La mortalidad en Cañamero: 1960-1980

Se estudia la geografía, historia y sociedad de Cañamero (Cáceres). Se analizan los índices de mortalidad de Cañamero entre 1960 y 1980.We study the geography, history and society of Cañamero (Cáceres). Cañamero mortality rates between 1960 and 1980 are analyzed

Textual and Visual Aids for E-learning Translation Courses

The methodology of an e-learning course is based on the strategies of proactive learning, focused on the student as the key element of an approach to training in which the teacher acts as a facilitator of the learning process. Within the context of the design of a translation course in an e-learning context, the teacher must bear in mind that the student is faced with tasks that require the previous design of aids that help both in the translation process and in the acquisition of field knowledge to carry them out. Furthermore, the design should reflect the new multimedia structures that the information society has brought about.We present a series of activities generated with both visual and textual material implemented in the design of e-learning courses in audiovisual translation (subtitling and multimedia), technical and scientific translation. One of the courses is accessible through the WebCT e-learning platform, another uses the BSCWTM collaborative learning platform and the virtual classroom www.aulaint.ugr.es. The activities are intended to be of use for other subjects too, since they facilitate communication between students and act at the levels of lexical, phraseological, textual and cultural competence. Emphasis is put on the students’ self-assessment of their progress.La méthodologie d’un cours en ligne est basé sur une stratégie d’apprentissage autonome, dont l’étudiant est l’élément clé. Sous cette perspective éducative, le professeur devient l’élément qui facilite le processus d’apprentissage. Dans le contexte de la conception de cours de traduction destinés à l’enseignement en ligne, le professeur doit considérer que l’étudiant affronte des tâches qui requièrent la conception préalable d’activités facilitant aussi bien le processus de traduction proprement dit que l’acquisition de connaissances expertes pour mener à bien ces tâches. En outre, cette conception devrait être le reflet de nouvelles structures multimédias présentes au sein de la société de l’information.Cette étude présente une série d’activités types créées grâce à un matériel aussi bien visuel que textuel et mises en oeuvre pour les matières de traduction scientifique, technique et audiovisuelle. Ces matières sont disponibles sur la plateforme de téléenseignement WebCT. Lesdites activités prétendent être utiles pour d’autres matières puisqu’elles facilitent la communication entre étudiants, tout en développant un cadre méthodologique qui permet d’acquérir des compétences lexicales, phraséologiques, culturelles et textuelles. Dans la conception des activités, l’accent a été mis sur l’autoévaluation de la part des étudiants

Bootstrap analysis of multiple repetitions of experiments using an interval-valued multiple comparison procedure

A new bootstrap test is introduced that allows for assessing the signi cance of the di erences between stochastic algorithms in a cross-validation with repeated folds experimental setup. Intervals are used for modeling the variability of the data that can be attributed to the repetition of learning and testing stages over the same folds in cross validation. Numerical experiments are provided that support the following three claims (1) Bootstrap tests can be more powerful than ANOVA or Friedman test for comparing multiple classi ers (2) In the presence of outliers, interval-valued bootstrap tests achieve a better discrimination between stochastic algorithms than nonparametric tests and (3) Choosing ANOVA, Friedman or Bootstrap can produce di erent conclusions in experiments involving actual data from machine learning task

