Research on the Correlations between Autonomic Nerve Activity and Cardiac Function and Consciousness Level during and after Open Heart Surgery

科学研究費補助金研究成果報告書研究種目: 一般研究(C)研究期間: 1993～1994課題番号: 05671115研究代表者: 田畑 良宏（滋賀医科大学・医学部・助教授）研究分担者: 松野 修一（滋賀医科大学・医学部・助手

Pathological and radiological correlation in an autopsy case of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema

We report an educational autopsy case of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. Radiological patterns of the upper lung were considered as mostly emphysema, but pathological observation revealed significant interstitial fibrosis of usual interstitial pneumonia as a major pathology. The patient eventually developed acute exacerbation of background interstitial pneumonia. Careful radiological and pathological correlation of the current case indicates that regions with distal acinar emphysema on computed tomography image may possess histologically marked dense fibrosis of lethal interstitial pneumonia

ハイヒョウメンカッセイブッシツニタイスルヒッスシボウサンケツボウノエイキョウニツイテノジッケンテキケンキュウ

京都大学0048新制・課程博士医学博士甲第2312号医博第543号新制||医||269(附属図書館)6100UT51-55-G7京都大学大学院医学研究科外科系専攻(主査)教授 佐川 弥之助, 教授 沼 正作, 教授 日笠 頼則学位規則第5条第1項該当Kyoto UniversityDA

Sexual versus Asexual Reproduction: Distinct Outcomes in Relative Abundance of Parthenogenetic Mealybugs following Recent Colonization

<div><p>Asexual reproduction, including parthenogenesis in which embryos develop within a female without fertilization, is assumed to confer advantages over sexual reproduction, which includes a “cost of males.” Sexual reproduction largely predominates in animals, however, indicating that this cost is outweighed by the genetic and/or ecological benefits of sexuality, including the acquisition of advantageous mutations occurring in different individuals and the elimination of deleterious mutations. But the evolution of sexual reproduction remains unclear, because we have limited examples that demonstrate the relative success of sexual lineages in the face of competition from asexual lineages in the same environment. Here we investigated a sympatric occurrence of sexual and asexual reproduction in the pineapple mealybug, <i>Dysmicoccus brevipes</i>. This pest invaded southwestern Japan, including Okinawa and Ishigaki Islands, in the 1930s in association with imported pineapple plants. Our recent censuses demonstrated that on Okinawa sexually reproducing individuals can coexist with and even dominate asexual individuals in the presence of habitat and resource competition, which is considered to be severe for this nearly immobile insect. Molecular phylogeny based on partial DNA sequences in the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, as well as the endosymbiotic bacterial genome, revealed that the asexual lineage diverged from a common sexual ancestor in the relatively recent past. In contrast, only the asexual lineage exhibiting obligate apomictic thelytoky was discovered on Ishigaki. Co-existence of the two lineages cannot be explained by the results of laboratory experiments, which showed that the intrinsic rate of increase in the sexual lineage was not obviously superior to that of the asexual lineage. Differences in biotic and/or abiotic selective forces operating on the two islands might be the cause of this discrepancy. This biological system offers a unique opportunity to assess the relative success of sexual versus asexual lineages with an unusual morphology and life cycle.</p></div

Developmental and reproductive performances (mean ± SE) of the sexually and asexually reproducing lineages of <i>Dysmicoccus brevipes</i> on Okinawa Island.

<p>Developmental and reproductive performances (mean ± SE) of the sexually and asexually reproducing lineages of <i>Dysmicoccus brevipes</i> on Okinawa Island.</p