Worshipping Goddess as Mother in Tamil Literature

Human beings are afraid of natural disaster and that is how humans began to worship nature. So, man first started worshiping nature and gradually they started believing that all the things that happens in this world are caused by an invisible divine power. There the worship of man began. Based on the fact that every natural object has a power, the methods of worshiping the respective deities emerged by setting up abodes for it. Deity worship continues till today based on the feelings of devotion, gratitude and faith. Worshipping a deity will guide a man to lead a better life and it helps to mature the ignorant mind. More and more people are worshiping female deities more than worshipping male deities. Female deities are worshiped in abundance because of their respect for sex and forgiving nature like how a mother forgives her children. Through this we can understand how much importance Tamil people give to women and the worship of Mother Goddess

A case series of craniotomy in obstetric patients: a lifesaving treatment modality

BACKGROUND:Neurosurgical disorders are a significant cause of non-obstetric death and disability in pregnant women. They pose a unique therapeutic challenge. The changes in normal physiology during pregnancy add to the complexity of management. The common conditions encountered are intracranial hemorrhage, tumours, trauma and spinal pathologies. It is preferrable to wait until the third trimester if the indication is semi-elective.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here we present a prospective study of four cases , managed with neurosurgery in pregnancy and puerperium.RESULTS: Of the 4 cases two cases were craniotomy done for cortical vein thrombosis and two cases of excision of space occupying lesions.  CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy itself should not be considered a contra-indication to neurosurgery, which when considered early in some patients, proves to be life-saving

Cultivating critical and creative thinking skills through an integrated approach to the teaching of literary texts

This research addresses the issue of critical and creative thinking skills (henceforth abbreviated to CCTS) in relation to Malaysian secondary school students. The aim of this study is to show how CCTS can be cultivated in the Malaysian secondary schools. The study advocates an integrated approach, an approach which combines the reader response theory and stylistic analysis to the teaching of literary texts as a method of cultivating CCTS among Malaysian students

Yield and weed density of Blackgram (Vignamungo (L.) Hepper) as influenced by weed control methods

The study conducted with pre-emergent herbicides alone and with sequential application of post-emergent herbicides at All India Co-ordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Weed management, Gandhi KrishiVignyan Kendra (GKVK), Bangalore in late rabi season of 2013 revealed the predominance of grasses over broad leaved weeds in blackgram. Interculture @ 20 days after sowing (DAS) and hand weeding @ 40 DAS resulted in higher yield (1182 and 5873 kg ha-1 seed and haulm yield, respectively) and least weed density of 41.33 m-2 during harvest. Uncontrolled weed growth recorded maximum population (70.00 m-2). During initial days pendimethalin 30 EC @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 and alachlor 50 EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 recorded significantly least weed population of 29.33 m-2at p< 0.05 level of significance. Uncontrolled weed growth resulted in maximum reduction in yield of 65.64 per cent

Assessment of drug utilization among geriatric patients based on defined daily dose concept in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: The objectives of the study were to use the anatomical therapeutic chemical classification (ATC) /defined daily dose (DDD) concept to study the drug utilization pattern in geriatric patients in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: An observational study was conducted at Rajah Muthiah Medical College Hospital (OPD and IPD) over a period of six months from November 2018 to April 2019. The data was collected from 204 patients using specially designed data collection form. The patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 204 patients were included in this study. The study population consisting of males 130 (63.7%) and females 74 (36.2%). Diseases related to the cardiovascular system 67 (32.84%) were the most common cause for the geriatric patients to attend the hospital, followed by surgical diseases 47 (23.03%), Oncological diseases 2 (0.98%) were the least frequency encountered. The average number of drugs prescribed per prescription was 8.79. Out of 1795 drugs prescribed, 60.86% of drugs were prescribed in generic form, and 39.14% were prescribed in brand name. The study analysed that 71.25% of drugs prescribed were from essential drug list (EDL) 2016-2018. Number of prescriptions with an injection was 74.04%. Paracetamol (N02B01) was the most frequently prescribed drug, followed by Amlodipine (C08CA01), Dexamethasone (H02AB02), Clopidogrel (B01AC04), Ferrous sulfate (B03AA07), Acetylsalicylic acid (B01AC06), Hydrocortisone (H02AB09), Tamsulosin (G04CA02), Atorvastatin (C10AA05), Furosemide (C03CA01).Conclusions: Drug utilization study can help in evaluating the quality of care given to the geriatric patients and promote rational use of medicines

Enhanced thermoelectric performance in spark plasma textured bulk n-type BiTe2.7Se0.3 and p-type Bi0.5Sb 1.5Te3