Materials per a la presa de decisions durant el treball autònom de l'alumne

La formació del traductor especialitzat inclou tant matèries sobre l'aprofundiment i pràctica en traducció com matèries de caire instrumental. L'objectiu d'aquestes matèries, com no podia ser de cap altra manera, és el de contribuir al desenvolupament de les competències necessàries per exercir la professió traductora. El contingut de totes aquestes assignatures es complementa, ja que sovint presenten diferents metodologies per abordar problemes de traducció i la seva resolució. Tanmateix, en tractar-se de continguts de diferents assignatures, sovint els alumnes no els assimilen de forma conjunta, cosa que perjudica el desenvolupament de les seves competències estratègiques en tant que futurs professionals. Per aquest motiu hem dissenyat uns instruments formatius i d'autoavaluació pensats per ser utilitzats de forma autònoma per l'alumne durant el seu treball individual que vinculen els continguts de diferents assignatures: Terminologia Aplicada a la Traducció (assignatura obligatòria, 8 crèdits), Traducció Especialitzada B1 i B2 anglès-castellà/català (assignatures troncals, en total 12 crèdits) i Seminari de Traducció Especialitzada Inversa castellà-anglès (assignatura tronca, 6 crèdits). L'estructura d'aquests materials esta basada en una categorització de problemes de traducció, de manera que per cada problema es recull una descripció acurada, l'apropament al problema des de les diferents matèries i les diferents propostes o estratègies de solució, a més d'un petit exercici d'autoavaluació. A més, donat el seu format web i, per tant, hipertextual, l'accés als materials es pot realitzar tant des de cadascuna de les categories de problemes previstes com des de les assignatures o els exercicis d'autoavaluació. Aquesta estructuració fa que els materials es converteixin en un potent instrument per a l'adquisició de coneixement declaratiu i procedimental que permeten desenvolupar estratègies per al reconeixement i resolució dels problemes de traducció que els alumnes poden trobar durant el desenvolupament del seu treball autònom. Aquest projecte, denominat Dossier docent i d'aprenentatge en Terminologia i Traducció Especialitzada, està finançat per la convocatòria de Millora de la Qualitat Docent (2005MQD 00152)

Magnetic structure and magneto-volume anomalies in Er2Fe17 compound

5th Meeting of the Spanish Neutron Scattering AssociationNeutron powder diffraction shows that the intermetallic Er2Fe17 compound with hexagonal crystal structure has a ferrimagnetic ground state (TC = 303 K). At T = 5 K the magnetic moments of Fe sublattice (μ ~ 2 μB) are therefore antiparalell to those of the Er one (μ ~ 9 μB), all of them lying on the basal plane. This compound exhibits strong magnetovolume effects up to temperatures in the vicinity of TC. Neutron thermo-diffraction experiments also show an anomalous temperature dependence of the cell volume, including a negative thermal expansion coefficient below 300 K. In addition, a positive spontaneous volume magnetostriction is observed up to T ~ 400 K, with a maximum (ωS ~ 0.02) located at T = 5 K

Los biosólidos de aguas residuales urbanas en el contenido de metales pesados en un suelo cultivado de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill).

Con el objetivo de evaluar el impacto de la aplicación de biosólidos de aguas residuales urbanas en la concentración de metales pesados (MP) en el sistema suelo-planta y la composición microbiológica del suelo, se realizó el presente trabajo en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA), La Habana, Cuba. La aplicación de biosólidos en el suelo Ferralítico Rojo compactado incrementó el contenido cobre (Cu), níquel (Ni) y cinc (Zn) en los sustratos; mientras que, el contenido de hierro (Fe) y manganeso (Mn) disminuyó, comportamiento que mantuvo la misma tendencia al evaluar los diferentes órganos de las plantas. Se destaca que las concentraciones de MP encontradas en los sustratos y los órganos vegetales no representaron riesgos de fitotoxicidad ya que fueron inferiores a los niveles considerados como máximos permisibles para este tipo de suelo y para las plantas de tomate

Economic assessment of strategies to deploy publicly accessible charging infrastructure

From the end user perspective, the main barriers for widespread electric vehicle (EV) adoption are high purchase cost and range anxiety, both regarding battery capacity and availability of accessible EV charging infrastructure. Governments and public bodies in general are taking steps towards overcoming these barriers by, among others, setting up regulatory requirements regarding standardisation, customer information and recommending objectives of publicly accessible charging infrastructure. However, the economic performance of publicly accessible charging infrastructure is unknown and any deployment plan should be backed up by a rigorous cost-benefit analysis, to check the efficiency of the plan in economic terms. This paper presents the results of the economic assessment performed within the FP7 EU-funded Green eMotion project, where relevant conclusions for helping industry strategic approach and decision makers have been taken.European Commission's FP

