Sistema de energía solar fotovoltaica aislado para vivienda unifamiliar aislada

El objetivo del presente Trabajo Fin de Grado es diseñar un sistema de energía solar fotovoltaica para una vivienda unifamiliar aislada de modo que sea autosuficiente energéticamente mediante un sistema fotovoltaico. Un sistema fotovoltaico completo, con gran capacidad de acumulación, puede garantizar un suministro fiable hasta varios días con ausencia de sol, y con una inversión mucho inferior al coste de hacer llegar la red eléctrica al emplazamiento. Para conseguir un suministro de corriente absolutamente fiable, se incorporará al sistema un grupo electrógeno de apoyo. Así se garantiza que, en el caso extremo de que los acumuladores se queden sin energía, el sistema pueda seguir suministrando electricidad.Ingeniería Eléctric

Men who have sex with men: An approach to social network analysis

[EN] Background: Dating apps for men who have sex with men (MSM) have favored unprotected sexual encounters; other unsafe practices, including drug use, are widespread. No evidence is available from the perspective of the structure of their relationships, a personal aspect included in all nursing meta-paradigms. Aim: To study the structure of MSM networks through dating and contact applications and this relationship to risky sexual activities such as condom use, chemsex (sex while using drug), and group sex. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Sample: A total of 32 MSM participants from Madrid (Spain). Measurements: Socio-demographic and structural variables with Social Network Analysis (SNA) metrics. Data on condom use, drug use during encounters, and group sex were included. Results: Twenty-five percent of respondents practiced chemsex, and 75% of these used poppers. MSM with higher socioeconomic status participated in group sex sessions more frequently than those with lower socioeconomics. Within the network analysis, the relationships strong showed greater ease in having unprotected anal intercourse. Conclusion: SNA can be effective in the study of MSM sexual networks and their risk behaviors for community nurses to improve their interventions in sexual health promotionS

Quality of life and social support during pregnancy in Spanish population. A longitudinal study

[EN]Background: The quality of life and social support during pregnancy are two variables influencing the health of pregnants and neonates. The documented impact of these variables on mental health, specifically the risk of depression, is notable.Aim: To investigate the evolution of quality of life and social support at the beginning and end of pregnancy in pregnant women, and to examine the relationship between these variables. Methods: The proposed longitudinal study includes 188 pregnants from a northern region of Spain. Participants were selected through consecutive sampling from September 2021 to April 2023. Quality of life and social support will be assessed in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy using the SF-36 questionnaire and MOS-SSS questionnaire, respectively. Findings: The questionnaires show strong internal consistency (α = 0.91 and 0.97). Quality of life changes during pregnancy, declining in the physical component and rising in the mental component towards the end. Primiparous women have higher quality of life. Depression risk is 29.8 % in the 1st trimester, dropping to 22.9 % in the 3rd trimester. Social support decreases in the 3rd trimester, particularly among unmarried women. Significant positive correlations exist between quality of life and social support. Conclusion: This study emphasizes notable variations in quality of life and social support during pregnancy, impacting the health of pregnant individuals and neonates. Proposing standardization in monitoring these factors during prenatal check-ups aims to improve the physical and mental health of pregnant individuals and newborns.S

Elaboración de subproductos a base de gránulo de caucho

En el contexto nacional, el incremento en la producción de neumáticos se ha convertido en un foco de contaminación. “Para el año 2008, la generación de residuos de llantas se estimó en 61.000 toneladas al año” (Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, 2010) y “un aumento cada vez mayor debido al crecimiento del parque automotor” (Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, 2017).Por lo anterior, se hace necesario implementar un plan de reutilización de los neumáticos. El objetivo del presente estudio es reutilizar los neumáticos para la obtención de caucho y elaboración de subproductos como tabletas, materas y tapetes como una iniciativa de elaboración de subproductos eco-amigables, buscando especificar propiedades que se quieren obtener de nuestro producto y de igual modo definir las características que se tendrán en cuenta para la obtención de resultados de calidad. Los compactados de resina de poliuretano con gránulo de caucho son una herramienta promisoria y versátil para la elaboración de subproductos como tabletas, materas y tapetes.AbstractIn the national context, the increase in production of tires has become a focus of contamination. “For the year 2008, the generation of tire waste was estimated at 61,000 tons per year” (Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development, 2010) and “an ever-expanding increase due to the growth of the automobile industry“ (Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, 2017).Therefore, it has become necessary to implement a tire reutilization plan. The objective of the present study is to reuse the tires to obtain rubber and produce by-products such as tablets, pots and mats as an initiative to produce eco-friendly by-products, seeking to specify properties that we want to obtain from our product and likewise define the characteristics that will be taken into account to obtain quality results. The units of compacted polyurethane resin with rubber granule is a promising and versatile tool for the production of by-products such as tablets, pots and mats

