS y DEGFDN; además, menor λ que las vainas de frijolillo y frijolillo-tamarindo (pThe objective was to evaluate the fermentation kinetics and the in vitro degradation of the physiological parts of three native legumes of the municipality of Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero. The substrates were pods, leaves and complete plant of centrosema (Centrosema plumiere), bean (Phaseolus lunatus var. silvester) and bean-tamarind (Phaseolus lunatus). The biodigestor contained 0.5 g of a substrate and 50 ml of culture medium. The biodigestor were incubated in a water bath at 39 °C for 72 h. Gas production was measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. The gas production was used to obtain the parameters maximum volume (mV), rate of gas production (S) and time lag (λ). Dry matter degradation (DEGDM) and degradation of the neutral detergent fibre (DEGNDF) were determined by weight difference. The statistical analysis was a completely randomized design within a 3x3 factorial arrangement. The centrosema pod produced the higher mV, the centroid leaf and bean-tamarind pod the higher S, the leaf, plant and pod of centrosema the less λ, the pod of centrosema the higher DEGDM and DEGNDF. The centrosema leaf presented higher mV and S and less λ than the leaves of bean and bean-tamarind. The centroid sheath showed higher mV, DEGDM and DEGNDF and less λ than the bean and bean-tamarind pods (p<0.05). It is concluded that the evaluated components of the native creeping legume Centrosema plumiere presented better nutritional response in the in vitro evaluation than the other legumes