Bulk p and n-type bismuth tellurides were prepared using spark plasma texturization method. The texture development along the uniaxial load in the 001 direction is confirmed from both x-ray diffraction analysis and electron backscattering diffraction measurements. Interestingly, those textured samples outperform the samples prepared by conventional spark plasma sintering (SPS) leading to a reduced thermal conductivity in the ab-plane. The textured samples of n-type BiTe2.7Se0.3 and p-type Bi0.5Sb 1.5Te3 showed a 42% and 33% enhancement in figure of merit at room temperature, respectively, as compared to their SPS counterparts, opening the route for applications. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC

Study on antibiotic use among geriatric patients based on anatomical therapeutic classification or defined daily dose methodology and world health organization-essential medicine list access, watch and reserve concept in tertiary care hospital of South India

Background: Geriatric patients are more vulnerable to infections and need special consideration on antibiotic use. Resistance to antibiotics among infectious bacteria has developed within a short span. There is a direct correlation between the consumption of antibiotics and the development of resistance. And surprisingly very few literatures were available on antibiotic consumption in geriatric population using defined daily dose (DDD) concept which paved the idea to conduct this study.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out from November 2018 to April 2019. A total of 206 prescriptions of elderly patients were included in the study. The antibiotics were categorized by anatomical therapeutic classification (ATC) and DDD indicator/1000 inhabitants/day (DID) was used to figure out antibiotic consumption.Results: About 25.2% of patients were treated with antibiotics for respiratory tract infections. The patients received antibiotics empirically (53.8%) and without bacteriological investigation (58.73%). The overall consumption of antibiotics was 20.47 DID in which oral antibiotics was (8.5 DID) 42% and parenteral antibiotics (11.8 DID) 58%. Cephalosporins was observed to be the most consumed antibiotics (33.2%), specifically cefotaxime (14.6%) and ceftriaxone (12.6%). Moreover, 54.4% of antibiotics consumed from watch category of World Health Organisation (WHO) essential medicines list (EML) which was completely against WHO standard proportion.Conclusions: Higher consumption of cephalosporins, which falls into watch category was analysed in geriatric patients. These broad-spectrum antibiotics have high potential to develop antimicrobial resistance. A strict antibiotic policy is needed to be framed that enhance rational prescribing practices in geriatrics

Participation of women in post harvest fisheries sector

Women in India are traditionally involved in agriculture, dairying, animal husbandry and fisheries. The fisheries sector makes an important contribution to the national economy with a share of 2.5% of the GDP providing food and employmen

Nutritional status and socioeconomic empowerment of fisherwomen in the coastal ecosystem of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India

This study was carried out in the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. From these states, 13 districts and 28 villages were selected. A total of 5,744 households were covered. Cereal consumption was highest in Andhra Pradesh followed by Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Pulse consumption was high in Kerala when compared to other states. The overall energy intake of the fisherwomen was 1,827 kcal/day; protein intake was 50.6 gm/day; carbohydrate intake was 343.5 gm/day; and fat intake was 27 gm/day. The mean intake of micronutrients was less than the recommended dietary allowance. The mean body mass index was 21.3. The nutritional status of the women was: 49% normal; 17% low normal; 10.5% mildly malnourished; 4% moderately malnourished; and 2.9% severely malnourished. About 11.5% of the fisherwomen were overweight and 4.6% were obese. A subsample of 915 women was clinically observed: 34.8% were diagnosed with angular stomatitis; 31 % with cheelosis; 42.8% with bleeding gums; and 44.2% with dry skin. Some 72% of the women were anemic. An assessment ofthe socioeconomic status indicated that very few households (15.4%) maintained livestock for income generation. About 60% of the fisherwomen carried out post-harvest activities to earn income. Food expenditure comprised 60.7% of the earned income contribvting to the major share of the spending. Debt servicing was a serious problem faced by 44.9% of the respondents who had procured loans mostly from non-institutional sources

Bench mark survey of selected villages

The research project "Studies on fisherwomen in the Coastal Ecosystems of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamilnadu" as carried out with an aim to Study the socio-economio, nutritional and health status of the fisherwomen besides imparting them raining, in alternate income generating activities to improve their standard of living. To facilitate the conduct of this project a benchmark survey was conducted and the basic information on different aspeots of the fisherwomen and general features such as physical and geographical, demographical and other related Information were collected. The Infonnation tnus collected reveal that the Andhra pradesh lies on the ess coast, Karnataka and Kerala lies on the wesl coast while Tamil Nadu covers both east and west coas