Elaboración de subproductos a base de gránulo de caucho

En el contexto nacional, el incremento en la producción de neumáticos se ha convertido en un foco de contaminación. “Para el año 2008, la generación de residuos de llantas se estimó en 61.000 toneladas al año” (Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, 2010) y “un aumento cada vez mayor debido al crecimiento del parque automotor” (Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, 2017).Por lo anterior, se hace necesario implementar un plan de reutilización de los neumáticos. El objetivo del presente estudio es reutilizar los neumáticos para la obtención de caucho y elaboración de subproductos como tabletas, materas y tapetes como una iniciativa de elaboración de subproductos eco-amigables, buscando especificar propiedades que se quieren obtener de nuestro producto y de igual modo definir las características que se tendrán en cuenta para la obtención de resultados de calidad. Los compactados de resina de poliuretano con gránulo de caucho son una herramienta promisoria y versátil para la elaboración de subproductos como tabletas, materas y tapetes.AbstractIn the national context, the increase in production of tires has become a focus of contamination. “For the year 2008, the generation of tire waste was estimated at 61,000 tons per year” (Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development, 2010) and “an ever-expanding increase due to the growth of the automobile industry“ (Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, 2017).Therefore, it has become necessary to implement a tire reutilization plan. The objective of the present study is to reuse the tires to obtain rubber and produce by-products such as tablets, pots and mats as an initiative to produce eco-friendly by-products, seeking to specify properties that we want to obtain from our product and likewise define the characteristics that will be taken into account to obtain quality results. The units of compacted polyurethane resin with rubber granule is a promising and versatile tool for the production of by-products such as tablets, pots and mats

Proteinuria-lowering effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors in chronic kidney disease patients : a real-world multicentric study

Control of dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not always guaranteed with statins and/or ezetimibe. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) have opened up a new era in lipid control, but their effect on renal function and proteinuria in real life have not yet been evaluated. The aim of the present study was to analyze the evolution of renal function and proteinuria in a cohort of CKD patients treated with PCSK9i. This retrospective multicentric cohort study included CKD patients treated with PCSK9i. Baseline epidemiological data, comorbidities and laboratory findings (including estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], proteinuria and lipid profile) were collected. The evolution of renal function, proteinuria and lipid profile was analyzed during the 1-year follow-up. The cohort included 76 patients (68% male, mean age 66 ± 10 years). The mean baseline creatinine was 1.55 ± 0.77 mg/dL, and the mean eGFR was 52 ± 22 mL/min/1.73 m2. Reductions in LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglycerides during the first month were 51 ± 25%, 32 ± 25% and 11 ± 40%, respectively, levels that remained stable throughout the first year (p < 0.001 for LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol trends and p = 0.002 for triglyceride trend). During follow-up, proteinuria improved from 57 (9-481) to 30 (7-520) mg/g (p = 0.021). In addition, eGFR remained stable, and no adverse events were reported. In our cohort, dyslipidemia treatment with PCSK9i was associated with decreased proteinuria in CKD patients, an effect that might be due to reduced lipid nephrotoxicity. Clinical trials are needed to further investigate whether this impact on proteinuria can significantly slow CKD progression in the long term

Secuencias de cultivo alternativas para incrementar el potencial forrajero y productividad del agua

Intensification of forage production during fall-winter season may improve productivity of cropping systems. The objective of this study was to determine the forage potential and water productivity (WP) of alternative crop sequences with double-crop during fall-winter season. The study was conducted during 2012-2013 y 2013-2014 cycles in Matamoros, Coahuila, México. The alternative crop sequences canola-triticale-corn, canola-barley-corn, canola-safflower-corn and canola-triticale-pearl millet were compared with the conventional crop sequences oat-corn-corn and oat-sorghum-sorghum. Forage chemical composition, dry matter (DM) and nutrient yields, and WP values for DM, crude protein (CP) and net energy for lactation (NEL) production were determined. Alternative crop sequences showed higher yields (11.4-53.3 %) and superior WP values (23.1-58.9 %) in CP production (P0.05) or higher (P0.05) o mayores (P<0.05) a los de la secuencia avena-maíz-maíz con 1.65-1.99 kg m-3 para MS y 11.09-13.72 MJ m-3 para ENL. Los resultados indican que las secuencias alternativas con doble cosecha en otoño-invierno pueden mejorar la eficiencia de producción de forraje