Targeting AMP-activated kinase impacts hepatocellular cancer stem cells induced by long-term treatment with sorafenib

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. HCC treatment is hindered by the frequent emergence of chemoresistance to the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib, which has been related to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that self‐renew and often escape therapy. The key metabolic sensor AMP‐activated kinase (AMPK) has recently been recognized as a tumour growth regulator. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of AMPK in the development of a stem cell phenotype in HCC cells. To this end, we enriched the CSC population in HCC cell lines that showed increased expression of drug resistance (ALDH1A1, ABCB1A) and stem cell (CD133, Nanog, Oct4, alpha fetoprotein) markers and demonstrated their stemness phenotype. These cells were refractory to sorafenib‐induced cell death. We report that sorafenib‐resistant cells had lower levels of total and phosphorylated AMPK as well as its downstream substrate, ACC, compared with the parental cells. Interestingly, AMPK knockdown with siRNA or inhibition with dorsomorphin increased the expression of stem cell markers in parental cells and blocked sorafenib‐induced cell death. Conversely, the upregulation of AMPK, either by transfection or by pharmacological activation with A‐769662, decreased the expression of ALDH1A1, ABCB1A, CD133, Nanog, Oct4, and alpha fetoprotein, and restored sensitivity to sorafenib. Analysis of the underlying mechanism points to hypoxia‐inducible factor HIF‐1α as a regulator of stemness. In vivo studies in a xenograft mouse model demonstrated that stem‐like cells have greater tumourigenic capacity. AMPK activation reduced xenograft tumour growth and decreased the expression of stem cell markers. Taken together, these results indicate that AMPK may serve as a novel target to overcome chemoresistance in HCC

Early epigenetic cancer decisions

A cancer dogma states that inactivation of oncogene(s) can cause cancer remission, implying that oncogenes are the Achilles' heel of cancers. This current model of cancer has kept oncogenes firmly in focus as therapeutic targets and is in agreement with the fact that in human cancers all cancerous cells, with independence of the cellular heterogeneity existing within the tumour, carry the same oncogenic genetic lesions. However, recent studies of the interactions between an oncogene and its target cell have shown that oncogenes contribute to cancer development via developmental reprogramming of the epigenome within the target cell. These results provide the first evidence that carcinogenesis can be initiated by epigenetic stem cell reprogramming, and uncover a new role for oncogenes in the origin of cancer. Here we analyse these evidences and discuss how this vision offers new avenues for developing novel anti-cancer interventions.Research in our group is partially supported by FEDER and by MICINN (SAF2012-32810), by NIH grant (R01 CA109335-04A1), by the ARIMMORA project (FP7-ENV-2011, European Union Seventh Framework Program), by Junta de Castilla y Leon (BIO/SA06/13), and by the Deutsche José Carreras Leukämie-Stiftung (DJCLS project 13/26). All Spanish funding is co-sponsored by the European Union FEDER program. ISG is an API lab of the EuroSyStem project and a partner within the Marie Curie Initial Training Network DECIDE (Decision-making within cells and differentiation entity therapies) funded by the European Union’s Seventh Programme under grant agreement n° 315902.Peer Reviewe

An effective solution for a real cutting stock problem in manufacturing plastic rolls

We confront a practical cutting stock problem from a production plant of plastic rolls. The problem is a variant of the well-known one dimensional cutting stock, with particular constraints and optimization criteria defined by the experts of the company. We start by giving a problem formulation in which optimization criteria have been considered in linear hierarchy according to expert preferences, and then propose a heuristic solution based on a GRASP algorithm. The generation phase of this algorithm solves a simplified version which is rather similar to the conventional one dimensional cutting stock. To do that, we propose a Sequential Heuristic Randomized Procedure (SHRP). Then in the repairing phase, the solution of the simplified problem is transformed into a solution to the real problem. For experimental study we have chosen a set of problem instances of com-mon use to compare SHRP with another recent approach. Also, we show by means of examples, how our approach works over instances taken from the real production proces