Holistic Approach to the Restoration of a Vandalized Monument: The Cross of the Inquisition, Seville City Hall, Spain

The Cross of the Inquisition, sculpted in 1903 and raised on a column with a fluted shaft and ornamented with vegetable garlands, is located in a corner of the Plateresque façade of the Seville City Hall. The Cross was vandalized in September 2019 and the restoration concluded in September 2021. A geological and microbiological study was carried out in a few small fragments. The data are consistent with the exposure of the Cross of the Inquisition to an urban environment for more than 100 years. During that time, a lichen community colonized the Cross and the nearby City Hall façades. The lichens, bryophytes and fungi colonizing the limestone surface composed an urban community, regenerated from the remains of the original communities, after superficial cleaning of the limestone between 2008 and 2010. This biological activity was detrimental to the integrity of the limestone, as showed by the pitting and channels, which evidence the lytic activity of organisms on the stone surface. Stone consolidation was achieved with Estel 1000. Preventol RI80, a biocide able to penetrate the porous limestone and active against bacteria, fungi, lichens, and bryophytes, was applied in the restoration.The research was funded by Atelier Samthiago and the restoration of the Cross of the Inquisition was supported by the Seville City Hall

Determinação de arsênio total e de sua especiação química em produtos à base de arroz e isentos de glúten

Introduction: Arsenic (As) is a chemical element known to be carcinogenic and capable of contaminating humans through water and food. Among foods, rice has significant importance due to its high consumption and capacity to accumulate As under its various chemical species, which determine As biological effects. For this reason, the intake of this element is regulated nationally and internationally. As different arsenical species have different toxicities, it is important to determine each one in the food. Objective:This study aimed to verify the existence and measure the significance of matrix effects on the results of chemical speciation in samples of rice-based products. Method: The total As concentration in the 15 samples of products derived from rice were analyzed by ICP/MS and the chemical speciation by HPLC-ICP/MS. Results:The total As concentrations were between 31.6 and 311.6 mg kg-1 and 2 samples were above the recommended limits. The chemical species As (II), MMA, DMA and As (V) were determined and the sum of their concentrations produced results compatible with the declared values in certified materials and with the total As in products with simple composition. However, greater variability (13 to 97%) was observed in samples containing proteins, fibers, carbohydrates and fats. Conclusions: The presence of fibers, proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the food formulation negatively impacted the results and confirms the need for further studies to overcome these interferences.  Introdução: O arsênio (As) é um elemento químico reconhecidamente carcinogênico capaz de contaminar o homem por meio das águas e dos alimentos. Dentre os alimentos, o arroz tem significativa importância devido ao seu elevado consumo e à sua capacidade de acumular As sob diversas espécies químicas, as quais determinam os seus efeitos biológicos. Por esta razão, a ingestão desse elemento é regulada nacional e internacionalmente. Como as diferentes espécies arsenicais possuem diferentes toxicidades, é importante a determinação de cada uma nos alimentos. Objetivo: Verificar a existência e dimensionar a significância de efeitos matriciais sobre os resultados da especiação química em amostras de produtos à base de arroz. Método: A concentração de As total nas 15 amostras de produtos derivados do arroz foi analisada por ICP/MS e a especiação química por HPLCICP/MS. Resultados: As concentrações de As total situaram-se entre 31,6 e 311,6 mg.kg-1 e duas amostras encontravam-se acima dos limites recomendados. As espécies químicas As (II), MMA, DMA e As (V) foram determinadas e o somatório de suas concentrações produziu resultados compatíveis com os valores declarados nos materiais certificados e com a concentração de As total nos produtos de composição simples. No entanto, observou-se maior variabilidade (13% a 97%) para amostras complexas contendo fibras, carboidratos, proteínas e gorduras. Conclusões: A presença na formulação dos alimentos de fibras, proteínas, óleos e carboidratos, nesta ordem, impactou negativamente os resultados obtidos e confirma a necessidade de mais estudos para superar estas interferências.

Qualitative Research in Nursing: Bibliometric Study

In this study, we explored the production of qualitative nursing research in program repositories evaluated by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel in Brazil, with concepts six and seven. We utilized a bibliometric study in which we considered Brazilian theses and dissertations with qualitative methodology published in 2018 and 2019 with qualitative methodology. In the 100 papers, 79 theses, and 13 dissertations, we identified that the types of studies that stood out were phenomenology, the wording of the objectives predominantly used the verbs “understand,” and “analyze,” and the instruments and techniques used were semi-structured interviews which present the analysis technique of the author Bardin, highlighting publications on public health. We conclude that our study evidences the importance of using a qualitative approach in nursing and emphasizes the need to pay attention to the theoretical framework, as well as analysis aspects adopted in different types of qualitative studies

