Symbolic representation of scenarios in Bologna airport on virtual reality concept

This paper is a part of a big Project named Retina Project, which is focused in reduce the workload of an ATCO. It uses the last technological advances as Virtual Reality concept. The work has consisted in studying the different awareness situations that happens daily in Bologna Airport. It has been analysed one scenario with good visibility where the sun predominates and two other scenarios with poor visibility where the rain and the fog dominate. Due to the study of visibility in the three scenarios computed, the conclusion obtained is that the overlay must be shown with a constant dimension regardless the position of the aircraft to be readable by the ATC and also, the frame and the flight strip should be coloured in a showy colour (like red) for a better control by the ATCO

La responsabilidad civil, penal y administrativa del empresario en materia de prevención de riesgos laborales

La historia del derecho prevencionista tiene orígenes remotos, si bien sus antecedentes histórico-legislativos son un poco más recientes. En Grecia y Roma también encontramos atisbos de legislación prevencionista, sin constituir un conjunto homogéneo de normas sobre Ia materia, si bien más avanzado que el de los griegos. Una evolución de siglos nos ha llevado al actual Estado social en que se dota a los trabajadores de medios suficientes para prevenir los riesgos originados en ocasión o como consecuencia de sus tareas peculiares. Se convierte así el empresario en un deudor de seguridad para con el trabajador, por ello tiene éste obligación de emplear todos los medios posibles de seguridad en beneficio de sus trabajadores.The history of prevencionista law has ancient origins, although its historical legislative history is a little more recent. In Greece and Rome also find glimpses of prevencionista legislation, without constituting a homogeneous set of rules, although more advanced than the Greeks. An evolution of centuries has led to the current social state in which workers are empowered enough to prevent risks arising from or as a consequence of their particular tasks. This becomes the employer in a debtor safety to the worker, why has this obligation to use all means of security for the benefit of its employees

Las confesiones religiosas y su autonomía según el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos humanos

Aunque el Convenio Europeo de Derecho Humanos no menciona a las confesiones religiosas, la jurisprudencia de los órganos judiciales de Estrasburgo les ha reconocido los derechos a obtener la personalidad jurídica civil, así como a la autonomía. Esta última implica el derecho a tener unas creencias propias, la defensa de éstas frente a sus miembros disidentes y la libertad de nombrar a los propios ministros de culto sin injerencia de las autoridades estatales. La autonomía comporta asimismo el derecho de las confesiones a tener lugares idóneos, libre y autónomamente gestionados para el ejercicio público del culto. Finalmente, en virtud del reconocimiento de su autonomía, las confesiones tienen derecho a poseer un patrimonio y pueden obtener en algunos supuestos beneficios económicos otorgados por los Estados, para poder así garantizar a sus fieles el ejercicio colectivo de la libertad religios

High Vapor Transport Deposition: A Novel Process to Develop Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1–x)4 Thin Film Solar Cells

Kesterite thin film solar cells are known to be a promising cost-effective solution because they are based on earth-abundant and environmental compounds. However, it is known that their best efficiency (12.6%) has not been improved since 2013, meanwhile other thin-film solar cells have demonstrated that their performance has been enhanced continuously. The main drawbacks to explain this situation is the narrow process window of this compound and simultaneously, the high composition and thermal control needed to avoid intrinsic defects in the p-type layer. The high vapor transport deposition process has not been explored yet by kesterite thin film solar cell developers. Herein, we present the results obtained using a design of a new vacuum deposition method similar to close space sublimation, which reported excellent results in CdTe. The main advantages of this novel process are: 1) to achieve a high deposition rate; 2) to be able to deposit precursor materials and to carry out the sulfur-selenization in the same process chamber, avoiding the two steps used in the sequential process; 3) to provide a high accuracy in the chemical composition control; and 4) simple design using commercial components to facilitate its scalability for large production

Angular Dependence of Photonic Crystal Coupled to Photovoltaic Solar Cell

Photonic crystals have the advantage of minimizing thermal losses from solar cells, reflecting the solar radiation that is not absorbed by the photovoltaic device. To optimize this optical response, photonic crystals are designed considering the relative position of the Bragg peak and the bandgap of the solar cell, under normal incident irradiation conditions. The aim of this research article was to determine experimentally the optical limits of a solar cell coupled to a photonic crystal acting as beam splitter. For that purpose, the photovoltaic system was characterized under indoor and outdoor conditions; angular dependence of the irradiation source was determined in each case, and both results were compared with good agreement. Moreover, other parameters such as irradiation spectrum and polarization of the light were investigated. The main conclusion is that photovoltaic performance is highly affected by the Bragg peak shifting and the profile is distorted, due to the angular dependence with the sun. These experimental limits must be considered at the early design stage to avoid performance losses

Influence of Degradation Processes in Lead–Acid Batteries on the Technoeconomic Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems

Most technoeconomic feasibility studies of photovoltaic (PV) systems with batteries are mainly focused on the load demand, PV system profiles, total system costs, electricity price, and the remuneration rate. Nevertheless, most do not emphasise the influence degradation process such as corrosion, sulphation, stratification, active material seeding, and gassing on battery lifetime, efficiency, and capacity. In this paper, it is analysed the influence of the degradation processes in lead–acid batteries on the technoeconomic analysis of PV systems with and without battery. Results show that Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period (PBP), and Discounted PayBack Period (DPBP) have a heavy dependence on the assumptions about the value of the battery performance parameters according to its degradation processes. Results show NPV differences in the range from −307% to 740%, PBP differences in the range from 9% to 188%, and DPBP differences in the range from 0% to 211%

Análisis legal y jurisprudencial en el ordenamiento civil común español de la categoría jurídica de la nulidad parcial del testamento

El trabajo trata de situar, primeramente, la figura tratada dentro de su contexto histórico y de la teoría general de la invalidez del negocio jurídico, la cual se trata en cierto detalle. Dentro de la construcción conceptual, la naturaleza jurídica y las premisas/presupuestos de aplicación son objeto de tratamiento a la par que la problemática que envuelve la figura y sus manifestaciones o maneras de aparecer, así como los efectos que produce. Se incluye el tratamiento en el derecho comparado y en nuestra jurisprudencia

Breves reflexiones sobre las particularidades de los límites y protección de la propiedad intelectual en la actualidad

La producción artística, protegida por los derechos de la propiedad intelectual, es un pilar de nuestra sociedad. Los artistas deben recibir una remuneración por sus creaciones, pero los ciudadanos han de poder tener acceso a los contenidos culturales en las condiciones económicas más ventajosas posibles. En este artículo buscamos sentar ciertas bases sobre las que pueda sustentarse un equilibrio entre ambos intereses contrapuestos.Artistic output is protected by intellectual property legislation, this is an undisputed fact, and artists must be paid for their work. But the people also have a right to access cultural contents at the lowest possible cost. In this article we look for the basis that may sustain a fair equilibrium point between this opposed interests.peerReviewe