Sleep-disordered breathing, circulating exosomes, and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes

Background: Sleep-disordered-breathing (SDB), which is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) and sleep fragmentation (SF), is a prevalent condition that promotes metabolic dysfunction, particularly among patients suffering from obstructive hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). Exosomes are generated ubiquitously, are readily present in the circulation, and their cargo may exert substantial functional cellular alterations in both physiological and pathological conditions. However, the effects of plasma exosomes on adipocyte metabolism in patients with OHS or in mice subjected to IH or SF mimicking SDB are unclear. Methods: Exosomes from fasting morning plasma samples from obese adults with polysomnographically-confirmed OSA before and after 3 months of adherent CPAP therapy were assayed. In addition, C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to (1) sleep control (SC), (2) sleep fragmentation (SF), and (3) intermittent hypoxia (HI) for 6 weeks, and plasma exosomes were isolated. Equivalent exosome amounts were added to differentiated adipocytes in culture, after which insulin sensitivity was assessed using 0 nM and 5 nM insulin-induced pAKT/AKT expression changes by western blotting. Results: When plasma exosomes were co-cultured and internalized by human naive adipocytes, significant reductions emerged in Akt phosphorylation responses to insulin when compared to exosomes obtained after 24 months of adherent CPAP treatment (n = 24; p < 0.001), while no such changes occur in untreated patients (n = 8). In addition, OHS exosomes induced significant increases in adipocyte lipolysis that were attenuated after CPAP, but did not alter pre-adipocyte differentiation. Similarly, exosomes from SF- and IH-exposed mice induced attenuated p-AKT/total AKT responses to exogenous insulin and increased glycerol content in naive murine adipocytes, without altering pre-adipocyte differentiation. Conclusions: Using in vitro adipocyte-based functional reporter assays, alterations in plasma exosomal cargo occur in SDB, and appear to contribute to adipocyte metabolic dysfunction. Further exploration of exosomal miRNA signatures in either human subjects or animal models and their putative organ and cell targets appears warranted

Exercise training modulates the gut microbiota profile and impairs inflammatory signaling pathways in obese children

[EN] Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels and is a serious health concern associated with metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and gut microbiota alterations. Physical exercise is known to counteract obesity progression and modulate the gut microbiota composition. This study aims to determine the effect of a 12-week strength and endurance combined training program on gut microbiota and inflammation in obese pediatric patients. Thirty-nine obese children were assigned randomly to the control or training group. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, muscular strength, and inflammatory signaling pathways in mononuclear cells were evaluated. Bacterial composition and functionality were determined by massive sequencing and metabolomic analysis. Exercise reduced plasma glucose levels and increased dynamic strength in the upper and lower extremities compared with the obese control group. Metagenomic analysis revealed a bacterial composition associated with obesity, showing changes at the phylum, class, and genus levels. Exercise counteracted this profile, significantly reducing the Proteobacteria phylum and Gammaproteobacteria class. Moreover, physical activity tended to increase some genera, such as Blautia, Dialister, and Roseburia, leading to a microbiota profile similar to that of healthy children. Metabolomic analysis revealed changes in short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, and several sugars in response to exercise, in correlation with a specific microbiota profile. Finally, the training protocol significantly inhibited the activation of the obesity-associated NLRP3 signaling pathway. Our data suggest the existence of an obesity-related deleterious microbiota profile that is positively modified by physical activity intervention. Exercise training could be considered an efficient nonpharmacological therapy, reducing inflammatory signaling pathways induced by obesity in children via microbiota modulation.This work was supported by grants from Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (BFU2017–87960-R), Junta de Castilla y León and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (LE063U16 and GRS1888/A/18). CIBERehd is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. B.E and M.J.F were supported by a fellowship from Ministerio de Educación (FPU15/05051 and FPU18/06257). E.N. was supported by Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria of León. D.P. was supported by a fellowship from Junta de Castilla y León, cofinanced by the European Social Fund