Delimitación de ambientes edáficos en suelos de la pampa deprimida mediante la conductividad eléctrica aparente y la elevación

Los suelos de la Pampa Deprimida presentan una elevada heterogeneidad espacial. Por ende, una alternativa para el manejo de los mismos podría ser la incorporación de las técnicas de manejo por ambientes (MA). Por ello, nuestro objetivo fue medir la conductividad eléctrica aparente (CEa) y la elevación, relacionarlas con diferentes parámetros edáficos y evaluar si permiten delimitar áreas edáficas homogéneas. En dos lotes localizados en General Madariaga, se midieron y georreferenciaron la CEa y la elevación con un sensor de medición directa (Geonics EM38) y un DGPS respectivamente. Con los datos obtenidos se confeccionaron mapas de estas variables utilizando técnicas de interpolación espacial. Se tomaron muestras de suelo georreferenciadas en las que se midió materia orgánica (MO), humedad gravimétrica, conductividad eléctrica del extracto de saturación (CEe), pH y capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC). Las propiedades de suelo y la CEa fueron medidas hasta los 50 cm de profundidad del suelo. La CEe, el pH y la humedad gravimétrica presentaron una relación estrecha con la CEa (r2=0,77; 0,55 y 0,52, respectivamente). En cambio, la MO y la CIC mostraron un grado de ajuste inferior (r2=0,27 y 0,33, respectivamente). Se realizaron mapas de los lotes dividiéndolos en la cantidad de zonas edáficas determinadas mediante un análisis de clúster multivariado y se realizó un ANVA a las variables de suelo analizadas en función de cada una de estas zonas. Esto permitió determinar que la CEa y la elevación serían herramientas útiles para delimitar ambientes edáficos en suelos de aptitud ganadera de la Pampa Deprimida. Se sugiere continuar con futuras investigaciones para corroborar estos resultados preliminares.In the Flooding Pampas, spatial variability of soil types at farm and field scale is usually very high. We evaluated whether apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and elevation are a potential estimator of soil properties and their possible use as tools for the delimitation of homogeneous edaphic zones. In two sites located in General Madariaga, ECa data was collected with a non-contact, electromagnetic induction-based ECa sensor (Geonics EM38) and elevation data was collected using a DGPS. This data was used to create ECa maps in both fields using spatial interpolation methods. Soil samples were georeferenced and were analyzed for soil organic matter (SOM), electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe), moisture content, pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Soil properties and ECa were measured at the 0-50 cm soil depth. ECe, pH and moisture content exhibited a higher correlation with ECa (r2=0,77; 0,55 and 0,52 respectively), than SOM and CEC (r2=0,27 and 0,33 respectively). ECa and elevation data were jointly analyzed for edaphic zones delineation using MZA software. The ANOVA showed that ECa and elevation successfully delimited edaphic zones associated with spatial distribution of soil properties in soils of the Flooding Pampas. However, further experimentation is necessary to confirm these findings.Fil: Cicore, Pablo Leandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez, Hernán Raúl. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Peralta, Nahuel Raúl. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Castro Franco, Mauricio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Aparicio, Virginia Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Costa, Jose Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentin

Co-design of sectoral climate services based on seasonal prediction information in the Mediterranean

We present in this contribution the varied experiences gathered in the co-design of a sectoral climate services collection, developed in the framework of the MEDSCOPE project, which have in common the application of seasonal predictions for the Mediterranean geographical and climatic region. Although the region is affected by low seasonal predictability limiting the skill of seasonal forecasting systems, which historically has hindered the development of downstream services, the project was originally conceived to exploit windows of opportunity with enhanced skill for developing and evaluating climate services in various sectors with high societal impact in the region: renewable energy, hydrology, and agriculture and forestry. The project also served as the scientific branch of the WMO-led Mediterranean Climate Outlook Forum (MedCOF) that had as objective -among others- partnership strengthening on climate services between providers and users within the Mediterranean region. The diversity of the MEDSCOPE experiences in co-designing shows the wide range of involvement and engagement of users in this process across the Mediterranean region, which benefits from the existing solid and organized MedCOF community of climate services providers and users. A common issue among the services described here -and also among other prototypes developed in the project- was related with the communication of forecasts uncertainty and skill for efficiently informing decision-making in practice. All MEDSCOPE project prototypes make use of an internally developed software package containing process-based methods for synthesising seasonal forecast data, as well as basic and advanced tools for obtaining tailored products. Another challenge assumed by the project refers to the demonstration of the economic, social, and environmental value of predictions provided by these MEDSCOPE prototypes.The work described in this paper has received funding from the MEDSCOPE project co-funded by the European Commission as part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate, grant agreement 690462